List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies

Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use dmy dates This is a list of all spacecraft landings on other planets and bodies in the Solar System, including soft landings and both intended and unintended hard impacts. The list includes orbiters that were intentionally crashed, but not orbiters which later crashed in an unplanned manner due to orbital decay.

Colour key:

Template:Color box – Unsuccessful soft landing, intentional hard landing, or mission still in progress.

Template:Color box – Successful soft landing with intelligible data return. The tannish hue indicates extraterrestrial soil.

Template:Color box – Successful soft landing, intelligible data return, and sample return to Earth. The greenish hue indicates terrestrial return.

Template:Color box – Successful soft landing, data/voice/video communication, sample return to Earth, and safe astronaut landing and return to Earth.

Planets

Mercury

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
MESSENGER	Template:Flagicon United States	30 April 2015	Probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček	Intentionally crashed at end of mission.

Venus

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Venera 3	Template:Flagicon USSR	1 March 1966	Probably around -20° to 20° N, 60° to 80° E	First impact on the surface of another planet. Contact lost before atmospheric entry.
Venera 4	Template:Flagicon USSR	23 October 1967	Estimated near Template:Venus coords and quad cat.<ref name=v1>Template:Cite book</ref>	Crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 5	Template:Flagicon USSR	16 May 1969	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 6	Template:Flagicon USSR	17 May 1969	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 7	Template:Flagicon USSR	15 December 1970	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	First successful soft landing on another planet; transmitted from surface for 23 minutes. The spacecraft definitively confirmed that humans cannot survive on the surface of Venus, and excluded the possibility of any liquid water on Venus.
Venera 8	Template:Flagicon USSR	22 July 1972	Within 150 km radius of Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes.
Venera 9 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	22 October 1975	Within a 150 km radius of Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 53 minutes. First pictures from surface.
Venera 10 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	25 October 1975	Within a 150 km radius of Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 65 minutes.
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe	Template:Flagicon USA	9 December 1978	Day Probe Template:Venus coords and quad cat	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
			Night Probe 28.7°S 56.7°E	Survived impact and continued to transmit from the surface for 2 seconds.<ref name=":0" />
			North Probe 59.3°N 4.8°E	Signal lost upon impact.
			Large probe 4.4°N 304.0°E	Signal lost upon impact.
Venera 12 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	21 December 1978	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 110 minutes.
Venera 11 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	25 December 1978	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 95 minutes.
Venera 13 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	1 March 1982	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Venera 14 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	5 March 1982	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.
Vega 1 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	11 June 1985	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; some instruments failed to return data.
Vega 2 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	15 June 1985	Template:Venus coords and quad cat	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.

Mars

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Mars 2 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	27 November 1971	Template:Coord	First man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing.
Mars 3 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	2 December 1971	Template:Coord	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Transmitted a partial image for 14.5 seconds before the signal was lost. <ref name="Mars3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Mars 6 lander	Template:Flagicon USSR	12 March 1974	Template:Coord	Contact lost at landing.
Viking 1 lander	Template:Flagicon USA	20 July 1976	Template:Coord	Successful soft landing. First to send images in color, as well as to perform in situ biological experiments with the Martian soil.<ref name="NASA-20061218">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Viking 2 lander	Template:Flagicon USA	3 September 1976	Template:Coord	Successful soft landing.
Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner rover	Template:Flagicon USA	4 July 1997	Template:Coord	First airbag landing on Mars and first Mars rover.
Mars Polar Lander and two penetrators Deep Space 2	Template:Flagicon USA	3 December 1999		Contact lost prior to landing.
Beagle 2	Template:Flagicon UK/ ESA	25 December 2003	Template:Coord	Successful soft landing. No contact due to solar "petals" not deploying fully, blocking antenna.<ref>"Lost Beagle2 probe found 'intact' on Mars", BBC News, 16 January 2015</ref>
MER-A Spirit	Template:Flagicon USA	3 January 2004	Template:Coord	Mars rover. Contact lost 22 March 2010.
MER-B Opportunity	Template:Flagicon USA	25 January 2004	Template:Coord	Mars rover. Contact lost 10 June 2018.
Phoenix	Template:Flagicon USA	25 May 2008	Template:Coord	Successful soft landing in the north polar region.
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity)	Template:Flagicon USA	6 August 2012	Template:Coord	Mars rover. Landed in Gale Crater.
ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander	ESA Template:Flagicon RFSA	19 October 2016	Template:Coord	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
InSight	Template:Flagicon USA	26 November 2018	Template:Coord	Successful soft landing.
Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter	Template:Flagicon USA	18 February 2021	Template:Coord	Mars rover and helicopter. Successful soft landing in Jezero Crater. Helicopter deployed from rover on 3 April 2021.
Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover	Template:Flagicon China	14 May 2021	Template:Coord	Successful soft landing in Utopia Planitia. Zhurong rover deployed on 22 May 2021.

Jupiter

Template:Anchor Jupiter is a gas giant with a very large atmospheric pressure and internal temperature and thus there is no known hard surface on which to "land". All missions listed here are impacts on Jupiter.

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Galileo atmospheric probe	Template:Nowrap	Template:Nowrap	Atmospheric probe of Jupiter.
Galileo	Template:Nowrap	Template:Nowrap	Main craft was intentionally directed at Jupiter and disintegrated in Jovian atmosphere.

Saturn

Template:Anchor Saturn is a gas giant with a very large atmospheric pressure and internal temperature and thus there is no known hard surface on which to "land". All missions listed here are impacts on Saturn.

Mission	Country/ Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Cassini orbiter	Template:Nowrap	Template:Nowrap	Main craft was intentionally directed at Saturn and disintegrated in Saturn's atmosphere

Planetary moons

Earth's Moon

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Luna 2	Template:Flagicon USSR	13 September 1959	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 4	Template:Flagicon USA	26 April 1962	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Unintentional hard impact; hit lunar far side due to failure of navigation system.
Ranger 6	Template:Flagicon USA	2 February 1964	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 7	Template:Flagicon USA	31 July 1964	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 8	Template:Flagicon USA	20 February 1965	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 9	Template:Flagicon USA	24 March 1965	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Intentional hard impact.
Luna 5	Template:Flagicon USSR	12 May 1965	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 7	Template:Flagicon USSR	7 October 1965	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 8	Template:Flagicon USSR	6 December 1965	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 9	Template:Flagicon USSR	3 February 1966	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	First successful soft landing; first pictures from the surface.
Surveyor 1	Template:Flagicon USA	2 June 1966	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Soft landing.
Surveyor 2	Template:Flagicon USA	23 September 1966	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Lunar Orbiter 1	Template:Flagicon USA	29 October 1966	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Luna 13	Template:Flagicon USSR	24 December 1966	Template:Coord	Soft landing.
Surveyor 3	Template:Flagicon USA	20 April 1967	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Soft landing. First lander visited by a later crewed mission (Apollo 12) that even brought its components.
Surveyor 4	Template:Flagicon USA	17 July 1967	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Contact lost on descent.
Surveyor 5	Template:Flagicon USA	11 September 1967	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Soft landing.
Surveyor 6	Template:Flagicon USA	10 November 1967	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Soft landing.
Surveyor 7	Template:Flagicon USA	10 January 1968	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Soft landing.
Apollo 11	Template:Flagicon USA	20 July 1969	Template:Coord	First crewed landing on an extraterrestrial body.
Luna 15	Template:Flagicon USSR	21 July 1969	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Possible attempted sample return; crashed into Moon. Not a crewed mission.
Apollo 12	Template:Flagicon USA	18 November 1969	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Crewed mission.
Apollo 13	Template:Flagicon USA	14 April 1970	N/A	S-IVB stage crashed for seismic research (rocket stages from some other Apollo missions that successfully landed were also crashed in this manner<ref>"The Sky is Falling" Template:Webarchive, NASA, April 28, 2006</ref>)
Luna 16	Template:Flagicon USSR	20 September 1970	Template:Coord	First successful robotic sample return.
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1	Template:Flagicon USSR	17 November 1970	Template:Coord	Robotic lunar rover.
Apollo 14	Template:Flagicon USA	5 February 1971	Template:Coord	Crewed mission.
Apollo 15	Template:Flagicon USA	30 July 1971	Template:Coord	Crewed mission; lunar rover.
Luna 18	Template:Flagicon USSR	11 September 1971	Template:Coord	Failed attempt at sample return; probable crash-landing.
Luna 20	Template:Flagicon USSR	21 February 1972	Template:Coord	Robotic sample return.
Apollo 16	Template:Flagicon USA	21 April 1972	Template:Coord	Crewed mission; lunar rover.
Apollo 17	Template:Flagicon USA	7 December 1972	Template:Coord	Crewed mission; lunar rover. Last crewed landing on extraterrestrial bodies to date.
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2	Template:Flagicon USSR	8 January 1973	Template:Coord	Robotic lunar rover.
Luna 23	Template:Flagicon USSR	6 November 1974	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Failed attempt at sample return; damaged on landing. Operated for 3 days on the surface.
Luna 24	Template:Flagicon USSR	18 August 1976	Template:Coord	Robotic sample return.
Hiten	Template:Flagicon Japan	10 April 1993	Template:Coord	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Lunar Prospector	Template:Flagicon USA	31 July 1999	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed into polar crater at end of mission to test for liberation of water vapour (not detected).
SMART-1	ESA	3 September 2006	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat<ref name="astromag">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe	Template:Flag	14 November 2008	Template:Coord	Impactor. Water found.
SELENE Rstar (Okina)	Template:Flag	12 February 2009	Template:Coord	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chang'e 1	Template:Flag	1 March 2009	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Kaguya	Template:Flag	10 June 2009	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>|| Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
LCROSS (Centaur)	Template:Flag	9 October 2009	Template:Coord Template:Coord	Impactors. Water confirmed.
LCROSS (Shepherding Spacecraft)
Chang'e 3	Template:Flag	14 December 2013	Template:Coord	First soft landing on the Moon since 1976, lunar rover.
Chang'e 4	Template:Flag	3 January 2019	Template:Coord	First soft landing on the far side of the Moon, lunar rover.
Beresheet	Template:Flag	11 April 2019	Template:Coord	Israeli lunar lander crash landed on the Moon.
Chandrayaan-2	Template:Flag	8 September 2019	Template:Coord	First attempt to land near the Moon's south pole; lost contact at 2.1 km and crashed.
Chang'e 5	Template:Flag	1 December 2020	Template:Coords<ref name="Ch 5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} Template:PD-notice</ref><ref name="jones">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	First lunar sample return mission by China. Sample successfully returned to Earth on 16 December 2020.
		7 December 2020	Template:Coords<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Intentional impact of ascent stage after delivering sample to orbiter.
Hakuto-R Mission 1	Template:Flagicon Japan	25 April 2023	Template:Coords	Unsuccessful attempt; contact was lost before landing alongside the lander being crash-landed.
Luna 25	Template:Flag	19 August 2023	Template:Coord	Unsuccessful attempt; crashed on lunar surface after failure during lunar orbit insertion.
Chandrayaan-3	Template:Flag	23 August 2023	Template:Coords<ref>Template:Citation</ref>	Soft landing. First Indian soft landing. First soft landing in the south pole region of the Moon. Lunar rover.
Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)	Template:Flag	19 January 2024	Template:Coords<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || Soft landing. First Japanese soft landing. Two lunar rovers.
IM-1 Odysseus	Template:Flag	22 February 2024	Template:Coord<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || First successful soft landing by a commercial lander (Nova-C lander made by Intuitive Machines).
Chang'e 6	Template:Flag	1 June 2024	Template:Coords<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	First far side lunar sample return mission by China. Sample returned to Earth in June 2024.
		6 June 2024	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Intentional impact of ascent stage conducted after delivering sample to orbiter.
Blue Ghost M1 TO 19D	Template:Flag	2 March 2025	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat<ref name="nssdca">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || Commercial Blue Ghost lander made by Firefly Aerospace. Successful soft landing at Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille.
IM-2 Athena	Template:Flag	6 March 2025	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Commercial Nova-C lander made by Intuitive Machines, damaged on landing. Operated for less than a day on the surface.
Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience	Template:Flag	5 June 2025	Template:Lunar coords and quad cat	Commercial Hakuto-R lander made by ispace Inc.. Unsuccessful attempt; contact was lost before landing alongside the lander being crash-landed.
KLEP	Template:Flag	NET NET 2032		Second mission of the Korean Lunar Exploration Program.

Moons of Saturn

Titan

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Huygens probe	ESA	14 January 2005	Template:Coord	Titan floating lander. Successful soft landing. Transmitted data for 90 minutes following landing.

Other bodies

Asteroids

Body	Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Eros	Template:Nowrap	Template:Flagicon USA	12 February 2001	Designed as an orbiter, but an improvised landing was carried out on completion of the main mission. Transmission from the surface continued for about 16 days.
Itokawa	Hayabusa	Template:Nowrap	19 November 2005	Accidentally stayed for 30 min.
			25 November 2005	Stayed for 1 sec. Sample return (very small amount of dust successfully returned to Earth).
Ryugu	Hayabusa2	Template:Flagicon Japan	21 September 2018	MINERVA-II Rover-1A and Rover-1B, deployed successfully and returned data from the surface.
		Template:Flagicon France / Template:Flagicon Germany	3 October 2018	MASCOT rover, deployed successfully and returned data from the surface.
		Template:Flagicon Japan	21 February 2019	Hayabusa2 first touchdown. Successfully collected sample from the surface. Sample returned to Earth on 5 December 2020.
			5 April 2019	Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI), fired at surface to create a crater from which to sample sub-surface material
			April 2019	Deployable Camera 3, photographed the impact created by the Small carry-on Impactor. Presumed to have fallen on the asteroid.
			11 July 2019	Hayabusa2 second touchdown. Successfully collected sub-surface material sample from the crater created by the SCI. Sample returned to Earth on 5 December 2020.
			October 2019	MINERVA-II Rover-2, failed before deployment, so it was released in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted a few days later.
Bennu	OSIRIS-REx	Template:Flagicon USA	20 October 2020	OSIRIS-REx touchdown, collected sample from surface. Sample returned to Earth on 24 September 2023
Dimorphos	Double Asteroid Redirection Test	Template:Flagicon USA	26 September 2022	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Comets

Body	Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Comet 9P/Tempel 1	Deep Impact	Template:Flagicon USA	4 July 2005	Impactor.
Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	Rosetta	ESA	12 November 2014	Philae lander. Successful soft landing, but anchors misfired and Philae bounced multiple times before coming to rest. Philae transmitted briefly but could not maintain power due to its awkward landing.
			29 September 2016	The Rosetta orbiter was intentionally crashed into the comet.

See also

• Deliberate crash landings on extraterrestrial bodies
• List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces
• List of extraterrestrial orbiters
• List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
• Timeline of space exploration