High tech
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High technology (high tech or high-tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech)<ref>Advanced technology definition</ref> is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It can be defined as either the most complex or the newest technology on the market.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The opposite of high tech is low technology, referring to simple, often traditional or mechanical technology. When high tech gets old, it becomes low tech, for example vacuum tube electronics. Further, high tech is related to the concept of mid-tech, that is a balance between the two opposite extreme qualities of low-tech and high tech. Mid-tech could be understood as an inclusive middle that combines the efficiency and versatility of digital/automated technology with low-tech's potential for autonomy and resilience.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Startups working on high technologies (or developing new high technologies) are sometimes referred to as deep tech; the term may also refer to disruptive innovations or those based on scientific discoveries.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
High tech, as opposed to high-touch, may refer to self-service experiences that do not require human interaction.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
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The phrase was used in a 1958 The New York Times story advocating "atomic energy" for Europe: "... Western Europe, with its dense population and its high technology ...."<ref>"Atomic Power for Europe", The New York Times, February 4, 1958, p. 17.</ref> Robert Metz used the term in a financial column in 1969, saying Arthur H. Collins of Collins Radio "controls a score of high technology patents in a variety of fields"<ref>Metz, Robert (1969). "Market Place: Collins Versus The Middle Man", The New York Times, April 24, 1969, p. 64.</ref> and in a 1971 article used the abbreviated form, "high tech".<ref>Metz, Robert (1971). "Market Place: So What Made E.D.S. Plunge?", The New York Times, November 11, 1971, p. 72.</ref>
A widely used classification of high-technological industries was provided by the OECD in 2006.<ref>Hatzichronoglou, Thomas: "Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification", OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 1997/02, OECD Publishing, Paris.</ref> It is based on the intensity of research and development activities used in these industries within OECD countries, resulting in four distinct categories.<ref>High Tech Trademarks by John Mendenhall, Art Direction Book Co; First Edition (January 1, 1985) Template:ISBN</ref>
In the 21st century, the high tech industry is a significant part of several advanced economies.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The Israeli economy has the highest ratio in the world, with the high tech sector accounting for 20% of the economy. High tech makes up 9.3% of the American economy according to Statista<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and CTech.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ranking of startup ecosystems
Multiple cities and hubs have been described as global startup ecosystems. GSER publishes a yearly ranking of global startup ecosystems.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> The study does yearly reports ranking the top 40 global startup hubs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
List of countries by high tech exports
The following is a list of the 15 largest exporting countries of high tech products by value in billions of United States dollars, according to the United Nations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| # | Country | Value (billions) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Template:Flagcountry | 825 | 2023 |
| 2 | Template:Flagcountry | 369 | 2023 |
| 3 | Template:Flagcountry | 255 | 2023 |
| 4 | Template:Flagcountry | 232 | 2024 |
| 5 | Template:Flag country | 197 | 2023 |
| 6 | Template:Flagcountry | 163 | 2023 |
| 7 | Template:Flagcountry | 135 | 2022 |
| 8 | Template:Flag country | 127 | 2023 |
| 9 | Template:Flag country | 115 | 2023 |
| 10 | Template:Flagcountry | 110 | 2023 |
| 11 | Template:Flagcountry | 102 | 2024 |
| 12 | Template:Flagcountry | 91 | 2023 |
| 13 | Template:Flagcountry | 89 | 2024 |
| 14 | Template:Flagcountry | 82 | 2023 |
| 15 | Template:Flagcountry | 81 | 2023 |
See also
- Electronics
- Electronics industry
- Photonics industry
- Nuclear technology
- Quantum technology
- Intermediate technology – sometimes used to mean technology between low and high technology
- Industrial design
- List of emerging technologies
- Semiconductor industry
- Big Tech
- Innovation
References
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