Haapsalu

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Haapsalu (Template:IPA) is a seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Lääne County, and on 1 January 2020 it had a population of 9,375.<ref name="Statistics Estonia">Template:Cite web</ref>

History

The name Haapsalu derives from the Estonian words haab 'aspen' and salu in the archaic sense '(forested) island' (now 'grove').<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Until the first half of the 20th century, in Swedish and German the town was called Hapsal. Haapsalu and the surrounding area was the center for the Estonian Swedes from the 13th century until the evacuation of almost all ethnic Swedes from Estonia prior to the Soviet invasion of Estonia during World War II in 1944.Template:Fact

The first written record of Haapsalu dates back to 1279, when the town was chartered and became the capital of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, which it remained for the following three centuries. Buildings from those early days remain today, including an episcopal castle, which has the largest single-nave church in Estonia.Template:Fact

Neighborhoods of Haapsalu

There are six neighborhoods of Haapsalu:

  • Holmi
  • Kesklinn
  • Männiku
  • Paralepa
  • Randsalu
  • Vanalinn.<ref name="eki.ee_neighborhoods">Template:Cite web</ref>

Healing by sea mud

The sea mud in Haapsalu is claimed to have a curative effect. A military doctor, Carl Abraham Hunnius, founded the first mud cure resort in 1825. News of the "curative mud" spread quickly amongst the wealthy customers in then capital city Saint Petersburg, and elsewhere in the former Russian Empire. The mud spas were frequented by the Russian imperial Romanov family.<ref name="Timothy2009">Template:Cite book</ref> For almost 200 years, Haapsalu has been a popular summer destination where people from all around the world come for medical treatment. At present, there are three "mud cure" establishments in Haapsalu.

Other attractions

The Land of Ilon Wikland (Wiklandia), a recreation centre for children, is set to open in a few yearsTemplate:When within the town. Wikland, a famous book illustrator, has had a strong bond with Haapsalu since her childhood.

The August Blues Festival is held every year in August in Haapsalu.

Since 2005, the town hosts Haapsalu Horror and Fantasy Film Festival, an annual film festival dedicated to genre films.<ref>Thomas M. Sipos (2012). Horror Film Festivals and Awards. McFarland. Template:ISBN</ref> In 2017, the pastors of Haapsalu made an open statement calling to end the city's financing of the festival, claiming the horror and violence depicted in the screened films were not fit to represent the resort town image.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The same year the festival was held to a record-breaking attendance.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Demographics

Ethnic composition 1922-2021
Ethnicity 1922<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1934<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1941<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1959<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1970<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> 1979<ref name=":02">Template:Cite book</ref> 1989<ref name=":02" /> 2000<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2011<ref name="RL0429">Template:Cite web</ref> 2021<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount % amount %
Estonians 3597 84.9 4103 88.3 3580 94.5 6819 79.6 8417 73.3 9058 69.5 9704 66.4 9587 79.5 8404 82.0 8016 83.5
Russians 178 4.20 125 2.69 57 1.50 - - 2220 19.3 2987 22.9 3726 25.5 1841 15.3 1427 13.9 1140 11.9
Ukrainians - - 0 0.00 - - - - 296 2.58 441 3.38 547 3.74 287 2.38 181 1.77 127 1.32
Belarusians - - - - - - - - 99 0.86 186 1.43 233 1.59 97 0.80 61 0.60 58 0.60
Finns - - 5 0.11 6 0.16 - - 62 0.54 81 0.62 77 0.53 64 0.53 57 0.56 60 0.63
Jews 9 0.21 5 0.11 0 0.00 - - 23 0.20 20 0.15 12 0.08 5 0.04 4 0.04 3 0.03
Latvians - - 10 0.22 3 0.08 - - 44 0.38 40 0.31 32 0.22 9 0.07 12 0.12 15 0.16
Germans 304 7.17 251 5.40 - - - - - - 46 0.35 48 0.33 16 0.13 8 0.08 6 0.06
Tatars - - 0 0.00 - - - - - - 38 0.29 38 0.26 15 0.12 10 0.10 11 0.11
Poles - - 11 0.24 11 0.29 - - - - 21 0.16 18 0.12 9 0.07 4 0.04 7 0.07
Lithuanians - - 0 0.00 1 0.03 - - 26 0.23 24 0.18 27 0.18 24 0.20 18 0.18 15 0.16
unknown 0 0.00 1 0.02 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 34 0.28 13 0.13 37 0.39
other 149 3.52 138 2.97 131 3.46 1748 20.4 296 2.58 93 0.71 155 1.06 66 0.55 52 0.51 101 1.05
Total 4237 100 4649 100 3789 100 8567 100 11483 100 13035 100 14617 100 12054 100 10251 100 9595 100.01
File:Droonivideo Haapsalu promenaadist, Krimmi holmist, Haapsalu vanalinnast ja Tagalahest (juuni 2022).webm
Drone video of Haapsalu promenade, peninsula of Krimmi holm, Tagalaht and Haapsalu old town in June 2022

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1867 wrote a suite of three pieces for piano during his stay in Haapsalu, titled Souvenir de Hapsal.

In the 19th century, the town became famous for its "Haapsalu shawls", a delicate craft made by local women.

Haapsalu has sometimes been called the "Venice of the Baltics" — an apparent exaggeration used mostly to promote the resort town to foreign tourists.<ref name="HallSmith2006">Template:Cite book</ref>

Haapsalu is site of a fencing school founded by Estonian fencer Endel Nelis, used as the setting of the Finnish-Estonian film The Fencer.<ref name="Lääne_Elu">Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

References

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Template:Cities of Estonia Template:Haapsalu (urban municipality) Template:Authority control

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