List of governors of Texas
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates
The governor of Texas is the chief executive officer of the U.S. state of Texas and the commander in chief of the state’s military forces. The incumbent, Greg Abbott, is the forty-eighth governor to serve in the office since Texas' statehood in 1845.
When compared to those of other states, the governorship of Texas has been described as one of relative weakness.<ref name="slate">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="molly">Template:Cite book</ref> In some respects, it is the lieutenant governor of Texas, who presides over the Texas Senate, who possesses greater influence to exercise their prerogatives.<ref name=slate/><ref name=molly/>
Rick Perry is the longest-serving governor, having assumed the governorship in 2000 upon the exit of George W. Bush, who resigned to take office as the 43rd president of the United States. Perry was elected in 2002 and he was re-elected in 2006 and 2010 serving for 14 years before choosing to retire in 2014.
Allan Shivers assumed the governorship upon the death of Beauford Jester in July 1949 and was elected in 1950 and re-elected in 1952 and 1954, serving for Template:Frac years, making him the third longest serving governor before choosing to retire in 1956. Price Daniel was elected to the governorship in 1956 and re-elected in 1958 and 1960 before losing his re-election for an unprecedented fourth term in the 1962 Democratic primary, missing the runoff. John Connally was elected in 1962 and re-elected in 1964 and 1966 before choosing to retire in 1968, leaving office on January 21, 1969. Bill Clements served two non-consecutive four-year terms, having been elected in 1978 but lost re-election in 1982 before winning re-election in 1986, choosing to retire in 1990, previously held the record as the second longest-serving governor: both of Shivers and Clements' records were surpassed by Perry.
Current governor Greg Abbott was elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2018 and again in 2022. He is the second longest-serving governor and on track to serve 12 years by January 19, 2027. He is currently seeking re-election to an unprecedented fourth term in 2026, which if completed, by January 21, 2031, will make him the state's longest-serving governor, surpassing Perry's 14 years.
Governors
Texas was annexed by the United States and admitted to the Union on December 29, 1845.<ref>Template:Usstat</ref>
The governor is inaugurated on the third Tuesday of January every four years along with the lieutenant governor, and serves a term of four years. Prior to the present laws, in 1845, the state's first constitution established the office of governor, serving a term of two years, but no more than four years of every six.<ref>1845 Const. Art V sec 4</ref> The 1861 constitution, following secession from the Union, established the first Monday of November following election as the term's start.<ref>1861 Const. art V sec 12</ref> Following the end of the American Civil War, the 1866 constitution increased term length to four years, limiting overall service to no more than eight years of every twelve, moving the term's start to the first Thursday following organization of the legislature, or "as soon thereafter as practicable."<ref>1866 Const. art V sec 4</ref> The constitution of 1869, enacted during Reconstruction, removed term limitations,<ref>1869 Const. Art IV sec 4</ref> to this day making Texas one of sixteen states, territory or jurisdiction (including the U.S. Territory Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia<ref>Executive Branch Template:Webarchive retrieved 23-October-2008</ref> with no limit on gubernatorial terms. The present constitution of 1876 returned terms to two years,<ref>TX Const. Art IV sec 4</ref> but a 1972 amendment again returned them to four.<ref>Texas Politics - The Executive Branch Template:Webarchive. Texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.</ref>
In the case of a vacancy in the office, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.<ref>TX Const. art IV sec 16 graf d</ref> Prior to a 1999 amendment, the lieutenant governor only acted as governor until the expiration of the term to which he succeeded.<ref>Under the 1861 constitution, law provided that the lieutenant governor would be "styled Governor of those state of Republicans" in case of vacancy.</ref><ref>1861 Const art V sec 12</ref> The governor and the lieutenant governor are not officially elected on the same ticket.
| Template:Abbr | Governor | Term in office | Party | Election | Lt. GovernorTemplate:Efn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rowspan="8" style="background: Template:Party color;"| | J. Pinckney Henderson Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-henderson-jpinckney">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 1st general assembly, 15, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – December 21, 1847 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1845 | rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn | ||
| 2 | George Tyler Wood Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-wood">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> |
Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 2nd Legislature, 40, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – December 21, 1849 Template:Small |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1847 | Template:Sortname | ||||
| 3 | Peter Hansborough Bell Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-bell">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 3rd Legislature, 273, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – November 23, 1853 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
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| 1851 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 4 | File:James w henderson.jpg | James W. Henderson Template:Small <ref name="state-henderson-james">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> |
Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 5th Legislature, 78, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – December 21, 1853 Template:Small |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | Template:Small | Vacant | |||
| 5 | File:Elisha pease.jpg | Elisha M. Pease Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-pease">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 5th Legislature, Part II, 1, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – December 21, 1857 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1853 | rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | ||
| 1855 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 6 | File:Hardin runnels.jpg | Hardin Richard Runnels Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-runnels">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 7th Legislature, 244, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – December 21, 1859 Template:Small |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1857 | Template:Sortname | |||
| 7 | File:Hon. Sam Houston, Texas - NARA - 527675-crop.png | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | Sam Houston Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-houston">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> |
Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 8th Legislature, 169, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – March 16, 1861 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
IndependentTemplate:Sfn | 1859 | Template:Sortname | ||
| 8 | File:Edward clark.jpg | rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Edward Clark Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-clark">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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| 9 | File:Francis lubbock.jpg | Francis Lubbock Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-lubbock">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 9th Legislature, 14, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – November 5, 1863 Template:Small |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1861 | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | ||
| 10 | File:Pendleton murrah.jpg | Pendleton Murrah Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-murrah">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 10th Legislature, 47, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – June 17, 1865 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1863 | Template:Sortname | |||
| 11 | File:Andrew Jackson Hamilton.jpg | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | Andrew Jackson Hamilton Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-hamilton">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Andrew Johnson, Proclamation 139—Reorganizing a Constitutional Government in Texas Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – August 9, 1866 Template:Small |
Template:Small | Vacant | |||
| 12 | File:James W. Throckmorton - Brady-Handy.jpg | style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | James W. Throckmorton Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-throckmorton">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1866 | style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | |
| 13 | File:Elisha pease.jpg | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | Elisha M. Pease Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-pease" /> |
Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> – September 30, 1869 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
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| — | Vacant <ref name="almanac" /> |
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| 14 | File:Edmund Davis.jpg | style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Edmund J. Davis Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-davis">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 15, 1874 Template:Small |
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| 15 | File:Richard Coke - Brady-Handy (cropped).jpg | rowspan="56" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Richard Coke Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-coke">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 14th Legislature, 7, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – December 1, 1876 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1873 | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | |
| 1876 | ||||||||||
| 16 | File:Richard hubbard.jpg | Richard B. Hubbard Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-hubbard">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 21, 1879 Template:Small |
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| 17 | File:Oran roberts.jpg | Oran Milo Roberts Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-roberts">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 16th Legislature, 106, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 16, 1883 Template:Small |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1878 | rowspan="20" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | ||
| 1880 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 18 | File:John ireland.jpg | John Ireland Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-ireland">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 18th Legislature, 38, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 18, 1887 Template:Small |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1882 | Template:Sortname | |||
| 1884 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 19 | File:Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross.jpg | Lawrence Sullivan Ross Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-ross">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 20th Legislature, 64, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 20, 1891 Template:Small |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1886 | Template:Sortname | |||
| 1888 | ||||||||||
| 20 | File:Jim hogg.jpg | Jim Hogg Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-hogg">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 22nd Legislature, 6, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 15, 1895 Template:Small |
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| 1892 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 21 | File:Charles Allen Culberson.jpg | Charles A. Culberson Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-culberson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 24th Legislature, 44, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 17, 1899 Template:Small |
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| 1896 | ||||||||||
| 22 | File:Joseph D. Sayers (cropped).jpg | Joseph D. Sayers Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-sayers">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 26th Legislature, 82, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 20, 1903 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 1900 | ||||||||||
| 23 | File:Swtlanham.jpg | S. W. T. Lanham Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-lanham">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| 1904 | ||||||||||
| 24 | File:T.M. Campbell, Governor, Bain portrait bust.jpg | Thomas Mitchell Campbell Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-campbell">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| 1908 | ||||||||||
| 25 | File:Oscar Branch Colquitt.jpg | Oscar Branch Colquitt Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-colquitt">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 32nd Legislature, 137, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 19, 1915 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1910 | ||||
| 1912 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 26 | File:James E. Ferguson.jpg | James E. Ferguson Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-ferguson-james">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| 1916 | ||||||||||
| 27 | File:William hobby.jpg | William P. Hobby Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-hobby">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:DtsTemplate:Efn – January 18, 1921 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 1918 | rowspan="12" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | ||||||||
| 28 | File:PatMNeff.jpg | Pat Morris Neff Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-neff">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| 1922 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 29 | File:Miriam A. Ferguson.jpg | Miriam A. Ferguson Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-ferguson-miriam">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| 30 | File:DanMoody.jpg | Dan Moody Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-moody">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 40th Legislature, 81, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 20, 1931 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 1928 | ||||||||||
| 31 | File:Ross Sterling.png | Ross S. Sterling Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-sterling">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 42nd Legislature, 74, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 17, 1933 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 32 | File:Miriam A. Ferguson.jpg | Miriam A. Ferguson Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-ferguson-miriam" /> |
Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 43rd Legislature, 98, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 15, 1935 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 33 | File:James Allred.png | James Burr V Allred Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-allred">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 44th Legislature, 93, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 17, 1939 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 34 | File:W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel, 1939 (cropped) (3x4).jpg | W. Lee O'Daniel Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-odaniel">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 46th Legislature, 100, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – August 4, 1941 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
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| 1940 | ||||||||||
| 35 | File:Coke R. Stevenson.jpg | Coke R. Stevenson Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-stevenson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 21, 1947 Template:Small |
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| 1942 | rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | ||||||||
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| 36 | File:Beauford H. Jester.jpg | Beauford H. Jester Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-jester">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 50th Legislature, 60, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – July 11, 1949 Template:Small |
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| 37 | File:Allan Shivers.jpg | Allan Shivers Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-shivers">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 15, 1957 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 1950 | rowspan="6" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | ||||||||
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| 38 | File:Price Daniel (TX).png | Price Daniel Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-daniel">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 55th Legislature, 64, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 15, 1963 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 39 | File:John Connally (cropped).jpg | John Connally Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-connally">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 58th Legislature, 56, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 21, 1969 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn |
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| 40 | File:Smith-p01-1.jpg | Preston Smith Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-smith">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 61st Legislature, 98, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 16, 1973 Template:Small |
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| 1970 | ||||||||||
| 41 | File:Dolph Briscoe, 1976.jpg | Dolph Briscoe Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-briscoe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 63rd Legislature, 113, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 16, 1979 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
DemocraticTemplate:Sfn | 1972 | Template:Sortname | |||
| 1974 | ||||||||||
| 42 | File:Bill Clements 1st term portrait.jpg | style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Bill Clements Template:Small <ref name="nga-clements">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 66th Legislature, 121, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 18, 1983 Template:Small |
Republican<ref name="nga-clements" /> | 1978 | |||
| 43 | File:Mark White Portrait.jpg | style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Mark White Template:Small <ref name="nga-white">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 68th Legislature, 138, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 20, 1987 Template:Small |
Democratic<ref name="nga-white" /> | 1982 | |||
| 44 | File:Bill Clements 2nd term portrait.jpg | style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Bill Clements Template:Small <ref name="nga-clements" /> |
Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 70th Legislature, 122, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 15, 1991 Template:Small |
Republican<ref name="nga-clements" /> | 1986 | ||||
| 45 | File:Ann Richards, Governor of Texas.jpg | style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Ann Richards Template:Small <ref name="nga-richards">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 72nd Legislature, 139, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – January 17, 1995 Template:Small |
Democratic<ref name="nga-richards" /> | 1990 | Template:Sortname | ||
| 46 | File:George Bush 45 (49492156502).jpg | rowspan="9" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | George W. Bush Template:Small <ref name="nga-bush">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 74th Legislature, 35, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – December 21, 2000 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn |
Republican<ref name="nga-bush" /> | 1994 | |||
| 1998 | rowspan="8" style="color:inherit;background: Template:Party color;"| | Template:Sortname | ||||||||
| 47 | File:Rick Perry by Gage Skidmore 3 (cropped).jpg | Rick Perry Template:Small <ref name="nga-perry">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 20, 2015 Template:Small |
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| 2002 | Template:Sortname | |||||||||
| 2006 | ||||||||||
| 2010 | ||||||||||
| 48 | File:Greg Abbott 2024 (cropped).jpg | Greg Abbott Template:Small <ref name="nga-abbott">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Dts<ref>Texas Legislature. Journal of the House of Representatives. 84th Legislature, 182, accessed July 9, 2023</ref> – IncumbentTemplate:Efn |
Republican<ref name="nga-abbott" /> | 2014 | Template:Sortname | |||
| 2018 | ||||||||||
| 2022 | ||||||||||
See also
- Lieutenant Governor of Texas
- Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Texas
- List of Texas state legislatures
Notes
References
- General
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- Specific
External links
- Office of the Governor of Texas
- Legislative Reference Library of Texas -- Governors of Texas
- Template:Handbook of Texas
- The Handbook of Texas Online: Texas History Quiz -- Presidents and Governors of Texas
- Explanation of the strengths of governors
Template:Current Texas statewide political officials Template:Lists of US Governors Template:Governors of Texas Template:State agencies of Texas Template:US state navigation box