Kruševac

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Template:Use dmy dates Template:EngvarB Template:Infobox settlement Kruševac (Template:Lang-sr-Cyrl, Template:IPA) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area has a population of 113,582 while the urban area has 68,119 inhabitants.

The city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371–1389), who used it as his seat.

Etymology

The etymology is derived from the Serbian word for "river stone", krušac which was largely used for a building at that time.

History

Kruševac was founded in 1371, as a fortified town in the possession of Lord Lazar Hrebeljanović. The Lazarica Church (or Church of St, Stephen) was built by Lazar between 1375 and 1378, in the Morava architectural style.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is mentioned in one of Lazar's edicts in 1387, as his seat, when he affirmed the rights of Venetian merchants on Serbian territory. In preparation for the Battle of Kosovo (1389) against the Ottoman Empire, the Serbian army assembled in the city. The site of Lazar's palace is marked by a ruined enclosure containing a fragment of the tower of his spouse Princess Milica, and, according to legend, tidings of the defeat were brought to her by crows from the battlefield.<ref name="EB1911">{{#if: | 

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  }}{{#ifeq:  ||}}</ref> After the battle, the city was held by Princess Milica as her seat. The little that remains of Lazar's city is the Kruševac Fortress, which was declared a Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in 1979.<ref name=SANU>Template:CHS-SANU</ref> Several old Ottoman houses were left at the beginning of the 20th century, besides an old Turkish fountain and bath,<ref name="EB1911"/> which was known as Alacahisar (Aladža Hisar) during Ottoman rule between 1427 and 1833 (nominally to 1867) when Kruševac was the seat of the Sanjak of Kruševac. The Ottoman rule was interrupted during Austrian occupations between 1688–1690 and 1717–1739.Template:Citation needed

A large monument dedicated to Serbs fallen at the Battle of Kosovo was sculpted by Đorđe Jovanović and unveiled by King Petar I Karađorđević of Serbia in 1904. A detail on the monument, among others, is a statue of the famous blind Serbian poet Filip Višnjić.

At the beginning of the German occupation of Yugoslavia the units of Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland commanded by Dragutin Keserović and supported by one detachment of communists attacked the German garrison in September 1941 but failed to liberate the town after four days battle. During World War II mass executions of patriots and antifascists occurred on hill Bagdala. Largest execution was in summer of 1943. At place of executions now is a monument named Slobodište (from the Serbian word "sloboda", which means 'freedom'). Kruševac was liberated on 14 October when Chetniks and Germans left the city together. After the regime of communists in Serbia ended the Government of Serbia and its Ministry of Justice established the commission to research atrocities that were committed by members of the Yugoslav Partisan Movement after they gained control over Serbia in Autumn 1944. According to the report of this commission, out of 55,554 registered victims of communist purges in Serbia the new communist regime in Kruševac killed 493 people while 11 people are missing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Kruševac progressed profusely during the SFRY. A large number of factories were built in that era, while Kruševac became one of the strongest industrial centres in both Serbia and Yugoslavia. The machine factory IMK 14. oktobar Kruševac employed around 7,000 workers.

However, the large Kruševac industry hasn't survived the post-Milošević transition. In 2002 alone 5 factories went bankrupt.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Unreliable source? From 2002 to 2014 27 factories closed and around 11,000 workers lost their jobs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The unemployment rate in Kruševac was almost 39% in 2015.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Unreliable source?

Settlements

Aside from the urban area of Kruševac, the city administrative area includes the following 100 settlements: Template:Div col

Template:Col div end

Demographics

Template:Historical populationsAccording to the 2022 census results, the municipality of Kruševac has a total population of 113,582 inhabitants, while the city proper has a population of 53,746.

Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of the city administrative area(at least 100 people):

Ethnic group Population %
Serbs 106,194 90.85%
Roma 2,063 1.82%
Yugoslavs 171 0.15%
Macedonians 129 0.11%
Montenegrins 119 0.11%
Others 1,391 1.23%
Unknown 3,515 3.1%
Total 113,582 100%

Economy

The most notable large companies based in the city of Kruševac are: Trayal Corporation, 14. oktobar, Rubin and Cooper Tire & Rubber Company Serbia. As of September 2017, Kruševac has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia.<ref name="srbeconomiczone2017">Template:Cite news</ref>

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):<ref name="stats2023">Template:Cite web</ref>

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 359
Mining and quarrying 29
Manufacturing 10,245
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 427
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 609
Construction 2,138
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 5,390
Transportation and storage 1,455
Accommodation and food services 1,204
Information and communication 403
Financial and insurance activities 581
Real estate activities 228
Professional, scientific and technical activities 1,240
Administrative and support service activities 821
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 1,736
Education 2,289
Human health and social work activities 3,821
Arts, entertainment and recreation 593
Other service activities 594
Individual agricultural workers 1,464
Total 35,629

Politics

Seats in the city parliament won in the 2023 local elections:

Party Seats
Serbian Progressive Party 42
Serbia Against Violence 18
Socialist Party of Serbia 5
NADA 3
National Gathering 2

Sports

The city's main football club is FK Napredak Kruševac, who regularly play in the Serbian SuperLiga.

Climate

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Famous residents

International relations

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Twin towns – Sister cities

Kruševac is twinned with:

Other forms of co-operation and city friendship similar to the twin/sister city programmes:

  • Women selling poultry at the market, 1913
    Women selling poultry at the market, 1913
  • Belfry
    Belfry
  • Middle Ages era ruins in Kruševac
    Middle Ages era ruins in Kruševac
  • Lazar Hrebeljanović's statue in Kruševac
    Lazar Hrebeljanović's statue in Kruševac
  • Filip Višnjić's statue in Kruševac
    Filip Višnjić's statue in Kruševac
  • Kneginja Milica's statue
    Kneginja Milica's statue
  • The Kosovo Heroes Square
    The Kosovo Heroes Square
  • The Kosovo Heroes Square
    The Kosovo Heroes Square
  • Kruševac panorama
    Kruševac panorama
  • Town hall
    Town hall
  • Gymnasium and the city museum
    Gymnasium and the city museum
  • Main train station in the town
    Main train station in the town

See also

References

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Template:Rasina District Template:Municipalities of Serbia Template:Historical capitals of Serbia Template:Authority control

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