List of prehistoric lakes

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This a partial list of prehistoric lakes. Although the form of the names below differ, the lists are alphabetized by the identifying name of the lake (e.g., Algonquin for Glacial Lake Algonquin). YBP = Years Before Present. Template:Dynamic list

North America

Atlantic Drainage

Stages of proglacial lake development in the region of the current North American Great Lakes
  • St. Lawrence River drainage, i.e., the Great Lakes
    • Champlain Sea; 11,800 – 8,200 YBP on the lower St. Lawrence, from Ottawa River to the Gulf of St. Lawrence<ref name=UWGB>Web animation; University of Wisconsin, Green Bay; 2001</ref><ref>Barnett, P.J. 1988. History of the northwestern arm of the Champlain Sea. Pp 25-36 in Gadd, N.R. (ed.) The Late Quaternary Development of the Champlain Sea Basin. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36. Map 5.</ref>
    • Lake Ontario basin: 8,400 YBP<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Early Lake Ontario; 8,700 – 11,800 YBP<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Admiralty; 10,000 YBP<ref>Postglacial chronology and the origin of deep lake basins in Prince Edward County, Ontario. Conference on Great Lakes Research, 1964 - International Association for Great Lakes Research; Terasmae, E Mirynech; 1964</ref>
      • Lake Frontenac; 12,000 – 11,000 YBP<ref>"Glacial Lake Outflow via the St. Lawrence Pathway Prior to the Champlain Sea Invasion and During the Younger Dryas"; American Geophysical Union; Occhietti, S.; Anderson, T. W.; Karrow, P. F.; Lewis, M. C.; Mott, R. J.; Parent, M.; Richard, P. J.; Rodrigues, C. G.; Stea, R.; 2005; Retrieved 2009-10-15.</ref> covering the Ontario basin and to the northeast up the St. Lawrence Valley covering the low lands north to the Ottawa River and Montreal.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Glacial Lake Iroquois; 13,000 – 10,500 YBP<ref>Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch; Richard Foster Flint; 2008-11; Retrieved 2009-09-26.</ref> and covered all of the Ontario basin and southward across central New York, reaching to the Finger Lakes.<ref name=UWGB/>
    • Finger Lakes of New York plus 12 minor lakes<ref name=Fairchild>Glacial Lakes of Western New York; H.L. Fairchild; Bulletin of the Geological Society of America; Vol. 6, PP, 353-274, Pls. 18-23; Rochester, New York; April 12, 1895</ref>
    • Lake Erie (8,400 YBP) basin<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Early Lake Erie; 11,800 – 8,700 YBP in Ohio, Ontario, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York and located in the Erie basin<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Lundy; 2,000 YBP<ref name=Hansen>The History of Lake Erie; Michael C. Hansen; Ohio Geology Newsletter; Div of Geological Survey, State of Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; 1989</ref> in Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, and New York
      • Lake Elkton stage of Lake Lundy @ Template:Convert above sea level<ref name=Hansen/>
      • Lake Dana stage of Lake Lundy @ Template:Convert above sea level<ref name=Hansen/>
      • Lake Grasmere stage of Lake Lundy @ Template:Convert above sea level<ref name=Hansen/>
      • Lake Tonawanda; 10,000 YBP<ref>Ernest H. Muller (1977), Late Glacial and Early Postglacial Environments in Western New York; Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 288 (1), 223–233. 1977</ref> in western New York
      • Lake Wayne; ended by 12,000 YBP<ref name=Hansen/> in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, expanding from Lake Warren to cover most of the Erie basin<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Warren; 12,700 YBP<ref name=Hansen/> in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, covering southern portion of the basin<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Whittlesey; 13,000 – 12,700 YBP<ref name=Hansen/> in Ohio, Ontario, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. It covered the western half of the Erie basin and north over southwest Ontario to the tip of Lake Huron.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Arkona; 13,600 – 13,200 YBP<ref name=Hansen/> in Ohio, Ontario, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. Covered two-thirds of the Erie basin, north across southwest Ontario to include the southern tip of Lake Huron, the ‘thumb’ of Michigan and low lands south and west of Saginaw Bay.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Maumee; 14,000 – 13,000 YBP<ref name=Hansen/> in Ohio, Ontario and Michigan. The western basin reaching to Fort Wayne, Indiana.<ref name=UWGB/>
    • Lake Rouge in Michigan south of Detroit.
    • Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River:
    • Lake Huron basin
      • Later Lake Saginaw in Saginaw Bay on the lower peninsula of Michigan.
      • Nipissing Great Lakes; 5,500<ref name=seagrant>Reconstruction Low Lake Levels of Lake Michigan; Timothy Fisher; University of Toledo; Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program; University of Illinois; Urbana, IL; 2006</ref> - 4,500 YBP<ref name=Larsen>Geological History of Glacial Lake Algonquin and the Upper Great Lakes; Curtis E. Larsen; U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 1801; United States Government Printing Office; Washington, D.C.; 1987</ref>
      • Lake Nipissing; 8,400 – 5,500 YBP formed as the water bodies in the Superior and Huron basins merged across Sault Ste. Marie around 8,400 YBP and then merged with the Michigan basin around 7,800.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Stanley-Hough; 8,700 YBP, the water levels had risen to connect both Lake Stanley and Lake Hough into a single body of water.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Stanley; 9,000 YBP<ref name=UWGB/> covered only the northern and eastern portion of the main Huron basin with channels into Lake Hough.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Hough; 9,000 YBP<ref name=UWGB/> covered Georgian Bay, Ontario.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Glacial Lake Algonquin; 9,000 – 7,000 YBP<ref name="Larsen"/>
      • Lake Stanley; to 10,000 YBP <ref name=seagrant/>
        Map of Glacial lakes Whittlesey, Saginaw and Chicago
      • Lake Saginaw; 13,500 YBP 10,300 YBP along the southern shore of Saginaw Bay and the low lands to the southwest.<ref name=UWGB/>
    • Lake Michigan (1,500 YBP) basin
      • Nipissing Great Lakes: 5,500<ref name="seagrant"/> - 4,500 YBP<ref name=Larsen/>
      • Lake Nipissing; 8,400 – 5,500 YBP formed as the water bodies in the Superior and Huron basins merged across Sault Ste. Marie around 8,400 YBP and then merged with the Michigan basin around 7,800.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Glacial Lake Algonquin; 9,000 – 7,000 YBP<ref name=Larsen/>
      • Lake Chippewa; 10,700 – 7,500 YBP,<ref name=UWGB/> covered the lowest elevations in the Lake Michigan basin forming a linear lake in the middle, linked by a narrow proto-Straits of Mackinac and the Mackinac Falls to Lake Stanley.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Chicago; 14,000 – 11,000 YBP<ref name=UWGB/> along the southern shore and growing slowly northward.
    • Lake Superior basin
      • Precursor Lakes, before the formation of basin wide bodies of water.<ref name=Leverett154>Professional Paper 154—A, Moriaines and Shore Lines of Lake Superior Basin: Frank Leverett; United States Government Printing Office, Washington; February 9, 1929; (Pages 1-72)</ref>
      • Nipissing Great Lakes: 8,400 – 5,500 YBP formed as the water bodies in the Superior and Huron basins merged across Sault Ste. Marie around 8,400 YBP and then merged with the Michigan basin around 7,800.;<ref name=UWGB/> - 5,500;<ref name="seagrant"/> - 4,500 YBP<ref name=Larsen/>
      • Lake Houghton; 8,700 – 8,000 YBP covered the Superior basin in Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Fenton Lake; 9,500 YBP occupied a shallow basin in the eastern side of Lake Superior after Lake Minong had shrunk below rock sills internal to the lake basin.<ref>A late Lake Minong transgression in the Lake Superior bain as documented by sediments from Fenton Lake, Ontario; Andy Breckenridge, Thomas V. Lowell, Timothy G. Fisher, Shiyong Yu; Springer Science +Business Media B.V.; 2010</ref>
      • Lake Minong; 10,300 – 9,800 YBP <ref name=Huber>"Post-Valders Lake Stages in the Lake Superior Basin", in Glacial and Postglacial Geologic History of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan by N. King Huber, USGS Geological Survey Professional Paper 754-A</ref> covering most of the modern Superior basin.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Post-Duluth Lake; 10,600 YBP<ref name=UWGB/> along the Wisconsin and Michigan shore, reaching less than halfway across the basin.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Lake Duluth; 11,500 – 11,000 YBP<ref name=Huber/> in the western half of the Superior basin.<ref name=UWGB/>
      • Glacial Lake St. Louis occupied St. Louis Bay at the southern tip of modern Lake Superior.
      • Lake Keweenaw; 12,500 – 12,000 YBP<ref name=UWGB/> in the western Superior basin.<ref name=UWGB/>
  • Atlantic Ocean

Via the Gulf of Mexico

Kincare, K.A., Michigan Geological Survey Stone, B.D., and Newell, W.L., U.S. Geological Survey; 7thInternational Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology –Lincoln, Nebraska; ca 2000</ref>

Arctic Drainage

Map of Glacial Lake Agassiz and Lake Ojibway c. 7900 YBP

Pacific Drainage

A map of Pleistocene lakes in the Great Basin, showing the path of the Bonneville flood about 14,500 years ago

Europe

Ancylus Lake c. 10,000 years ago. "Svea älv" was a strait within the lake while Göta älv formed an outlet to the Atlantic Sea.

South America

Asia

Ice Age lakes of Siberia and Central Asia

Africa

Lake Chad during the African humid period about 10,000 years ago (blue) and in 20th century (green).

Oceania

See also

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References

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Template:Pleistocene Lakes and Seas Template:Ice Ages Template:Continental Glaciations