Lääne County

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox settlement

Lääne County (Template:Langx or Läänemaa, literally "Western land"; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in western Estonia and borders the Baltic Sea to the north, Harju County to the northeast, Rapla County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, and the island counties of Saare and Hiiu to the west. In January 2009, Lääne County had a population of 23,810 – constituting 2.0% of the total population in Estonia.<ref name="County_population">Template:Cite web</ref>

County government

Until 2017 the County Government (Template:Langx) was led by a governor (Template:Langx), who was appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Since 15 December 2011, the governorship was held by Innar Mäesalu.Template:Citation needed

Maavanem 1918–1941

  • Aleksander Saar 1917–1927<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Artur Kasterpalu 1930–1941<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee"/>

Maavanem 1993–2017

  • Andres Lipstok 14 December 1993 – 12 August 1994<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee"/>
  • Hannes Danilov 1 November 1994 – 3 January 1999<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee"/>
  • Arder Väli 23 February 1999 – 20 July 1999<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee"/>
  • Jaanus Sahk 22 September 1999 – 22 September 2004<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee"/>
  • Sulev Vare 19 November 2004 – 14 September 2007<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee"/>
  • Neeme Suur 18 February 2008 – 4 April 2011<ref name="laane.maavalitsus.ee"/>
  • Innar Mäesalu 15 December 2011 -<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Municipalities

The county is subdivided into municipalities. There is one urban municipality, Haapsalu (Template:Langx – town) and 2 rural municipalities (Template:Langx – parishes) in Lääne County.

Municipalities in Lääne County
Rank Municipality Type Population
(2018)<ref name=population>Template:Cite web</ref>		 Area
km2<ref name=population/>		 Density<ref name=population/>
1 Haapsalu Urban 13,516 264 51.2
2 Lääne-Nigula Parish Rural 7,239 1,451 5.0
3 Vormsi Parish Rural 419 93 4.5

Religion

The Lääne deanery of Saare-Lääne Diocese of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church in the county includes the Haapsalu St. John's congregation, Kullamaa St. John's congregation, Lääne-Nigula St. Nicholas' congregation, Martna St. Martin's congregation, Noarootsi St. Catherine's congregation, Nõva St. Olav's congregation, Piirsalu congregation and Ridala St. Mary Magdalene's .congregation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>   Regarding the Orthodox congregations in the county, the  St.Prince-Alexander.Nevsky congregation, subordinate to the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, is located in Haapsalu.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Baptist congregations in the county operate in the following places: Haapsalu, Palivere, Ridala, Sutlepa, Vormsi and Mäevalla.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Also two  Methodist  congregations  and an Adventist congregation operate in Haapsalu. A Pentecostal congregation operates in Palivere. There is also a Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses in Haapsalu.


Religious affiliations in Lääne County, census 2000–2021*<ref name=Census>Official census data from Statistics Estonia: </ref>
Religion 2000 2011 2021
Number % Number % Number %
Christianity 5,109 22,3 4,418 21.3 4,050 23.6
—Orthodox Christians 921 4.0 1,052 5.0 1,290 7.4
—Lutherans 3,580 15.6 2,773 13.4 1,960 11.4
—Catholics 46 0.2 32 0.1 40 0.2
—Baptists 358 1.5 234 1.1 450 2.6
—Jehovah's Witnesses 74 0.3 93 0.4 90 0.5
—Pentecostals 70 0.3 46 0.2 80 0.4
—Old Believers - 3 0.01 -
—Methodists 73 0.3 36 0.1 20 0.1
—Adventists 61 0.2 46 0.2 50 0.3
—Other Christians - 103 0.5 70 0.3
Islam 12 0.05 8 0.02 -
Buddhism - - 14 0.04 -
Other religions** 98 0.4 210 1.0 200 1.1
No religion 8,632 37.8 13,126 64.5 10,920 63.6
Not stated*** 8,914 39.0 2,798 13.5 1,940 11.3
Total population* 22,840 20,673 17,170
*The censuses of Estonia count the religious affiliations of the population older than 15 years of age.<ref name="Census" />
".<ref name="Census" />

History

Koluvere castle in Lääne County.
Koluvere castle dating from the 13th century

In the first centuries AD political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the parish (Template:Langx) and the county (Template:Langx). A parish consisted of several villages. Nearly all parishes had at least one fortress. The defense of the local area was directed by the highest official, the parish elder. A county was composed of several parishes, also headed by an elder. By the 13th century the following major districts had developed in Estonia: Saaremaa (Osilia), Läänemaa (Rotalia or Maritima), Harjumaa (Harria), Rävala (Revalia), Virumaa (Vironia), Järvamaa (Jervia), Sakala (Saccala), and Ugandi (Ugaunia).<ref name="Raun2001p11" />

Läänemaa (Template:Langx,<ref name="Raun2001p11">Template:Cite book</ref> Low German: Wiek) was an independent country on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Revala, Harjumaa, Alempois, and Sakala. Läänemaa had an area of approximately 1900 hides. Early in 1220 troops from Sweden, initially led by King John I, had invaded Läänemaa. The Swedish army took the Lihula stronghold and set up a small garrison. Swedish Jarl Karl Döve and Bishop Karl Magnusson of Linköping, both from the powerful House of Bjälbo, also remained in the castle. On August 8, 1220, the united Œselian and Rotalian armies encircled the castle at dawn. It was set ablaze in the course of the fierce battle that ensued. The Swedish troops tried to make their way out, but were killed on site apart from a few who succeeded in escaping to Tallinn, held by Denmark. The Jarl, the Bishop, and almost 500 other Swedes were killed, leaving no Swedish presence in Estonia at all. The short-lived Swedish attempt to gain foothold in Estonia was motivated by the quickly advancing Danish and Low German crusaders who had been able to conquer most of the area in the early 13th century. Defeat in the Battle of Lihula discouraged the Swedish expansion to Estonia for more than 300 years, and the country was left for the Teutonic Knights, Low German Bishops and Denmark to divide. In the meantime, Sweden focused on Finland and the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars. After the Livonian Crusade Läänemaa became the main territory of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, an independent Bishopric. Parts of the Bishop's castle are still preserved in Haapsalu.

Historic parishes (kihelkonnad)

After the German conquest in 1227, Lääne County became the center of the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, an independent principality within the Livonian Confederation. Parts of Bishop's castle are still preserved in Haapsalu.

See also

References

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