List of German Jews

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates The first Jewish population in the region to be later known as Germany came with the Romans to the city now known as Cologne. A "Golden Age" in the first millennium saw the emergence of the Ashkenazi Jews, while the persecution and expulsion that followed the Crusades led to the creation of Yiddish and an overall shift eastwards. A change of status in the late Renaissance Era, combined with the Jewish Enlightenment, the Haskalah, meant that by the 1920s Germany had one of the most integrated Jewish populations in Europe, contributing prominently to German culture and society. During The Holocaust many Jews fled Germany to other countries for refuge, and the majority of the remaining population were killed.

The following is a list of some famous Jews (by religion or descent) from Germany proper.

Historical figures

Politicians

• Ludwig Bamberger, politician<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
• Daniel Cohn-Bendit, member of European Parliament, student leader in 1968<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Eisner, Bavarian prime minister<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Template:Ill, Mayor of Berlin from 1931 to 1933, (converted to Christianity)
• Heinrich von Friedberg, jurist, statesman (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Karl Rudolf Friedenthal, Prussian politician (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Clement Freud, German-born British MP<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Rudolf Hilferding, Finance Minister in 1923 and from 1928 to 1929<ref name="BDDE">Malcolm Charles Sawyer, Philip Arestis, A Biographical Dictionary of Dissenting Economists.</ref>
• Alex Himelfarb, ambassador<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of West Germany (1974–1982)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Henry Kissinger, U.S. Secretary of State, Nobel Prize (1973)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Landmann, mayor of Frankfurt/Main<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eduard Lasker, co-founder of the National Liberal Party<ref>Eduard Lasker: Ein Leben für den Rechtsstaat by Adolf Laufs, German Studies Review, Vol. 9, No. 3. (Oct., 1986), pp. 651–652</ref>
• Eugen Leviné, Bavarian prime minister<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin, Member of parliament, Green party, Feminist party<ref>Germany's Greens and Israel: "The Theme is too Much" by Diana Johnstone, MERIP Middle East Report, No. 149, Human Rights in the Middle East. (Nov-Dec 1987), pp. 44–45</ref>
• Eduard von Simson, President of the Reichstag, President of the Reichsgericht<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Walther Rathenau, Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic<ref>Walther Rathenau: Industrialist, Banker, Intellectual, and Politician; Notes and Diaries 1907–1922 by Von Strandmann</ref>
• Herbert Weichmann, Mayor of Hamburg 1965–1971, president of the German Bundesrat (Federal upper house)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Marina Weisband, Ukrainian-born former Pirate Party Germany politician
• Walter Wolfgang, German-born politician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Activists

• Hedwig Dohm-Schleh, feminist, author<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Nahum Goldmann, president of World Jewish Congress<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Charlotte Knobloch (born 1932), community leader.
• Amalie Nacken (1855–1940), Munich-based philanthropist
• Josel of Rosheim, court Jew and Jewish advocate<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</ref>
• Paul Spiegel, leader of the Central Council of Jews in Germany<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Sidonie Werner (1860–1932), women's rights activist

Religious figures

Rabbis

• Aaron ben Benjamin Wolf, Chief Rabbi of Berlin (1709)
• Isaac Bernays, Chief Rabbi of Hamburg (1830s), teacher of S. R. Hirsch
• Aaron Moses ben Mordecai of East Prussia
• Abraham Auerbach (mid 1700s – 3 November 1846), Alsatian-born rabbi and liturgical poet. Fled France for Germany after imprisonment during the Reign of Terror.
• Ahron Daum, Chief Rabbi of Frankfurt am Main
• Jacob Ettlinger, Major Torah scholar, author of Aruch LaNer
• Abraham Geiger, founding father of Reform Judaism
• Samson Raphael Hirsch, intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism<ref name=Klugman>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Immanuel Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi of Great Britain <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Elijah Loans, rabbi of Fulda, Hanau, Friedberg, and Worms
• Template:Ill, rabbi of Regensburg
• Leopold Zunz (10 August 1794 – 17 March 1886), founder of academic Jewish studies

Reform

• Levi Herzfeld, 19th-century proponent of moderate reform <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Other

• Ridley Haim Herschell, missionary<ref>Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Prussian Poland of Jewish parents"</ref>
• Joseph Wolff, missionary<ref>Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents"</ref>

Scientific figures

Natural scientists

• Adolf von Baeyer, industrial chemist, Nobel Prize (1905) (Jewish mother)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Norbert Berkowitz, physicist<ref>http://www.edukits.ca/multiculturalism/student/immigration_jewish.html Template:Dead link</ref>
• Hans Bethe, nuclear physics, Nobel Prize (1967)<ref>David Brand (March 10, 2005) Hans Bethe, titan of physics and conscience of science, dies at 98 news.cornell.edu</ref> (Jewish mother)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Sir Walter Bodmer, medical researcher<ref>Radio National Australia interview with Sir Walter Template:Webarchive: "I'm half Ashkenazy Jewish myself" Accessed 21 Feb 2007</ref>
• Max Born, quantum mechanics, Nobel Prize (1954) (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Heinrich Caro, industrial chemist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Nikodem Caro, industrial chemist<ref>The Evonik History Portal – The History of Evonik Industries</ref>
• Albert Einstein, theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1921)<ref>Shlichim (Israeli Emissaries) | The Jewish Agency for Israel Template:Webarchive</ref>
• Erwin Finlay-Freundlich, astronomer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• James Franck, quantum physics, Nobel Prize (1925)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Adolph Frank, industrial chemist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Herbert Fröhlich, physicist<ref>Template:Cite web Template:Dead link</ref>
• Eugen Glueckauf, chemist, expert on atomic energyTemplate:Citation needed
• Hans Goldschmidt, industrial chemist<ref name=autogenerated3>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Fritz Haber, developed the Haber process, Nobel Prize (1918)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Walter Heitler, chemist<ref name=autogenerated3 />
• Arthur Korn, physicist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernst Ising, statistical mechanics<ref>http://www.physik.tu-dresden.de/itp/members/kobe/isingcor.ps Template:Bare URL inline</ref>
• Albert Ladenburg, chemist<ref>Dr. Leopold Ladenburg: "Stammtafel der Familie Ladenburg", Verlag J. Ph. Walther, Mannheim 1882</ref>
• Fritz London, quantum mechanics<ref>Fritz London: A Scientific Biography by Kostas Gavroglu</ref>
• Leonard Mandel, quantum optics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Mendelssohn, German-born British medical physicist<ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492</ref>
• Viktor Meyer, organic chemist (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Leonor Michaelis, biochemist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Albert A. Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907) (Jewish father)<ref>The master of light;: A biography of Albert A. Michelson by Dorothy Michelson Livingston, 1973</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Mond, chemist and industrialist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Sir Rudolf Peierls, solid state theory<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of CMB, Nobel Prize (1978)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Alfred Philippson, geologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• John Charles Polanyi, chemist, Nobel Prize (born Berlin) <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernst Pringsheim, spectrometry, black-body radiation<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Michael Rossmann, physicist and microbiologist (Jewish mother)<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
• Rudolf Schoenheimer, biochemist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Arthur Schuster, spectroscopistTemplate:Citation needed
• Karl Schwarzschild, physicist and astronomer (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Franz Simon, physicist, separation of Uranium 235<ref>(Encyclopaedia Judaica, 14:1578)</ref>
• Jack Steinberger, particle physics, Nobel Prize (1988)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Otto Stern, experimental physicist, Nobel Prize (1943)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Moritz Traube, biochemist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Wilhelm Traube, chemist, caffeine/purine synthesis
• Otto Wallach, chemist, Nobel Prize (1910) (converted to Christianity)<ref>British Jewish Year Book 2005 p. 215 (list of Jewish Nobel Prize winners); Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Wallach, Otto"; [1]; however, Otto Wallach 1847–1931. Chemiker und Nobelpreisträger by Gunther Beer, Pg 11 disagrees</ref>
• Richard Willstätter, chemist, Nobel Prize (1915)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Physicians and medical researchers

• Alfred Bielschowsky, ophthalmologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Max Bielschowsky, neuropathologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Konrad Bloch, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1964)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Marcus Elieser Bloch, physician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Gustav Born, professor of pharmacology<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Edith Bulbring, professor of pharmacy (Jewish mother)<ref>http://hardy.amnesty.org.uk/images/ul/f/famous_refugees_2.pdf Template:Dead link</ref>
• Sir Ernst Chain, developed penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945)<ref name="Profile">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ferdinand Cohn, pioneer in microbiology<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, pathologist<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Paul Ehrlich, developed magic bullet concept, Nobel Prize (1908)<ref>The Israel Chemical Society</ref>
• Arthur Eichengrün, possible inventor of aspirin<ref name="Goldberg">Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Wilhelm Feldberg, biologistTemplate:Citation needed
• Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, biochemist<ref name=autogenerated1>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Hermann Friedberg, physician<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch, geneticist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernst Gräfenberg, obstetrician, the intrauterine device, the G-spot<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Martin Gumpert, physician, writer<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, physician (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Sir Bernard Katz, biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Kornberg, biochemist researcher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Kosterlitz, discovered endorphins<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Rudolph Lennhoff, developed the open air cure for tuberculosis<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>
• Fritz Lipmann, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Jacques Loeb, physiologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Otto Loewi, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1936)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Elisabeth Mann, biologist (Jewish mother)<ref>http://www.picture-newsletter.com/thomas-mann/index.htm Template:Webarchive "he married Katia Pringsheim, daughter of a well-known Jewish family of intellectuals. They had six children: Klaus, Erika, Golo, Monika, Elisabeth and Michael"</ref>
• Otto Meyerhof, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1922) (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Oskar Minkowski, physiologist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Albert Neisser, physician, discovered the cause of gonorrhea (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Emin Pasha, physician, naturalist, explorer<ref>http://www.ghil.ac.uk/Abstract_Zimmerer.pdf Template:Dead link</ref>
• Ludwig Pick, pathologist. Pioneering research on pheochromocytoma.
• Nathanael Pringsheim, botanist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Ottomar Rosenbach, physician<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Moritz Heinrich Romberg, physician, innovative author in neuroscience<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Karl Stern, Canadian neurologist, psychiatrist, author
• Rahel Straus (1880–1963), medical doctor and feminist
• Ludwig Traube (1818–1876), medical doctor, introduced regular tracking of vital signs (respiration, temperature, pulse)
• Moshe Wallach, founder and director, Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem<ref>Template:Cite Tidhar</ref>
• Carl Warburg, doctor of medicine and clinical pharmacologist.<ref>Friedenwald, H. (1946), Jewish Luminaries in Medical History</ref>
• Otto Heinrich Warburg, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1931) (Jewish father)<ref name=autogenerated1 />
• Karl Weigert, pathologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Mathematicians

• Felix Bernstein, set theory (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Maurice Block, statistician<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref>
• Richard Brauer, modular representation theory<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Paul Cohn, algebraist<ref>Obituary in The Times Template:Webarchive "he was born in Hamburg in 1924 to Jewish parents" Accessed 9 July 2008.</ref>
• Richard Courant, mathematical analysis and applied mathematics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Max Dehn, topology<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Paul Epstein, number theory<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Adolf Fraenkel, set theory<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Freudenthal, algebraic topology<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Friedrich Hartogs, mathematician
• Felix Hausdorff, topology<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Heinz Hopf, topology (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Adolf Hurwitz, mathematician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, analysis<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Leopold Kronecker, number theory<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Edmund Landau, number theory<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Rudolf Lipschitz, mathematician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Mahler, mathematician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hermann Minkowski, geometrical theory of numbers<ref>Contemporary Authors V 162 By Rooney, Scot Peacock, p. 169</ref>
• Claus Moser, statistician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Leonard Nelson, mathematician, philosopher (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Bernhard Neumann, mathematician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Emmy Noether, algebra and theoretical physics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Alfred Pringsheim, analysis, theory of functions<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Richard Rado, combinatorics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Robert Remak, group theory
• Abraham Robinson, nonstandard analysis<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Arthur Moritz Schönflies, mathematician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Issai Schur, mathematician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Reinhold Strassmann, mathematician
• Otto Toeplitz, linear algebra and functional analysis<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Technical scientists

• Ralph Baer, inventor of the games console<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Emile Berliner, inventor of the gramophone<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970, from Russia, but published in German), pioneered Microdots and microfilm retrieval technology<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, electrical engineer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Siegfried Marcus, automobile pioneer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Michael O. Rabin, computer algorithms, Turing Award (1976)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Reinhold Rudenberg, electrical engineer and inventor,<ref>Reinhold Rudenberg</ref>
• Adolf Schallamach, pioneered understanding of friction and wear phenomena in rubber
• Joseph Weizenbaum, AI critic, ELIZA<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Psychologists

• Karl Abraham, psychoanalyst<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Rudolf Arnheim, perception theoristTemplate:Citation needed
• Erik Erikson, developmental psychologist (Jewish mother)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erich Fromm, psychologist and humanistic philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erika Fromm, psychologist and co-founder of hypnoanalysis.
• Benedict Friedlaender, sexologist
• Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, psychoanalyst<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Goldstein, Gestalt-influenced neurologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Max Hamilton, psychiatrist<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the son of Jewish parents"</ref>
• Magnus Hirschfeld, sexologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Koffka, Gestalt psychologistTemplate:Citation needed
• Kurt Lewin, social psychologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hugo Münsterberg, industrial psychologistTemplate:Citation needed
• Ulric Neisser, cognitive psychologist (Jewish father)<ref>Encyclopedia Judaica (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 12, p. 945)</ref>
• Erich Neumann, analytical psychologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Fritz Perls, psychotherapist<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Otto Selz, cognitive psychologist<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• William Stern, the Intelligence Quotient<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
• Max Wertheimer, Gestalt psychologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Academic figures

Philosophers

• Theodor Adorno (1903–1969), philosopher (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hannah Arendt, political philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Leo Strauss, political philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernst Bloch, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Constantin Brunner, philosopher<ref>constantinbrunner.info</ref>
• Ernst Cassirer, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hermann Cohen, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Friedrich Dessauer, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Max Dessoir, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Julius Frauenstädt, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Grelling, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hermann Heller (legal scholar), philosopher
• Richard Hönigswald (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Max Horkheimer (1895–1973), philosopher and sociologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Edmund Husserl, philosopher (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Jonas, philosopher<ref>Home | The Center for the Study of Religion and Conflict</ref>
• Horace Kallen, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Adolf Lasson, philosopher<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Theodor Lessing, philosopher, writer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Karl Löwith, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Salomon Maimon, philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Fritz Mauthner, author and philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Moses Mendelssohn, philosopher, scholar<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Helmuth Plessner, philosopher (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Reichenbach, philosopher (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, philosopher (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Max Scheler, philosopher (Jewish mother)<ref>Max Scheler, 1874–1928: An Intellectual Portrait by John Raphael Staude</ref>
• Edith Stein, philosopher, martyr and saint of the Catholic Church
• Kurt Sternberg, philosopher<ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Sternberg, Kurt</ref>
• Richard Rudolf Walzer, philosopher (Jewish Year Book 1975 p. 214)

Economists

• Robert Aumann, Nobel Prize for Economics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Richard Ehrenberg, economist (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Lachmann, economist<ref>Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F. A. Hayek - p. 145</ref>
• Emil Lederer, economist<ref>JInfo list of economists accessed 17 May 2007</ref>
• Robert Liefmann, economist<ref>Living — International Office Template:Webarchive</ref>
• Adolph Lowe, economist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Rosa Luxemburg, economist, co-founder of the KPD<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Peretz Naftali, economist, editor, later Israeli finance minister<ref>Riemer, Yehuda. Fritz Peretz Naphtali, A Social Democrat in Two Worlds. Hassifriya Haziyonit, Jerusalem 1996</ref>
• Sigbert Prais, economist (JYB 2005 p. 215)
• Reinhard Selten, Nobel prize<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (1994)
• Hans Singer, economist<ref>(The Economist, March 11th 2006, p. 95: "born a Jew")</ref>

Social Scientists

• Reinhard Bendix, sociologist<ref>http://www.hhs.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/15/3/25.pdf Template:Dead link</ref>
• Eduard Bernstein, founder of evolutionary socialism<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Franz Boas, cultural anthropologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lewis A. Coser, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Norbert Elias, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Amitai Etzioni, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Shelomo Dov Goitein, Arabist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Moses Hess, socialist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eugene Kamenka, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Siegfried Kracauer, sociologist and film critic<ref>Program in Judaic Studies, Princeton University</ref>
• Ferdinand Lassalle, founder of first German worker's party<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Karl Mannheim, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Herbert Marcuse, sociologist, New Left figurehead<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Karl Marx, founder of Marxism (parents converted to Protestantism)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Franz Oppenheimer, sociologist and economist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Leo Loewenthal, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Georg Simmel, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Georg Steindorff, Egyptologist (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Jacob Taubes, theologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Louis Wirth, sociologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Historians

• Ernst Bernheim, historian<ref>Irene Blechle, Entdecker der Hochschulpädagogik. Die Universitätsreformer Ernst Bernheim und Hans Schmidkunz. Shaker Verlag, Aachen 2002, Template:ISBN

</ref>

• Walter Cahn, art historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Colin Eisler, art historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Geoffrey Rudolph Elton (son of Victor Ehrenberg) <ref name="archive2">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Richard Ettinghausen, art historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Henry Friedlander, historian<ref>Henry Friedlander</ref>
• Peter Gay, historian<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Heinrich Graetz, historian<ref>Encyclopedia Judaica, 2 ed, vol. 8, sv. "Graetz, Heinrich"</ref>
• George W. F. Hallgarten, historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eric Hobsbawm, historian<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Isaak Markus Jost, historian
• Ernst Kantorowicz, historian of medieval political and intellectual history
• Richard Krautheimer, historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Arno Lustiger, historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Golo Mann, historian (Jewish mother)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• George Mosse, historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erwin Panofsky, art historian
• Otto Rahn, historian of legends about the holy grail<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Rothfels, historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Fritz Stern, historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Aby Warburg, art historian
• Rudolf Wittkower, architectural and art historian
• Michael Wolffsohn, historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Jurists

• Jacob Friedrich Behrend, jurist<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• David Daube, Professor of Law<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Heinrich Dernburg, jurist (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Victor Ehrenberg, jurist (converted to Christianity)<ref>Personal Memoirs by Victor Ehrenberg, Privately Published, 1971</ref>
• Eugen Ehrlich (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eduard Gans (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Hugo Haase, jurist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Sir Otto Kahn-Freund, Professor of Law<ref name="ReferenceA">British Dictionary of National Biography</ref>
• Julius Anton Glaser (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Georg Jellinek (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hermann Kantorowicz, jurist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Walter Kaskel, jurist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Robert Kempner, jurist
• Paul Laband, jurist, b. Breslau (converted to Christianity)<ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Laband, Paul</ref>
• Otto Lenel, jurist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernst Levy, jurist<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Franz Neumann, legal theorist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Arthur Nussbaum, jurist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Joseph Süss Oppenheimer, financial planner and court Jew<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Gabriel Riesser, deputy speaker of Frankfurt Assembly in 1848, first Jewish judge in Hamburg<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Rudolf Schlesinger, jurist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eduard von Simson, President of the Reichstag, President of the Reichsgericht<ref name=":1" />
• Hugo Sinzheimer, legal scholar<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Joseph Unger (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Wilhelm Eduard Wilda (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Sigmund Zeisler, jurist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Linguists and philologists

• Paulus Aemilius, professor of Hebrew<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Theodor Benfey, linguist (converted to Christianity)<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref>
• Eduard Fraenkel, philologist<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "An unbaptized Jew"</ref>
• Wilhelm Freund, philologist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Friedländer, philologist <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Julius Fürst, orientalist<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref>
• Theodor Goldstücker, linguist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Moshe Goshen-Gottstein, linguist<ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Goshen-Gottstein, Moshe; "born in Berlin"</ref>
• Victor Klemperer, linguist and diarist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Siegbert Salomon Prawer, Professor of German<ref>Jewish Year Book 2005 p. 215</ref>
• Chaim Menachem Rabin, linguist<ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Rabin, Chaim Menachem; "born in Giessen, Germany"</ref>
• Edward Sapir, anthropologist-linguist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernest Simon, professor of Chinese<ref>(British Jewish Year Book 1980 p. 183)</ref>
• Heymann Steinthal, linguistTemplate:Citation needed

Educationalists

• Lewis Elton, educationalist <ref name="archive2"/>
• Kurt Hahn,<ref>Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Berlin of Jewish parents"</ref> educationalist
• Henriette May (1862–1928), German Jewish educator and women's activist

Entertainment

Showbusiness

• Hugo Egon Balder, comedian, producer (Jewish mother)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Berger, director<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lotte Berk, dancer and health guru<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only daughter of Jewish parents"</ref>
• Christian Berkel, actor
• Kurt Bernhardt, director<ref>Patrick McGilligan, Fritz Lang: The Nature of the Beast, St. Martin's Press: New York (1997), p. 172</ref>
• Ludwig Blattner: film producer and studio owner, developer of the first magnetic tape recorder.
• Artur Brauner, film producer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Michael Degen, actor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernst Dohm, actor, editor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hedwig Dohm-Pringsheim, actress<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• E.A. Dupont, director<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Michel Friedman, TV personality<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Gerron, stage actor and film director<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Dora Gerson, actress, cabaret singer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Therese Giehse, actress Pepermill<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lou Jacobs, clown<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Karl Koch, broadcaster and sound recordist<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Being a Jew, Koch's life under the Nazi regime became increasingly intolerable"</ref>
• Werner Klemperer, Movie, TV Hogan's Heroes and Broadway actor, violinist
• Carl Laemmle, film producer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Robert Lembke, journalist and well-known TV show host (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ernst Lubitsch, director<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Jeanine Meerapfel, film director and screenwriter<ref>Plotkin, Janis. "Filmmakers, Independent European." Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. 1 March 2009. Jewish Women's Archive.[2]. Accessed June 17, 2012.</ref>
• Max Ophüls, film director<ref>Vincent Brook, Driven to Darkness: Jewish Emigré Directors and the Rise of Film Noir, Rutgers University Press, 2009, p. 1.</ref>
• Richard Oswald, director<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lilli Palmer, actress<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Luise Rainer, actress
• Hans Rosenthal, one of Germany's most popular TV personalities in history<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Susan Sideropoulos, actress<ref>Jüdisches Museum Berlin Template:Webarchive</ref>
• Robert Siodmak, director<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ruth Westheimer (born 1928), German-American sex therapist, talk show host, author, Doctor of Education, Holocaust survivor, and former Haganah sniper.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Konrad Wolf, film director<ref>Remembering History: The Filmmaker Konrad Wolf by Marc Silberman, New German Critique, No. 49, Special Issue on Alexander Kluge. (Winter, 1990), pp. 163–191</ref>
• Peter Zadek, theatre director<ref>Theatre Reviews: Opposites by Wilhelm Hortmann, Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4. (Winter, 1982), pp. 513–515</ref>

Musicians

• Samuel Adler, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Haim Alexander, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Tzvi Avni, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Paul Ben-Haim, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Julius Benedict, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Herman Berlinski, American composer, organist, pianist, musicologist and choir conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Wolf Biermann, singer/songwriter (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Yehezkel Braun, Israeli composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Manfred Bukofzer, musicologist<ref name=autogenerated2>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Paul Dessau, composer<ref>Fritz Hennenberg: Paul Dessau. Eine Biographie</ref>
• Abel Ehrlich, Israeli composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Alfred Einstein, musicologist<ref>Alfred Einstein on Music: Selected Music Criticisms by Catherine Dower</ref>
• Hanns Eisler, German-born composer (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lukas Foss, composer and conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Alexander Goehr, composer<ref>Jewish Chronicle, July 13, 2001 p.25 "two Jewish composers, Alexander Goehr and Robert Saxton"</ref>
• Walter Goehr, conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Berthold Goldschmidt, composer<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "His was a cultured, musical Jewish family"</ref>
• Bernard Greenhouse, cellist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Nina Hagen, German-Jewish origin from her father's side, Punk Rock Singer, she was considered an opera prodigy by the time she was nine. Her paternal grandfather died in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
• George Henschel, singer and conductor<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Alfred Hertz, conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• André Herzberg, musician (Pankow)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ferdinand Hiller, composer, conductor and pianist
• Gerard Hoffnung, musicologist <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Friedrich Holländer, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Salomon Jadassohn, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Leon Jessel, composer<ref>Template:Cite web Template:Dead link</ref>
• Robert Kahn, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Otto Klemperer, conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Robert Lachmann, musicologistTemplate:Citation needed
• Ludwig Lenel, organist and composer
• Hermann Levi, conductor<ref>"Hermann Levi's shame and Parsifal's guilt" by Laurence Dreyfus</ref>
• Alfred Lion and Frank Wulff, founders of Blue Note Records<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Edward Lowinsky, musicologist<ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Lowinsky, Edward</ref>
• Gustav Mahler, composer<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Michael Mann, musician (Jewish mother)<ref name=autogenerated5>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Arnold Mendelssohn, organist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Felix Mendelssohn, composer and conductor (Jewish ancestry but raised Lutheran)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Giacomo Meyerbeer, composer<ref>Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791–1864 by Martin Cooper</ref>
• Ben-Zion Orgad, Israeli composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Menahem Pressler, pianist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• André Previn, conductor<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
• Franz Reizenstein, pianist, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Curt Sachs, musicologist, co-founder of modern organology<ref name=autogenerated2 />
• Kurt Sanderling, conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Adolf Martin Schlesinger, music publisher<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Arnold Schoenberg, composer
• Heinrich Sontheim, tenor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• William Steinberg, conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erich Walter Sternberg, composer<ref>Music in the Jewish Community of Palestine 1880–1948: A Social History by Jehoash Hirshberg</ref>
• Josef Tal, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ilia Trilling, synagogue composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ignatz Waghalter, composer and conductor<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Bruno Walter, conductor (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Franz Waxman, film composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Weill, composer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Winterberg, composer
• Stefan Wolpe, composer<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Alec Empire, member of Atari Teenage Riot<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hilde Zadek, soprano<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Zimmer, film score composer and record producer<ref>"Hans Zimmer: Proud to say 'My people'". JewishJournal.com.</ref>

Artists

• Anni Albers, textile designer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Frank Auerbach, painter<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eduard Bendemann, painter<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Erwin Blumenfeld, photographer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Alfred Eisenstaedt, photographer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Benno Elkan, sculptor<ref>Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born at Dortmund of Jewish parentage"</ref>
• James Ingo Freed, architect<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Gisèle Freund, photographer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eva Hesse, materials artist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erich Kahn, painter, expressionist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eugen Kaufmann, architectTemplate:Citation needed
• Hugo Lederer (1871–1940) sculptor<ref>International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Template:Webarchive: he is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Znojmo, Czech Republic; accessed 18 May 2007</ref>
• Ludwig Levy, architect<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Max Liebermann, painter<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Peter Max, pop artist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Meidner, painter<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erich Mendelsohn, architect<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Alice Michaelis, painter<ref name="Benezit-2011">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Helmut Newton, photographer (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Felix Nussbaum, painter<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Meret Oppenheim, surrealist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Else Oppler-Legband, architect, interior designer, fashion designer, and stylist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erwin Panofsky, art historian<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Martin Erich Philipp, artist<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Hans Schleger, designer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Charlotte Salomon, artist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erich Salomon, news photographer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Erna Weill, sculptor<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Victor Weisz, Vicky, cartoonist<ref>Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Germany of Hungarian Jewish parents"</ref>

Other

• Josef Ganz, car designer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Siegfried Marcus, car designer
• Edmund Rumpler, Austro-German car designer
• Jacqueline Van Maarsen, author and best friend of diarist Anne Frank
• Hanneli Goslar, friend of diarist Anne Frank and holocaust survivor
• Sanne Ledermann, friend of diarist Anne frank and holocaust victim

Writers

• Erich Auerbach, literature critic<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Berthold Auerbach, author and poet<ref name="Singer">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Julius Bab, dramatist and theater critic<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Encyclopaedia Judaica art. Bab, Julius</ref>
• Jurek Becker, writer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Maxim Biller, writer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Börne, satirist<ref>Jüdisches Museum Berlin Template:Webarchive</ref>
• Otto Brahm, literary critic<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Henryk Broder, journalist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Walter Benjamin (1892–1940), literary critic and philosopher<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Emil Carlebach, writer, dissident<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Joseph Derenbourg, orientalist, father of Hartwig Derenbourg<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Hilde Domin, poet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lion Feuchtwanger, novelist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hubert Fichte, author (Jewish father)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Anne Frank, diarist<ref>Gale ~ Page Missing ~ Page Error Redirect Template:Webarchive</ref>
• Karen Gershon (1923–1993), poet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Friedrich Gundolf, literary man<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Glückel of Hameln, 18th-century female Yiddish diarist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Maximilian Harden, journalist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Heinrich Heine, poet<ref>"Heinrich Heine, 'Blackguard' and 'Apostate': A Study of the Earliest Attitude Towards Him" by Sol Liptzin</ref> (converted to Protestantism for job prospects)
• Stefan Heym, novelist, politician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Wolfgang Hildesheimer<ref>http://www.cutg.ac.uk/03prog.htmTemplate:Dead link</ref>
• Edgar Hilsenrath, novelist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Barbara Honigmann, writer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Heinrich Eduard Jacob, writer and journalist<ref>The Gabriele Killert and Richard Schroetter: Obligation destruction fixes. The forgotten Jewish writer Heinrich Eduard Jacob; in: "new inhabitants of zurich newspaper" (boarding school Expenditure), NR. 78. Zurich, 5./6. April 1997, S. 50.</ref>
• Siegfried Jacobsohn, journalist and theater critic<ref name="auto1">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, novelist and screenwriter<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Wladimir Kaminer, short story writer<ref name="auto1"/>
• Judith Kerr, children's writer<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Victor Klemperer, writer<ref>The Lesser Evil: The Diaries of Victor Klemperer 1945–1959</ref>
• Else Lasker-Schüler, writer, poet and artist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> (converted to Protestantism for job prospects)
• Robert Liebmann, screenwriter.
• Claire Loewenfeld, writer and herbalist<ref>Pincus, Lily Verloren, gewonnen: Mein Weg von Berlin nach London, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1980</ref>
• Hugo Lubliner, dramatist.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Emil Ludwig, writer<ref>"Emil Ludwig, Famous Biographer, Calls on Jews to Answer Hitler 'in Own Terms'", The Sentinel (Chicago), 13 August 1936, p. 36.</ref><ref>Harry Hansen, "Ludwig, Emil," Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 7, New York: Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Inc., 1942, p. 231.</ref>
• Erika Mann, writer, actress (Jewish mother)<ref name=autogenerated5 />
• Klaus Mann, writer (Jewish mother)<ref name=autogenerated5 />
• Monika Mann, writer (Jewish mother)<ref name=autogenerated5 />
• Liselotte Marshall, novelist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Julius Mosen, born Moses Template:Citation needed
• Erich Mühsam, anarchist poet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Solomon Perel, author<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Marcel Reich-Ranicki, literary critic<ref>Author of Himself, The ... The Life of Marcel Reich-Ranicki</ref>
• H. A. Rey and Margret Rey, creators of Curious George<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Renate Rubinstein (Jewish father)<ref>https://www.nias.knaw.nl:10051/en/oudfellows/research_group_1999_2000/summaries_99_00/hans_goedkoop/ Template:Dead link</ref>
• Nelly Sachs, poet, Nobel Prize (1966)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Anna Seghers, novelist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Oskar Seidlin, writer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Süßkind von Trimberg, medieval writer, minnesinger<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Kurt Tucholsky, writer (converted to Protestantism)<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref>
• Samuel Ullman, poet<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Rahel Varnhagen, writer and saloniste (converted to Christianity)<ref>Rahel Varnhagen The Life of a Jewish Woman by Hannah Arendt</ref>
• Moritz Callmann Wahl<ref name="Jewish Encyclopedia"/>
• Jakob Wassermann, novelist<ref name="auto"/>
• Trude Weiss-Rosmarin<ref>Hymen, E. Paula and Dash Moore, Deborah. (eds) (1997) Jewish Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. Routledge, Template:ISBN (pp. 1463–1465)</ref>
• Jeanette Wohl<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Victoria Wolff (1903–1992), German born American writer and screenwriter<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Friedrich Wolf, writer, physician<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Carl Zuckmayer, playwright (Jewish mother)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Arnold Zweig, writer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Stefan Zweig, novelist, playwright and journalist, best known for his autobiographies
• Hedwig Lachmann, author, translator and poet

Entrepreneurs

See also Court Jews

• Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), "founding father of international finance"<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Alfred Beit, financier<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
• Sir Ernest Cassel, banker<ref>K. Grunwald, 'Windsor Cassel: the last court Jew', Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute, 14 (1969), 119–61</ref>
• Maurice de Hirsch, banker<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "born on 9 December 1831 in Munich ... His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria ... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters."</ref>
• Sir Robert Mayer, German-born businessman and philanthropist<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Israel Jacob (philanthropist) (1729–1803)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Marcus Goldman (1821–1904), German-born banker, co-founder of Goldman Sachs
• Abraham Kuhn<ref>Charles R. Geisst, The last partnerships: inside the great Wall Street money dynasties, p. 55</ref> and Solomon Loeb, founders of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
• Henry Lehman (1822–1855), Emanuel Lehman (1827–1907) and Mayer Lehman (1830–1897), German-born bankers, co-founders of former bank Lehman Brothers
• Joseph Mendelssohn (1770–1848), founder of former bank Mendelssohn & Co.
• Salomon Oppenheim (1772–1828), founder of bank Sal. Oppenheim
• Ernest Oppenheimer (1880–1957), diamond and gold mining entrepreneur and financier who controlled De Beers and founded the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa
• Emil Rathenau (1838–1915), founder of AEG
• Adolf Rosenberger, co-founder of Porsche<ref>Automobile Quarterly, Volume 18, Issue 4

Automobile Quarterly, 1980</ref>

• Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777–1836), founder of British company N M Rothschild & Sons
• Hermann Tietz (1837–1907), founder of Hertie, a department store
• Leopold Ullstein (1826–1899), founder of publishing company Ullstein Verlag
• Moses Marcus Warburg and Gerson Warburg, co-founder of M. M. Warburg & Co., German bank
• Georg Wertheim (1857–1939), founder of former Wertheim, a department store
• Stef Wertheimer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (1926–2025), German-born industrialist
• Gustav Wilhelm Wolff, founder of Harland and Wolff<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sports

Gottfried Fuchs

• Alon Abelski, football player
• Rudi Ball, ice hockey player, right wing, Olympic bronze, world runner-up, bronze<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Gretel Bergmann, high jumper<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Hans Berliner, world postal chess champion<ref name=autogenerated4>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Barney Dreyfuss, co-founder of the World Series<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Alfred Flatow, 3 time Olympic gymnastics champion (parallel bars, team parallel bars, team horizontal bar), silver (horizontal bar)
• Gustav Felix Flatow, 2 time Olympic gymnastics champion (team parallel bars, team horizontal bar)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Gottfried Fuchs, soccer player, (German national team)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ludwig Guttmann, founder of the Paralympics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Lilli Henoch, world records (discus, shot put, and 4x100-m relay); shot by the Nazis in Latvia
• Fredy Hirsch, sport teacher
• Julius Hirsch, footballer, German champion, killed during the Holocaust
• Bernhard Horwitz, chess player<ref name=autogenerated4 />
• Herbert Klein, swimmer, Olympic bronze (200-m breaststroke); 3 world records
• Emanuel Lasker, world chess champion<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Henry Laskau, racewalker, won 42 national titles; Pan American champion; 4x Maccabiah champion
• Helene Mayer, foil fencer (Jewish father), Olympic champion<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Sarah Poewe, swimmer (Jewish mother), Olympic bronze (4x100 medley relay)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Ellen Preis (Ellen Müller-Preis) (1912–2007), German-born Austrian Olympic champion foil fencer
• Daniel Prenn, tennis player, highest world ranking # 6<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Eugen Sandow, bodybuilding pioneer
• Anton Shynder, football player
• Siegbert Tarrasch, chess player<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• History of the Jews in Germany
• List of Austrians
• List of Austrian Jews
• List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian and Slovak Jews
• List of Germans
• List of Galician Jews
• List of West European Jews
• Lists of Jews