Kushiro

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Template:Use mdy dates Template:About Template:Expand Japanese Template:Infobox settlement

Template:Nihongo is a city in Kushiro Subprefecture on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. Located along the coast of the North Pacific Ocean, it serves as the subprefecture's capital and it is the most populated city in the eastern part of the island.

History

An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Kushiro as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.<ref>US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.</ref>

Kushiro had been an important port because it is more reliably ice-free during winter than alternative Russian Far East warm-water ports such as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky or other ports in Hokkaido such as Hakodate, which occasionally freeze for short periods due to the lower salinity of the Sea of Japan. For this reason, Kushiro was considered a valuable target for the Tsars during the Russo-Japanese Wars. Its importance grew during the 1920s with the growth of commercial fishing, for which its reliable freedom from ice reduced costs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In addition to its port, Kushiro is serviced by Kushiro Airport with flights from Honshu and by the Ōzora limited express train service, which runs six times per day to the main population centres in the west of Hokkaido.

In July 1945 the city of Kushiro was bombed by American naval aircraft; hundreds of people, mostly civilians, were killed.<ref name="Asahi Shimbun">Template:Cite web</ref> Following the Invasion of the Kuril Islands in August 1945, Kushiro was favoured by the Russians as the eastern cornerstone of a border between an American-occupied south and a Soviet-occupied north-coupled with Rumoi as the western cornerstone. However, these plans were cancelled after pressure by US President Harry S. Truman.<ref>Holloway, David, ‘Jockeying for Position in the Postwar World: Soviet Entry into the War with Japan in August 1945’, in The End of the Pacific War: Reappraisals, ed. by Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007), pp. 145-188 (pp. 178-179).</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On October 11, 2005, the town of Akan, from Akan District, and the town of Onbetsu, from Shiranuka District, was merged into Kushiro. The town of Shiranuka now lies between the two sections of Kushiro.

In 2008, the city had an estimated population of 189,539 and a total area of Template:Convert, giving a population density of 140 persons per km2 (363 persons per sq. mi.).

Kushiro was one of the many Japanese cities to receive a Peace Pagoda. Built by the monks and nuns of the Buddhist order Nipponzan Myohoji, it was inaugurated in 1959.

Kushiro was accorded city status on August 1, 1922. It is the sister city of Burnaby, British Columbia; Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; and Kholmsk, Russia.<ref>Russian presence in Japan Template:Webarchive</ref>

  • 1869: Kusuri becomes Kushiro.
  • 1900: Kushiro becomes a First Class Municipality as Kushiro Town.
  • 1920: Kushiro Town becomes Kushiro-ku. Kushiro Village (now Town) splits off.
  • 1922: Kushiro-ku becomes Kushiro City.
  • 1949: Tottori-cho was merged into Kushiro City.
  • 2005: The old city of Kushiro City, Akan Town, and Onbetsu Town merged was expanded city of Kushiro City.

Geography

Template:Stack

Mountains

Rivers

Lakes

  • Lake Akan
  • Lake Harutori
  • Lake Panketō
  • Lake Penketō
  • Lake Shunkushitakara

National parks

Climate

Kushiro has a humid continental climate (Dfb) but its winter temperatures are less severe than those of inland East Asia at the same latitude. Its port is the most reliably ice-free throughout winter in all of Hokkaido, due to the lack of indentation in the coastline and absence of large inflows of cold fresh water nearby. It is also markedly sunnier than the extremely gloomy Kuril Islands to its north, being sheltered by Hokkaido's mountains from the heavy snowfalls produced on the Sea of Japan side by the Aleutian Low. It receives only a third as much snowfall as Sapporo and almost twice as much sunshine as the Kuril Islands are estimated to. Its daytime summer temperatures are noticeably cooler than in the interior, sheltered coastal areas and the south coast of Hokkaido. Template:Weather box Template:Weather box Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. See or edit raw graph data.

Education

Universities

National

Public

Colleges

National

Private

High schools

Public

  • Hokkaido Akan High School (Municipal)
  • Hokkaido Kushiro Commercial High School
  • Hokkaido Kushiro Hokuyo High School
  • Hokkaido Kushiro Konan High School
  • Hokkaido Kushiro Koryo High School
  • Hokkaido Kushiro Meiki High School
  • Hokkaido Kushiro Technical High School

Private

  • Bushukan High School
  • Ikegami Gakuen High School, Kushiro Campus

Transportation

Airways

Airport

Railways

Conventional lines

Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaidō)
Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight)
Taiheiyō Coal Services

Roads

Expressways

Japan National Route

Bus

Local bus

Operates both city, suburban, and intercity routes

Seaways

Seaport

  • Port of Kushiro

Sightseeing

Local attractions

Culture

Kushiro Ice Arena
File:Rin-chan.png
Rin-chan, the city's mascot

Sports

Ice hockey

Ice hockey is one of the most popular winter sports in Kushiro. In addition to several leagues devoted to amateur play of all ages, Kushiro is home to the Asia League Ice Hockey Nippon Paper Cranes, three time Asia League Champions.

Kushiro and many other cities are interested in hosting bandy teams.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On January 8, 2017, the township of Akan hosted the first national championship,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> although the size of the field was a smaller version than the official rules for a bandy field. In January 2018, the first championship on a full-sized field took place in Shintoku, with participation from three teams, including FACEOFF Kushiro.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The national team for women is based in Kushiro and made its World Championship debut in 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Kushiro Ice Arena is the city's biggest stadion for ice hockey, figure skating and shorttrack.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Speed skating

The Yanagimachi Speed Skating Rink hosted the 2003 World Junior Speed Skating Championships and several Japanese Championships. It has an asphalt inline speed skating track on the middle field.

Mascot

Kushiro's mascot is Template:Nihongo. She is a gentiana triflora flower (though she represents all flowers) from Onbetsu. Her favourite drink is milk.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

External relations

Kushiro Tourism and International Relations Center

Sister cities

Template:Main

International

Sister cities
City Country State since
Burnaby Template:Flagicon Canada British Columbia 1965
Kholmsk Template:Flagicon Russia Sakhalin Oblast 1975
Partner cities
City Country State since
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Template:Flagicon Russia Kamchatka Krai 1998

Domestic

Sister cities
City Prefecture region since
Yuzawa Template:Flagicon Akita Tōhoku region October 4, 1963
Tottori Template:Flagicon Tottori Chūgoku region October 4, 1963
Okayama Template:Flagicon Okayama Chūgoku region October 9, 1980
Partner cities
City Prefecture region since
Yachiyo Template:Flagicon Chiba Kantō region 1982
Izumi Template:Flagicon Kagoshima Kyushu region August 22, 1989
Tsuru Template:Flagicon Yamanashi Chūbu region September 1, 1992
Naka (Naka District) Template:Flagicon Tokushima Shikoku region September 2, 2006

Sister ports

Port of Kushiro's sister ports are:

Notable people

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Commons category

Template:Hokkaido Template:Authority control

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