Haidian, Beijing
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Haidian (Template:Zh) is a northwest urban district of Beijing, bordering Xicheng and Fengtai.
It is Template:Convert in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020.<ref name="2020Census_HaidianResults">Template:Cite web</ref> According to the latest 2025 census data, the population of Haidian District is 3.122 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Administrative division
Haidian is divided into 22 subdistricts and 7 towns.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
According to historical accounts, the name Haidian reflects the region’s water-rich geography: the character ‘海’ (hǎi) evokes a broad, sea-like expanse, while ‘淀’ (diàn) refers to marshes or shallow ponds, both of which were once characteristic of the area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City.<ref name="Tang2008">University of Texas Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection: A portion of "Originalkarte der Ebene von Peking und des Gebirkslandes im Westen und Norden der Capitale" from Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann. Erganzungsband 10, 1876.</ref> It was first built in the Yuan dynasty and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White, Quanjude and Hongbin House.<ref name="govt">Beijing Haidian District People's Government (7 December 2007), Special Shopping Areas in Haidian District Template:Webarchive. Accessed 19 October 2008. NB: this page only loads correctly in Internet Explorer.</ref> The famed Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the Tsinghua University and Yenching University campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the Yan'an institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954.<ref name="bjreview">Template:Cite journal</ref> Since the reform and opening up, it has become the heart of China's IT industry. In the words of Time magazine: Template:Cquote
During the later half of the 1990s, out of the Beijing districts, Haidian had the highest per capita GDP. During that period the GDP of Haidian (1) District grew by double digits each year.<ref name=WangZhouFanp117>Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan. "Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing" (Archive). Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104-122. Cited page: p. 117.</ref>
Transportation
The northwestern stretches of the 3rd Ring Road, 4th Ring Road, 5th Ring Road and 6th Ring Road all run through the area.
Metro and light rail
Haidian is currently served by 13 metro lines of the Beijing Subway and one light rail line:
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Wukesong, Wanshoulu, Gongzhufen Template:Rint, Military Museum Template:Rint
- File:BeijingMTRicon.svg Template:Rail color box - Anheqiao North, Beigongmen, Xiyuan Template:Rint, Yuanmingyuan Park, East Gate of Peking University, Zhongguancun, Haidian Huangzhuang Template:Rint, Renmin University Template:Rint, Weigongcun, National Library Template:Rint Template:Rint
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Liaogongzhuang, Tiancun, Haidian Wuluju, Cishousi Template:Rint, Huayuanqiao, Baishiqiao South Template:Rint, Erligou Template:Rint
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Yuxin, Xixiaokou, Yongtaizhuang
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - National Library Template:Rint Template:Rint, Baishiqiao South Template:Rint, Baiduizi, Military Museum Template:Rint
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Lianhua Qiao, Gongzhufen Template:Rint, Xidiaoyutai, Cishousi Template:Rint, Chedaogou, Changchun Qiao Template:Rint, Huoqiying, Bagou Template:Rint, Suzhou Jie Template:Rint, Haidian Huangzhuang Template:Rint, Zhichunli, Zhichun Lu Template:Rint, Xitucheng Template:Rint, Mudanyuan Template:Rint, Jiandemen
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Sijiqing Qiao, Landianchang, Changchun Qiao Template:Rint, Suzhou Qiao Template:Rint, Renmin Daxue Template:Rint, Dazhong Si Template:Rint, Jimen Qiao Template:Rint, Beitaipingzhuang Template:Rint
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Dazhong Si Template:Rint, Zhichun Lu Template:Rint, Wudaokou, Shangdi, Qinghe railway station Template:Rint, Xi'erqi Template:Rint
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Qinghua Donglu Xikou, Liudaokou Template:Rint, Beishatan
- File:BeijingMTRicon.svg Template:Rail color box - Bei'anhe, Wenyanglu, Daoxianghulu, Tundian, Yongfeng, Yongfeng South, Xibeiwang, Malianwa, Nongda Nanlu, Xiyuan Template:Rint, Wanquanhe Qiao, Suzhou Jie Template:Rint, Suzhou Qiao Template:Rint, Wanshousi, Guojia Tushuguan (National Library) Template:RintTemplate:Rint, Erligou Template:Rint, Ganjiakou, Yuyuantan Dongmen (Yuyuantan Park East Gate), Muxidi Template:Rint
- File:BeijingMTROA.svg Template:Rail color box - Mudanyuan Template:Rint, Beitaipingzhuang Template:Rint
- Template:Rint Template:Rail color box - Xi'erqi Template:Rint, Qinghe railway station Template:Rint, Zhufangbei, Qinghe Xiaoyingqiao, Xuezhiyuan, Liudaokou Template:Rint, Xueyuanqiao, Xitucheng Template:Rint, Jimen Qiao Template:Rint
- File:BeijingPublicTransport.svg Template:Rail color box - Fragrant Hills, Botanical Garden, Wan'an, Chapeng, West Gate of Summer Palace, Bagou Template:Rint
Suburban Railway
Haidian is served by one commuter line operated by Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR).
Government and infrastructure
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The China National Space Administration has its headquarters in the district.<ref>Home page in Chinese. China National Space Administration. Retrieved on 26 February 2016. "地址：北京市海淀区阜成路甲8号 邮编:100048"</ref> The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center which serves as the central command center for the Chinese space program is also located in the district.
The Ministry of Science and Technology is located in Yangfangdian, neighboring the China Central Television building (completed in 1986) within the district. The China National Intellectual Property Administration has its headquarters in Haidian, near Jimen Bridge. The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) was formerly located in Zhongguancun.<ref>Home Template:Webarchive. State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. Retrieved on 12 July 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "</ref>
The People's Liberation Army Military Music Hall is located in the district.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Ministry of State Security has a number of major facilities in the district.
Economy
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In 2017, the regional GDP was 592.48 billion yuan,<ref>北京区域统计年鉴2018 Template:Webarchive"Regional Yearbook of Beijing, 2018"</ref> with a GDP per capita at 170.8 thousand yuan (25293 US dollars).
A central part of Haidian's economy, the Zhongguancun electronics district, hosts the Beijing offices of many software and computer-technology companies.
- Baidu has its headquarters in the Baidu Campus.<ref>"IR Contacts Template:Webarchive." Baidu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Address: Baidu Campus, No. 10, Shangdi 10th Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China."</ref>
- ByteDance (developer of Douyin / TikTok) has its global headquarters at Dazhongsi Square, Haidian District.<ref name=dzs1>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=dzs2>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Google has its Beijing office in Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6<ref>"Google locations." Google. Retrieved on 25 May 2016. "Google Beijing Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6 No. 1 Zhongguancun East Road Haidian District"</ref>
- Lenovo has its global headquarters in Lenovo Campus, Haidian District.
- Sohu has its headquarters in the Sohu.com Internet Plaza.<ref>"Contact Us." Sohu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Headquarter Office Sohu.com Internet Plaza, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, PRC ."</ref><ref>"Sohu.com." CNN Money. Retrieved on 19 August 2009.</ref>
- Sinosteel's headquarters are in the Sinosteel Plaza (Template:Zh) in Haidian District.<ref>"Contact Us Template:Webarchive." Sinosteel. Retrieved on 18 November 2012. "Sinosteel Plaza,8 Haidian St., Beijing, P.R.China" - See map and directions in English Template:Webarchive - Chinese Template:Webarchive: "Template:Lang" - See map and directions in Chinese Template:Webarchive</ref>
- Youku has its headquarters on the fifth floor of Sinosteel Plaza.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Wumart has its headquarters in the Wumart Commercial Building (Template:Zh) in Haidian District.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- aigo's head office is in the Ideal Plaza (Template:Zh) in the Haidian District.<ref>"Contact Us Template:Webarchive." aigo. Retrieved on 25 July 2013. "aigo Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Add: 10-11th Floor, Ideal Plaza, No.58, West Road, North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100080, China" Chinese address Template:Webarchive: "Template:Lang"</ref>
- China Postal Airlines has its headquarters on the 11th through 14th floors of the Ziyu Office Building (Template:Zh) in Haidian District.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Sinovac Biotech<ref>Template:Cite web - Chinese address: "地址：中国· 北京 海淀区上地西路39号北大生物城（100085）"</ref>
- The Beijing Civil Aircraft Technology Research Center of COMAC (Template:Lang) has its offices on the 8th floor of the Beijing Olympic Building (Template:Zh) in Haidian District.<ref>"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd." (Archive) COMAC. Retrieved on 10 January 2014.</ref>
- Xiaomi has its headquarters in the Huarun Wucaicheng Office Building (Template:Zh).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Nuctech.<ref>Template:Cite web - Address in Chinese: "北京市海淀区双清路同方大厦A座2层"</ref>
- New Oriental<ref>Template:Cite web - Chinese address: "北京市海淀区海淀中街6号新东方大厦9层"</ref>
- Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.<ref>Template:Cite web - Traditional Chinese address: " 北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - Simplified Chinese address: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"</ref>
- Grab has its Beijing office in Raycom Infotech Park.
Education
Higher education
Institutions of higher education in Haidian include:
- Beihang University (formerly Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
- Beijing Film Academy
- Beijing Foreign Studies University
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing Language and Culture University
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing Sport University
- Capital Normal University
- China Agricultural University
- China University of Geosciences Beijing
- China University of Political Science and Law
- Minzu University of China
- Peking University
- Renmin University of China
- Tsinghua University
- University of International Relations
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
Primary and secondary education
The Beijing Municipal Education Commission (Template:Zh), the local education authority, has its headquarters in the Beijing Olympic Building.<ref>"联系我们" (Contact Us) (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "北京市教育委员会地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦"</ref><ref>Home page (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦 邮政编码：100083"</ref>
Institutions of secondary education
- Beijing Bayi School
- Beijing 101 Middle School
- Affiliated High School of Peking University
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China
- Tsinghua University High School
Private schools include:
- Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School (elementary through senior high school)<ref>"Location Template:Webarchive." Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School. Retrieved on 7 June 2014. "Address：No.20, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100195 P.R.China" - Address in Chinese Template:Webarchive: "地址： 北京市海淀区杏石口路20号 邮编： 100195"</ref>
- Saint Paul American School
Communities
- Zhongguancun
- Wudaokou
- Madian
- Xinjiangcun (demolished)
Important areas in Haidian District
- Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan Park)
- Summer Palace (Yiheyuan)
- Fragrant Hills (Xiangshan or Jingyi Palace)
- Beijing Botanical Garden (Beijing Zhiwuyuan)
- Jade Spring Hill (Yuquanshan or Jingming Palace)
- Haidian Park
- Pagoda at the Wuta Temple
- Purple Bamboo Park (Zizhuyuan)
- Yuyuantan Park
- Diaoyutai State Guesthouse
- Baidu headquarters
- Sohu headquarters
- Sinosteel Plaza
- Youku headquarters
- Haidian Christian Church
Sports
The Chinese Ice Hockey Association, which governs ice hockey and bandy in China, has its offices at 56, Zhongguacun South Street in Haidian District.<ref>FIB Members Template:Webarchive, read 20 February 2016</ref>
Gallery
Haidian's Technology hubs
Climate
Haidian has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Haidian is Template:Cvt. The average annual rainfall is Template:Cvt with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around Template:Cvt, and lowest in January, at around Template:Cvt.
Sister cities
Since 1992, Haidian District has signed official papers and established Sister City relationship with 14 cities and districts from 10 countries of 4 continents. Some sister cities are shown below:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
South America
- Template:Flagdeco Santa Fe, Argentina (May 2010)
- Template:Flagdeco La Falda, Cordoba, Argentina (10 September 2009)
North America
- Template:Flagdeco Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (8 February 2008)
- Template:Flagdeco Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States (15 April 1998)
Europe
- Template:Flagdeco Savonlinna, Finland (9 March 2016)
- Template:Flagdeco Olympia, Peloponnesus, Greece (28 February 2008)
- Template:Flagdeco Groningen, Netherlands (19 October 2004)
- Template:Flagdeco Bures-sur-Yvette, Massy, Palaiseau, in Paris Region, France (4 October 1994)
East Asia
- Template:Flagdeco Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea (27 September 1995)
- Template:Flagdeco Nerima, Tokyo, Japan (13 October 1992)
Notes
References
External links
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- Haidian District, Beijing Municipality Template:In lang
- Haidian District, Beijing Municipality Template:In lang
Template:Haidian District Template:Subdivisions of Haidian District, Beijing Template:Navbox Template:Authority control