Karaman

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Infobox Turkey place Karaman is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about Template:Convert south of Konya. It is the seat of Karaman Province and Karaman District.<ref name=il>İl Belediyesi Template:Webarchive, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Its population is 175,390 (2022).<ref name=tuik>Template:Cite web</ref> The town lies at an average elevation of Template:Convert. The Karaman Museum is one of the major sights.

File:Karaman Main Station.jpg
Karaman Main Station

Etymology

The town owes its name to Karaman Bey, who was one of the rulers of the Karamanid dynasty. The former name Laranda which in turn comes from the Luwian language Larawanda, literally means "sandy, a sandy place".<ref>Bilge Umar. Türkiye'deki Tarihsel Adlar. İnkılap Kitabevi, 1993. Template:ISBN.</ref>

History

File:Karaman Müze 01.jpg
Karaman Museum.

In ancient times, Karaman was known as Lānda in Hittite and Laranda<ref name=EB1911>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> (Template:Langx). Little is known about the early history of Laranda. The city is first mentioned by name in ancient sources through the writings of Diodorus Siculus. According to him, after Perdiccas and King Philip defeated Ariarathes I of Cappadocia, they departed from Cappadocia and set out to punish the cities of Laranda and Isauria. This was in retaliation, because these cities killed Balacrus, a general appointed by Alexander the Great as satrap of the region. As a result, Laranda was destroyed.<ref>Diodorus Siculus 18.22.1-2</ref> It later became a seat of Isaurian pirates. At one point, it was under the control of Antipater of Derbe, until he was killed by Amyntas of Galatia, who then took over the territories previously ruled by Antipater.<ref>Strabo, Geography, §12.6.3</ref> It belonged to the Roman and later Byzantine Empires until it was captured by the Seljuks in the early 12th century. Karaman was occupied by Frederick Barbarossa in 1190<ref name=EB1911/> and by the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia between 1211 and 1216. In 1256, the town was taken by Karaman Bey and was renamed Karaman in his honour. From 1275, Karaman was the capital of the Karamanid beylik.

In 1468 the Karamanids were conquered by the Ottomans and in 1483 the capital of the province was moved to Konya. Karaman has retained ruins of a Karamanid castle and some walls, two mosques and a Koran school (madrasah) from that age. A mihrab from a mosque from Karaman can now be found in the Çinili Pavilion near the Archeology Museum in Istanbul. The Karamanslis were Cappadocian Turkomans who fought the Ottomans. Later they integrated into the empire.

File:Karaman clocktower 4817 (cropped).jpg
Karaman clocktower

There was a Roman Catholic titular see for the city.<ref>Template:CathEncy</ref> The poet Yunus Emre (Template:Circa) resided in Karaman during his later years and is believed to lie buried beside the Yunus Emre Mosque. A small adjacent park is adorned with quotations from his verse, many of them graffiti-splattered. In 1222, the Sufi preacher Bahaeddin Veled arrived in town with his family, and the Karamanoğlu emir built a madrasah to accommodate them. Veled's son was the famous Rumi, who married his wife, Gevher Hatun, while his family was living in Karaman. It was here, too, that Rumi's mother died in 1224. She was buried, along with other family members, in the Aktekke Mosque (also known as the Mader-i Mevlana Cami), which Alaeddin Ali Bey had built to replace the original madrasah in 1370.<ref>Template:Cite web, todayszaman.com</ref>

When Thomas Jefferson fought Libya's Barbary pirates, he replaced one member of the al-Qaramanli dynasty with another as Pasha.

Notable people

Karamanlis

The bearers of the Greek name Karamanlis as well as other surnames beginning with "Karaman" are a toponymic surname for the town.

Climate

Karaman has a cold semi-arid climate under Köppen climate classification (BSk) and a humid continental climate under the Trewartha climate classification (Dc), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. Karaman is generally very sunny, with almost 3000 hours of sunshine per year.

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Mayors of Karaman

See also

References

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