Graça Machel

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Graça Machel (Template:IPA; Template:Née Template:IPA; born 17 October 1945) is a Mozambican politician and humanitarian. Machel is an international advocate for women's and children's rights and was made an honorary Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 1997 for her humanitarian work. She is the only woman in modern history to have served as First Lady of two countries: South Africa and Mozambique. She is the widow of former President of Mozambique Samora Machel (1975–1986) and former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela (1998–2013).

Graça Machel is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As a panel member, she facilitates coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, and convenes decision-makers to influence policy for lasting change in Africa.

She was chancellor of the University of Cape Town between 1999 and 2019.

Early life and education

File:Nicolae Samora Graça.jpg
Graça and Samora Machel hosting Romanian Communist leader Nicolae Ceauşescu, Maputo, 1979

Graça Simbine was born 17 days after her father's death, the youngest of six children,<ref name=ThisDayLive-2014-08-16>Template:Cite news</ref> in rural Incadine, Gaza Province, Portuguese East Africa (modern-day Mozambique). She attended Methodist mission schools before gaining a scholarship to the University of Lisbon in Portugal, where she studied German and first became involved in independence issues.

Machel also speaks French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and English, as well as her native Xitsonga language.

Political career

Simbine returned to Portuguese East Africa in 1973, joining the Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO) and working as a schoolteacher. Following Mozambique's independence in 1975, Simbine was appointed Mozambican's first Minister of Education and Culture on 25 June 1975.

During her tenure, the number of students enrolled in primary and secondary schools rose from about 40 per cent of all school-aged children to over 90 per cent for males and 75 per cent for females.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Later career

Graça Machel received the 1992 Africa Prize, awarded annually to an individual who has contributed to the goal of eliminating hunger in Africa by the year 2000. Machel received the 1995 Nansen Medal from the United Nations in recognition of her longstanding humanitarian work, particularly on behalf of refugee children.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1997, Machel was honored with the Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for her contributions and services in the field of human rights protection. In the same year, she received the Global Citizen Award of the New England Circle. Machel was one of the two winners of the 1998 North–South Prize awarded by the North-South Centre of the Council of Europe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Machel was chancellor of the University of Cape Town from 1999 to 2019.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2009, Machel was appointed to the Commonwealth of Nations' Eminent Persons Group. She was named president of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2016, Machel was named chancellor of the African Leadership University, a role that she still holds today.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In July 2017, Machel was elected an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy (HonFBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2018, she was awarded by the World Health Organization for her contributions to the health and well-being of women, children and adolescents.

On 17 July 2018, Machel attended the 16th Nelson Mandela Annual Lecture, which was located at the Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg, alongside South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and former US President Barack Obama. The event was visited by nearly 15,000 people, commemorating the 100th anniversary of Nelson Mandela's birth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In the leadTemplate:Nbhyphup to [[United Nations Climate Change conference#2022|COPTemplate:Nbsp27]], Machel advocates that Africa's youth should have a greater say in climate politics and warned that existing development aid programs covering, for example, education may well be cut and diverted to fund climate change adaptation instead.<ref name="machel-2022"> Template:Cite news </ref>

United Nations

Following her retirement from the Mozambique ministry, Machel was appointed as the expert in charge of producing the groundbreaking United Nations report on the impact of armed conflict on children.<ref>The impact of Armed Conflict on Children Template:Webarchive. Unicef.org. Retrieved 7 November 2011.</ref> From 2008 until 2009, she was a member of the High-Level Taskforce on Innovative International Financing for Health Systems, co-chaired by Gordon Brown and Robert Zoellick.<ref>High Level Taskforce on International Innovative Financing for Health Systems: Report released WHO, press release of 29 May 2009.</ref> She served as the Chair of The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH) from 2013-2018. In January 2016, she was also appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to the High-level Advisory Group for Every Woman Every Child.<ref>UN Secretary-General Announces Members of the High-Level Advisory Group for Every Woman Every Child Template:Webarchive Every Woman Every Child, press release of 21 January 2016.</ref>

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Machel during the WEF 2010

On 17 January 2016, she was appointed as a Sustainable Development Goals Advocate<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> alongside 16 others, all appointed by Secretary-General of the United Nations

The Elders

On 18 July 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa, Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel, and Desmond Tutu convened The Elders. Mandela announced its formation in a speech on his 89th birthday. The group works on thematic as well as geographically specific subjects. The Elders' priority issue areas include the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the Korean Peninsula, Sudan and South Sudan, sustainable development, and equality for girls and women.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Machel has been particularly involved in The Elders' work on child marriage, including the founding of Girls Not Brides: The Global Partnership to End Child Marriage.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Other activities

Corporate boards

  • Whatana Investment Group, chairwoman of the board of directors<ref>Board of Directors Template:Webarchive Whatana Investment Group.</ref>
  • PME African Infrastructure Opportunities, senior advisor (since 2014), independent non-executive member of the board of directors (2007–2014)
  • Principle Capital Group, non-executive member of the board of directors (since 2004)

Non-profit organizations

Personal life

File:Obama and Machel.jpg
US President Barack Obama greets Graça Machel at the memorial service for her late husband Nelson Mandela, Johannesburg, 2013.

Simbine married Samora Machel, the first president of Mozambique, in 1975. Together they had two children: daughter Josina (born April 1976) and son Malengane (born December 1978). Samora Machel died in office in 1986 when his presidential aircraft crashed near the Mozambique-South Africa border. Josina is a women's rights activist and in 2020 was listed as one of the BBC's 100 Women.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Graça Machel Mandela married her second husband, Nelson Mandela, in Johannesburg on 18 July 1998, Mandela's 80th birthday. At the time, Mandela was serving as the first post-apartheid president of South Africa. Mandela died of pneumonia on 5 December 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Honours, awards and international recognition

Honours

Awards

Honorary doctorates

References

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