Kratié province
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}}Template:Main other{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:ParameterCount|main|mapframe|image_map|image_map1|pushpin_map}} >2 |Template:Main other}} Template:Contains special characters
Kratié (Template:Langx, Template:Transliteration {{#invoke:IPA|main}}), alternatively spelled Kracheh, is a province of Cambodia located in the northeast. It borders Stung Treng to the north, Mondulkiri to the east, Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham to the west, and Tboung Khmum, and the country of Vietnam to the south.
The province’s capital is the town of Kratié located within the Kratié Municipality.
Name
"Kratié" is the French spelling derived from the Khmer {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Krâchéh ([krɑːceh]).
History
The area now known as Kratié was part of the early first millennium Kingdom of Funan until Funan itself was superseded and absorbed in the 6th century by Chenla. Sampheak Borak, the former Royal Capital during the Chenla Era, is located in Sambo District.Template:Citation needed In addition, Kratié has Vihear Sasar Muayroy Pagoda built in the 16th century. This pagoda is related to a Khmer legend Krapeur Nen Thun (Venerable Monk Thun, the Crocodile). Kratié has several temples built in the 8th century such as Khvas Pi, Pram, and Koh Kring that has perfect deities, ancient halls, Khmer ancient houses, and French-style buildings. The area near Kratié along the Mekong River was one of the most densely populated regions of the pre-Angkorian era of Cambodia.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Lon Nol was the province's governor in 1945.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> During the Vietnam and Cambodian Civil Wars and the subsequent Vietnamese presence against Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, intense fighting took place in Kratié.<ref name="kampi" /> Operation Menu, the 1969-1970 United States bombing campaign targeting Vietnamese supply routes and bases in Cambodia and Laos, resulted in heavy bombardment of Kratié.<ref name=kampi/><ref name="ch5">Template:Citation</ref> Recovering unexploded ordnance and de-mining has been a major initiative since at least the mid-2000s.<ref name="kampi">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On December 30, 1978, Vietnamese forces captured Kratié to fight against Khmer Rouge.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Geography
The Mekong River flows from the north to the south of the province; approximately 140 km of the river is located in Kratié.<ref name="geography" /> The river is home to Irrawaddy dolphins, fish, and birds.<ref name="geography" /> The flow of the Mekong River at Kratié town varies greatly.<ref>Murdiyarso, D. "Water resources management policy responses to land cover change in South East Asian river basins". Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics: Past, Present and Future (M. Bonell & L.A. Bruijnzeel, editors). Cambridge University Press (2005), p. 124. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> There are hundreds of seasonally flooded islands in the river.<ref name="geography" /> As of 2007, the Cambodian government planned to build a dam on the Mekong River near Kratié town.<ref>http://www.terraper.org/articles/Sambor-TERRA%20Sept07.pdfTemplate:Dead link</ref> The province also contains many forests, the Phnom Pram Poan mountain range, Phnom Prech, and rubber plantations.<ref name="geography" /> Eastern Kratié is an important bird area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The province is mostly covered in dense forest.<ref name="geography2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Craters from Operation Menu bombings during the Vietnam War, some of which are filled with water, are still visible in the countryside.<ref name="geography2" /> Some land in Kratié is used for agriculture, though a smaller percentage than elsewhere in Cambodia.<ref name="geography2" />
The province has a monsoonal climate, with a cool season from November to March, a hot season from March to May, and a rainy season from May to October.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Flooding is frequent in Kratié; the Mekong may overflow by as much as 4 m during the rainy season.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Kratié is known for its attractive riverside scenery and its green villages and paddies, and the river dolphins.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Kratié's fisheries are part of the Upper Mekong River Zone, which is important support for migratory species and subsistence fishing but does not play a major role in commercial fishing.<ref name="fish">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Forests in Kratié tend to be open and less dense than elsewhere in Cambodia; they are generally made up of deciduous trees that lose their leaves during the dry season.<ref name="fish" />
Government
Sar Cham Rong is the governor of Kratié province and Hoeu Sidem is the deputy governor. In the 2007 commune council elections, the vast majority of seats went to members of the Cambodian People's Party.<ref name=election>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Women make up 17.4% of commune council members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2005, Kratié received 1.69 billion riel from the commune/sangkat fund, of which development funds were 1.20 billion riel and funds for administration were 0.49 billion riel.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Economy and transportation
Rice cropping plays an important role in the provincial economy
Most Kratié residents are subsistence farmers or fishers.<ref name="part1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 78% of residents are employed in agriculture.<ref name=land/> Thirty percent of Kratié households live on less than US$1 per day; the province's poverty rate of 32% is somewhat lower than the national average of 39%.<ref name="part1" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some gold mining occurs in Kratié.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Most soil in Kratié is poor; the province primarily grows perennial industrial crops like rubber.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kratié has the potential to be an ecotourism destination.<ref>p. 70 Template:Webarchive</ref> Kratié's road system is poorly developed.<ref name="part1"/> As of 1998, the average household possessed 0.48 hectares of agricultural land, and 37% were landless.<ref name="land">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Social issues
Land concessions often cover land customarily owned or used by people in Kratié province.<ref>Stidsen, Stille (editor). The Indigenous World 2007. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (2007), p. 347. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>Stidsen, The Indigenous World 2007, p. 349.</ref> In 2004, community land organizers were threatened by the military after they confiscated chainsaws used for illegal logging.<ref>Human Rights Watch World Report 2005. Human Rights Watch (2005), p. 259. Template:ISBN.</ref> An indigenous people's organization is active in Kratié province.<ref>Stidsen, The Indigenous World 2007, p. 353.</ref>
Health, education, and development
Schistosomiasis is a problem in Kratié province.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref> The incidence of malaria and dengue fever rose sharply in the mid-2000s; this increase has been attributed to changes in climate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Malaria is hyperendemic in Kratié's forests.<ref name="part1" /> The provincial infant mortality rate of 97/1,000 and child mortality rate of 80/1,000 are significantly higher than the national average (68/1,000 and 53/1,000, respectively).<ref name="part1" />
Kratié is one of the poorest provinces in Cambodia but, in 2015, was ranked fifth in the nation for the high-school exam pass rate.<ref name=Downs>Template:Cite news</ref> Schools struggle to attract teachers to the poor and overwhelmingly rural province. Teachers are sent to the province from Phnom Penh, the nation's capital, but they are new teachers who see an opportunity to pass a teacher's exam that is less rigorous in remote areas. These new teachers rarely stay more than a year or two due to the low pay, leaving local officials having to do without and students often having to continue studies by themselves.<ref name=Downs />
Demographics
There is a substantial Vietnamese minority in Kratié province.<ref>Jordens, Jay. "Persecution of Cambodia's ethnic Vietnamese communities during and since the UNTAC period". Propaganda, Politics, and Violence in Cambodia (Steve Heder & Judy Ledgerwood, editors). M.E. Sharpe (1995), p. 136. Template:ISBN.</ref> Kratié is home to seven indigenous groups: Bunong, Kouy, Mil, Khonh, Kraol, Steang, and Thamoun.<ref name="geography">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ch2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Approximately 70% of the province's residents live along the Mekong River;<ref name="geography" /> the area beyond the river is sparsely populated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Approximately 8% of Kratié's population is indigenous; it is one of four provinces with a substantial indigenous population.<ref name="ch2" /> 70% of the population is rural.<ref name="land" />
Religion
The state religion is Theravada Buddhism. More than 93.1% of the people in Kratié province are Buddhists. About 6.6% population of Kratié province follow Islam followed by Chams. Christianity is followed by 0.2% in the province, while Animism or other religions followed by 0.1%.
Administrative subdivisions
Kratié province is subdivided into 6 districts (srok) and 1 municipality (krong), further divided into 47 communes (khum).
| ISO code | Name | Khmer | Population | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10-01 | Chhloung | lang}} | 50,407<ref name="National Institute of Statistics">Template:Cite book</ref> | |
| 10-02 | Kratié | lang}} | 79,123<ref name="National Institute of Statistics"/> | |
| 10-03 | Preaek Prasab | lang}} | 56,757<ref name="National Institute of Statistics"/> | |
| 10-04 | Sambour | lang}} | 41,732<ref name="National Institute of Statistics"/> | |
| 10-05 | Snuol | lang}} | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| 10-06 | Chetr Borei | lang}} | ||
| 10-07 | O'Kreang Senchey | lang}} |
1 district Preaek Prasab in west Mekong River
References
External links
- Official provincial website (English version)
- District, commune, and village listing
- Kratie provincial resources
- Kratie map
- Official tourism website
- Info for ecotourism along the Mekong
- Template:Wikivoyage inline
Template:Geographic location Template:KratieProvince {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Portal bar