Karmanasa River
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The Karamnasa or Karmanasa River (Template:Langx) is a tributary of the Ganges. It originates in Kaimur district of Bihar and flows through the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Along the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar it has the districts of Sonbhadra, Chandauli, Varanasi and Ghazipur on its left (UP side); and the districts of Kaimur and Buxar on its right (Bihar side).<ref name=kaimur>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=history>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Disambiguation
Karmanasa is also the name of a river in the Garhwal Himalayas.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Etymology
The name of the river means "destroyer of religious merit". There are several legends about it.<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref>
According to one legend, the sage Vishvamitra through tapasya (penance, meditation and correct practices) acquired the power to create a whole new universe. When he set out to create a new universe it aroused consternation in Indra. However, he continued and after creating a copy of our universe, he started creating people, the first being Trishanku whom he decided to send up to rule his new universe. Indra stopped his progress. That is how Trishanku ended up suspended head down in mid-air. The Karmanasa was born out of the saliva dripping from his mouth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Course
The Karmanasa originates at a height of Template:Convert on the northern face of Kaimur Range near Sarodag in Kaimur district of Bihar.<ref name=kaimur/><ref name=jain>Template:Cite book</ref> It flows in a north-westerly direction through the plains of Mirzapur, then forms the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and finally joins the Ganges near Village Bara (East Side) Ghazipur Uttar Pradesh and Chausa (Bihar). The length of the river is Template:Convert, out of which Template:Convert lies in Uttar Pradesh and the rest Template:Convert forms the boundary between Uttar Pradesh (Bara-Ghazipur) and Bihar (Chausa). Total drainage area of the Karmnasa along with its tributaries is Template:Convert.<ref name=jain/>
Tributaries
Its tributaries are the Durgavati, the Chandraprabha, the Karunuti, the Nadi, the Goriya and the Khajuri.<ref name=jain/>
Waterfalls
The Karmanasa reaches the plains by a succession of leaps, including three falls known as the Karkatgarh,Devdari and the Chhanpathar, which, from their height and beauty, are deserving of special notice.<ref name=hunter>Template:Cite web</ref> Chhanpathar Falls is Template:Convert high.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Devdari Falls, at an edge of the Rohtas Plateau, along the course of the Karmanasa is Template:Convert high.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> However, Chandauli district administration mentions Devdari Fall as being on the Chandraprabha River.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Dams and bridges
There are two dams across the Karmanasa – the Latif Shah bund and the Nuagarh dam. There also is a dam across the Chandraprabha.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Grand Trunk Road passes over a bridge on the Karmanasa.<ref>Sir John Houlton, Bihar, the Heart of India, p. 180, Orient Longmans, 1949</ref>
Archaeology
UP State Archaeology department under the direction of Rakesh Tewari, excavations has unearthed iron artifacts dated between 1200 – 1300 BC at Raja Nal Ka Tila site in Karmanasa river valley of north Sonebhadra. It throws new light on the history of iron-making in India.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
History
The Karmnasa was the western boundary of the Sena dynasty.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
At the Battle of Chausa, situated on the banks of the Karmanasa, on 26 June 1539, Sher Shah defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun and assumed the royal title of Farīd al-Dīn Shēr Shah.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
See also
References
External links
Template:Rivers in Bihar Template:Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh