Johnnie Walker
Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Beverage Johnnie Walker is a brand of Scotch whisky produced by Diageo in Scotland. It was established in the Scottish burgh of Kilmarnock in 1820, and continued to be produced and bottled at the town's Hill Street plant, once the world's largest bottling plant,<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> until its closure in 2012, a decision announced by Diageo in 2009 which would bring the 190-year association between the brand and Kilmarnock to an end.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The brand was first established by grocer John Walker, a native of Kilmarnock, who originally established the business as a grocery shop in 1820, with his son Alexander "Alec" Walker and grandson Alexander Walker II, being largely responsible for establishing the whisky as a favoured brand. It is the world's highest selling Scotch whisky,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> sold in almost every country, with annual sales of the equivalent of over 223.7 million Template:Cvt bottles in 2016 or Template:Cvt.<ref name="thespiritsbusiness.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
History
John Walker, founder
John Walker was born on 25 July 1805. His farmer father died in 1819, and the family sold the farm. Their trustees invested the proceeds, £417, in an Italian warehouse, grocery, and wine and spirits shop on the High Street in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. Walker managed the grocery, wine, and spirits segment as a teenager in 1820. The Excise Act 1823 relaxed strict laws on distillation of whisky and reduced, by a considerable amount, the extremely heavy taxes on the distillation and sale of whisky.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By 1825, Walker, a teetotaller, was selling spirits, including rum, brandy, gin, and whisky.<ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
In short order, he switched to dealing mainly in whisky. Since blending of grain whiskies with malt whiskies was still banned, he sold both blended malt whiskies and grain whiskies.<ref name="WT">Template:Cite web</ref> They were sold as made-to-order whiskies, blended to meet specific customer requirements, because he did not have any brand of his own.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> He began using his name on labels years later, selling a blended malt as Walker's Kilmarnock Whisky. John Walker died in 1857.<ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" />
Death of Walker and takeover by son
The brand became popular, but after Walker's death it was his son Alexander 'Alec' Walker and grandson Alexander Walker II who were largely responsible for establishing the whisky as a favoured brand. The Spirits Act 1860 legalised the blending of grain whiskies with malt whiskies and ushered in the modern era of blended Scotch whisky.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" /> Blended Scotch whisky, lighter and sweeter in character, was more accessible, and much more marketable to a wider audience. Andrew Usher of Edinburgh, was the first to produce a blended whisky, but the Walkers followed in due course.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Alexander Walker had introduced the brand's signature square bottle in 1860. This meant more bottles fitting the same space and fewer broken bottles. The other identifying characteristic of the Johnnie Walker bottle was – and still is – the label, which, since that year, is applied at an angle of 24 degrees upwards left to right and allows text to be made larger and more visible.<ref name="2009_promo_film">Template:Cite AV media</ref><ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" /> This also allowed consumers to identify it at a distance.<ref name="WT" /> One major factor in his favour was the arrival of a railway in Kilmarnock, carrying goods to merchant ships travelling the world. Thanks to Alec's business acumen, sales of Walker's Kilmarnock reached 100,000 gallons (450,000 litres) per year by 1862.<ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" />
In 1865, Alec created Johnnie Walker's first commercial blend and called it Old Highland Whisky, before registering it as such in 1867.<ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" /><ref name="JWS">Template:Cite web</ref>
Under John Walker, whisky sales represented eight percent of the firm's income; by the time Alexander was ready to pass on the company to his own sons, that figure had increased to between 90 and 95 percent.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Expansion and growth
In 1893, Cardhu distillery was purchased by the Walkers to reinforce the stocks of one of the Johnnie Walker blends' key malt whiskies.<ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" /> This move took the Cardhu single malt out of the market and made it the exclusive preserve of the Walkers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Cardhu's output became the heart of the Old Highland Whisky and after the rebranding of 1909, the prime single malt in Johnnie Walker Red and Black Labels.<ref name="WT" />
From 1906 to 1909, John's grandsons George and Alexander II expanded the line and had three blended whiskies in the market, Old Highland at 5 years old, Special Old Highland at 9 years old, and Extra Special Old Highland at 12 years old. These three brands had the standard Johnnie Walker labels, the only difference being their colours: white, red, and black, respectively. They were commonly referred to in public by the colours of their labels.<ref name="WT" /> In 1909, as part of a rebranding that saw the introduction of the Striding Man, a mascot used to the present day that was created by cartoonist Tom Browne,<ref name="vinepair.com">Template:Cite web</ref> the company re-branded their blends to match the common colour names. The Old Highland was renamed Johnnie Walker White Label<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and made at 6 years old, the Special Old Highland became Johnnie Walker Red Label at 10 years old, and Extra Special Old Highland was renamed Johnnie Walker Black Label, remaining 12 years old.<ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" />
Sensing an opportunity to expand the scale and variety of their brands, Walker acquired interests in Coleburn distillery in 1915, quickly followed by Clynelish Distillery Co. and Dailuaine-Talisker Co. in 1916.<ref name="thewhiskyexchange.com" /> This ensured a steady supply of single-malt whisky from the Cardhu, Coleburn, Clynelish, Talisker, and Dailuaine distilleries.<ref name="noelonwhisky.blogspot.in">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1923, Walker bought Mortlach distillery, in furtherance of their strategy.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Most of their output was used in Johnnie Walker blends, whose burgeoning popularity required increasingly vast volumes of single malts.
Johnnie Walker White was dropped during World War I.<ref name="Johnny Walker – History">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1932, Alexander II added Johnnie Walker Swing to the line, the name originating from the unusual shape of the bottle, which allowed it to rock back and forth.
The company joined Distillers Company in 1925. Distillers Company was acquired by Guinness in 1986, and Guinness merged with Grand Metropolitan to form Diageo in 1997. That year saw the introduction of the blended malt, Johnnie Walker Pure Malt, renamed Johnnie Walker Green Label in 2004.<ref name="distiller.com">Template:Cite web</ref>
Closure of Kilmarnock plant
In July 2009, the brand's current owners, Diageo, decided to close all operations in Kilmarnock by 2012. This met with backlash from local people, politicians, and then-First Minister of Scotland, Alex Salmond. Despite petitions, public campaigns, and a large-scale march around Kilmarnock, Diageo proceeded with the closure.<ref name="indianexpress.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Johnnie Walker plant in Kilmarnock closed its doors in March 2012 and the buildings were subsequently demolished a year later.<ref name="PlantCloses">Template:Cite AV media</ref> The site is now occupied by the Kilmarnock campus of Ayrshire College and HALO Urban Regeneration.
Post–Kilmarnock
In 2018, Diageo announced plans to create a flagship whisky visitor experience on Princes Street in Edinburgh, transforming the former House of Fraser building.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After extensive renovations costing around £35 million, Johnnie Walker Princes Street opened in September 2021. The venue offers an interactive journey through the heritage and craftsmanship of Johnnie Walker whisky across several floors, featuring tasting rooms and a rooftop bar with views of the city.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Since opening, it has welcomed over one million visitors.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In July 2020, Johnnie Walker announced plans to release a new environmentally-friendly paper bottle set to debut in early 2021.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By September 2024, the brand had developed a 700ml bottle made from 90% paper, with a thin plastic liner, for its Black Label whisky. This bottle is approximately 60% lighter than traditional glass bottles. It began trialling in the on-trade sector, including bars and restaurants, to assess its viability in real-world settings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In October 2021, Johnnie Walker announced a new label, Jane Walker, created by the distillery's first female master blender, Dr. Emma Walker.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Blends
For most of its history Johnnie Walker only offered a few blends. Since the turn of the century, there has been a spate of special and limited bottlings.
- Red Label: A non-age-stated blend.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It has been the best selling Scotch whisky in the world since 1945.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is primarily used for making mixed drinks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Black Label: Aged 12 years, it is one of the world's best-selling Scotch whiskies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Double Black: Made available for general release in 2011 after a successful launch in travel retail.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The whisky was created taking Black Label as a blueprint, adding more peaty malt whiskies to it, and maturing it in heavily charred old oak casks.<ref name="nydaily">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Johnnie Walker Swing: Supplied in a distinctive bottle whose irregular bottom allows it to rock back and forth. This type of bottle design was originally used aboard sailing ships. It was Alexander Walker II's last blend: it features a high proportion of Speyside malts, complemented by malts from the northern Highlands and Islay.
- Green Label: First introduced in 1997 as Johnnie Walker Pure Malt 15 Year Old,<ref name="distiller.com" /> it was renamed Johnnie Walker Green Label in 2004. Green Label is a blended malt whisky, meaning it is made by mixing single malts with no grain whisky added.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> All whiskies used are a minimum of 15 years old.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Diageo discontinued Green Label globally in 2012 (except for Taiwan, where demand for blended malts is very strong) as part of a reconstruction of the range that saw the introduction of Gold Label Reserve and Platinum Label. The brand was reintroduced in 2016 and is again globally available.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Gold Label Reserve: Johnnie Walker Gold Label was introduced in 1995 as a premium blended Scotch whisky. It was inspired by Alexander Walker's Centenary Blend, created in 1920 to commemorate the company's 100th anniversary. This original blend was discontinued during World War II due to depleted whisky stocks. The 1995 Gold Label was crafted using Alexander's original blending notes and was initially bottled as an 18-year-old blend.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2013, Diageo restructured the Johnnie Walker range, leading to the discontinuation of the 18-year-old Gold Label. It was replaced by Gold Label Reserve, a no-age-statement blend positioned between Black Label and the newly introduced Platinum Label.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Johnnie Walker Aged 18 Years: Originally launched as Johnnie Walker Platinum Label in 2011 as a travel retail exclusive. It became part of the Johnnie Walker core range in 2012. In 2017, Platinum Label was rebranded as Johnnie Walker 18 Year Old, with a packaging change to a golden-brown color scheme.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Blue Label: Johnnie Walker Blue Label first appeared in 1992 under the name Johnnie Walker Oldest. In 1994, it was rebranded as Blue Label to align with the brand’s colour-coded hierarchy and to emphasise its elevated status.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Johnnie Walker Blue Label is blended to re-create the character and taste of some of the earliest whisky blends created in the 19th century.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It bears no age statement. Bottles are numbered serially and sold in a silk-lined box accompanied by a certificate of authenticity. It is one of the most expensive blended Scotch whiskies on the market, with prices in the range of US$174–450.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Over 300 Blue Label–based Limited Editions have been released to date.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Age | 1865–1905 | 1906–1908 | 1909–1920 | 1921–1931 | 1932–1991 | 1992–1994 | 1995-1997 | 1997–2010 | 2011– |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Old Highland | White Label | |||||||
| Not stated | Special O.H. | Red Label | |||||||
| 12 | Walker's O.H. | Extra Sp. O.H. | Black Label | ||||||
| Not stated | Double Black | ||||||||
| Not stated | Swing | ||||||||
| 15 | Green Label | ||||||||
| Not stated (formerly 18) |
Gold Label Reserve | ||||||||
| 18 | Aged 18 Years | ||||||||
| Not stated | Blue Label | ||||||||
Marketing
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The Walkers created their primary marketing strategy in 1908 with advertisements featuring Browne's Striding Man, using the slogan, "Johnnie Walker: Born 1820, still going strong". Photographs replaced the drawings in the 1930s, and the Striding Man was miniaturised to a coloured logo in 1939; it first appeared on the Johnnie Walker labels in 1960. In the late 1990s, the direction of the Striding Man was reversed as part of a "Keep Walking" campaign.<ref name="vinepair.com" /> The Striding Man icon was most recently redrawn in 2015.<ref name="Design_Week">Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2009, the advertising agency Bartle Bogle Hegarty (BBH) created a new short film, starring Robert Carlyle and directed by Jamie Rafn, titled The Man Who Walked Around the World, which outlined the history of the Johnnie Walker brand.<ref name="2009_promo_film" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="wordpress.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore Another YouTube link.</ref>
In April 2015, Diageo produced the Johnny Drama, named after the Entourage HBO series character Johnny "Drama" Chase, to promote the release of the movie version of Entourage.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>
In October 2018, Diageo teamed up with HBO to produce "White Walker by Johnnie Walker" whisky, inspired by the army of the undead in the TV series Game of Thrones as part of the marketing for the series' final season.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Diageo then released a collection of Game of Thrones–inspired single malt whiskies,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> followed by two more whiskies by Johnnie Walker in mid-2019.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Accolades
Johnnie Walker spirits have received strong scores at international spirits ratings competitions and from liquor review bodies. The Green Label received a string of three double gold medals from the San Francisco World Spirits Competition between 2005 and 2007.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Gold Label received double gold medals from the San Francisco competition in 2008 and 2009 and won a gold in 2010.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Spirits ratings aggregator proof66.com, which averages scores from the San Francisco Spirits Competition, Wine Enthusiast, and others, puts the Black, Blue, Gold and Green Labels in its highest performance category ("Tier 1" Spirits).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Johnnie Walker spirits have several times taken part in the Monde Selection's World Quality Selections and have received a Gold and Grand Gold Quality Award.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Johnnie Walker Gold Label Reserve won the World's Best Blended—Best Scotch Blended in World Whiskies Awards 2018.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sponsorships
Johnnie Walker was the official whisky of Formula One,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and was a sponsor for McLaren and Racing Point. Johnnie Walker is also the title namesake for the F1 Grand Prix race in Spa, Belgium.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Johnnie Walker sponsored the Johnnie Walker Classic, an Asia-Pacific golf tournament, up to 2009 and the Johnnie Walker Championship at Gleneagles, a golf tournament in Scotland up to 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Diageo sold the Gleneagles Hotel and Golf Course, the site of the tournament, mid-2015 to focus on its core business.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
Cultural figures
British prime minister Winston Churchill's favourite whisky was Johnnie Walker Red Label, which he mixed with a large amount of water and drank throughout the day.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
Vanity Fair writer Christopher Hitchens was partial to Johnnie Walker Black Label cut with Perrier sparkling mineral water and referred to it as "Mr Walker's Amber Restorative".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
At the height of his fame in the late 1960s, New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath said, "I like my girls blonde and my Johnnie Walker red".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Johnnie Walker Blue Label was a favourite of US president Richard Nixon's; Nixon used to enjoy it with ginger ale and a wedge of lime.<ref name="A Companion to Richard M. Nixon">Template:Cite book</ref>
A number of singers and songwriters have referenced Johnnie Walker in their works, from Amanda Marshall to ZZ Top.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Elliott Smith's Oscar-nominated "Miss Misery" has the narrator "[faking] it through the day with some help from Johnnie Walker Red". Heavy metal band Black Label Society was named after Johnnie Walker Black Label whisky, as Zakk Wylde was very fond of the drink.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> George Thorogood name checks "Johnny Walker and his brothers Black and Red" in "I Drink Alone". The name appears also in the song "Remember to Forget" by Passenger.
Polish fictional humorous character Jakub Wędrowycz is a wordplay based on the Polish translation of "Johny Walker".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In the 2007 film The Man from Earth, the main character John Oldman (David Lee Smith) produces a bottle of Johnnie Walker Green Label, with his friends commenting on its quality.
In the 1982 film Blade Runner, Harrison Ford's character Rick Deckard is seen drinking Johnnie Walker Black Label, which he also drinks in the sequel, Blade Runner 2049 (2017). Coinciding with the release of Blade Runner 2049, Johnnie Walker released a "Director's Cut" edition of its Black Label, which was bottled at a higher proof.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Gallery
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Johnnie Walker Red Label
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Johnnie Walker Black Label
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Johnnie Walker Double Black
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Johnnie Walker Swing
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Johnnie Walker Green Label & Green Label 180 Cask
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Johnnie Walker Gold Label Reserve
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Johnnie Walker Gold Label "The Centenary Blend" 18-Year [Pre-2013]
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Johnnie Walker Platinum Label
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Johnnie Walker Blue Label
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The Striding Man advertising image
![Johnnie Walker Gold Label "The Centenary Blend" 18-Year [Pre-2013]](/index.php?title=Special:Upload&wpDestFile=Johnnie_Walker_Gold_Label_18-Year.jpg){kind=link}
