Lai Man-Wai
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Lai Man-wai (Template:Zh; September 25, 1893 – October 26, 1953), also romanised as Lay Min-wei or M.W. Ray, considered the "Father of Hong Kong Cinema", was the director of the first Hong Kong film Zhuangzi Tests His Wife in 1913. In the film, Lai played the role of the wife, partly due to the reluctance of women to participate in show business at the time.
Born in Yokohama, Japan, of Xinhui, Guangdong origin and raised in Hong Kong, he joined Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang party in 1911 and helped make anti-warlord movies.
Biography
Lai was born in 1893 in Yokohama, Japan to Chinese parents.<ref name=":Qian">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp He grew up in Hong Kong.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp Liu's earliest exposure to cinema was watching a newsreel from the Russo-Japanese War.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp
In 1913, Lai founded a drama troupe in Hong Kong.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp He collaborated with Ukrainian-American filmmaker Benjamin Brodsky in the production of two short fiction films.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp
Lai was a member of Sun Yat-sen's Revolutionary Alliance.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp
In 1921, Lai founded a film exhibition company.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp In 1922, he founded the production company Minxin.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp Because Lai believed that cinema in China should serve the country's revolution and modernization, Minxin's early productions focused on documentaries dealing with educational, current affairs, and cultural topics.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp In 1925, Lai relocated Minxin from Hong Kong to Shanghai.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp
Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang became a major focus of Minxin's films.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp Lai recorded Sun's public announcement of the Northern Expedition, and documented Chiang Kai-shek's consolidation of power after Sun's death, including filming the progress of the Northern Expedition.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp Initially, Minxin released film from this period as news reels.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp Later, Lai compiled footage into an eighty-minute film which the KMT branch in Shanghai approved as the only long format film for party propaganda, making the film one of the earliest party films in China.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp
Prior to Chiang's anti-communist purge, Lai maintained strong political relationships with both anti-communists and communists.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp He continued working across the political spectrum thereafter.<ref name=":Qian" />Template:Rp
In 1930, he co-founded one of the "Big Three" studios of the 1930s, Lianhua Film Company, with Lo Ming-yau. Lianhua, together with other leading Shanghai studios, was destroyed when the Empire of Japan attacked Shanghai in 1937. Lai returned to Hong Kong in 1938 and retired.
He was married to Lim Cho-cho, a Canada-born actress. His daughter Lai Suen and granddaughter Gigi Lai are both actresses.
Memory
His story was documented in Lai Man-wai: Father of Hong Kong Cinema by Choi Kai-kwong in 2001.
Lai Man-wai is portrayed in Stanley Kwan's 1991 biopic of actress Ruan Lingyu, Center Stage by Hong Kong actor, Waise Lee.
Partial filmography
- Zhuangzi Tests His Wife (1913)
- Romance of the Western Chamber (1927) directed with Hou Yao
- The Battle of Shanghai (1937)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- A Page of History (1941). Documentary. Lai Man-wai followed Sun Yat-sen during the 1920s.<ref>Hong Kong Film Archive: "From Revolution to War"</ref><ref>"HK Film Archive's "100 Must-See Hong Kong Movies" to screen historically significant films"</ref>
References
Further reading
External links
- His Origins in Xinhui - https://www.southcn.com/news/gdnews/sh/hrjnh/fyrw/200409020627.htm
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