List of rivers of India

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File:Indiarivers.png
Map of India showing the major rivers.

With a land area of Template:Cvt consisting of diverse ecosystems, India has many river systems and perennial streams.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The rivers of India can be classified into four groups – Himalayan, Deccan, Coastal, and Inland drainage. The Himalayan rivers, mainly fed by glaciers and snowmelt, arise from the Himalayas. The Deccan rivers system consists of rivers in Peninsular India that drain into the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. There are numerous short coastal rivers, predominantly on the West coast. There are few inland rivers, which do not drain into the sea.<ref name="FAO">Template:Cite report</ref><ref name="River">Template:Cite web</ref>

Most of the rivers in India originate from the four major watersheds in India. The Himalayan watershed is the source of majority of the major river systems in India including the three longest rivers–the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Indus.<ref name="River"/><ref name="System">Template:Cite web</ref> These three river systems are fed by more than 5000 glaciers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Aravalli range in the north-west serves the origin of few of the rivers such as the Chambal, the Banas and the Luni rivers.<ref name="System"/>

The Narmada and Tapti rivers originate from the Vindhya and Satpura ranges in Central India.<ref name="System"/> In the peninsular India, majority of the rivers originate from the Western Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bengal, while only a few rivers flow from east to west from the Eastern Ghats to the Arabian sea. This is because of the difference in elevation of the Deccan plateau, which slopes gently from the west to the east.<ref name="Geo">Template:Cite web</ref> The largest of the peninsular rivers include the Godavari, the Krishna, the Mahanadi and the Kaveri.<ref name="River"/><ref name="System"/>

River systems

text chart showing confluence of rivers in India
Chart showing the major river systems of India along with the tributaries and distributaries of some of them.

As per the classification of Food and Agriculture Organization, the rivers systems are combined into 20 river units, which includes 14 major rivers systems and 99 smaller river basins grouped into six river units. The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin is the largest, which covers 34% of the land area and contributes to nearly 59% of the available water resources.<ref name="FAO"/>

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River unit Region Draining into Major River(s) Other Rivers Catchment area
(% of land area) 		Average annual runoff
(km3) 		Surface water
(km3)
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna North-east Bay of BengalTemplate:Efn Brahmaputra 34.0 610.62 294.0
Ganges
Meghna
Indus River Basin North-west Arabian SeaTemplate:Efn Indus 10.0 73.3 46.0
West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra North-west Arabian Sea 10.0 15.1 1.9
Godavari Central Bay of Bengal Godavari 9.7 110.5 50
Krishna Central Bay of Bengal Krishna 8.0 78.1 76.3
Mahanadi Central-east Bay of Bengal Mahanadi 4.4 66.9 18.3
East flowing rivers between Pennar and Kanyakumari
(excluding Kaveri) 		South-east Bay of Bengal 3.1 16.5 13.1
Narmada Central-west Arabian Sea Narmada 3.1 45.6 14.5
East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar
(excluding Godavari and Krishna) 		South-east Bay of Bengal 2.7 22.5 19.0
Kaveri South Bay of Bengal Kaveri 2.5 21.4 6.9
Tapti Central-west Arabian Sea Tapti 2.0 14.9 11.9
Pennar South-east Bay of Bengal Pennar 1.7 6.3 58.0
West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari South-west Arabian Sea 1.7 113.5 16.7
West flowing rivers between Tapti and Tadri South-west Arabian Sea 1.7 87.4 24.3
Brahmani-Baitarani North-east Bay of Bengal Brahmani
Baitarani 		1.6 28.5 6.8
North-east rivers
excluding Brahmaputra 		North-east Bay of BengalTemplate:Efn 1.1 31.0
Mahi North-west Arabian Sea Mahi 1.1 11.0 34.5
Subarnarekha North-east Bay of Bengal Subarnarekha 0.9 12.4
Sabarmati North-west Arabian Sea Sabarmati 0.7 3.8 3.1
Rajasthan inland basin North-east None Luni Negligible Negligible 15.0

Alphabetical list

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A–H

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I–L

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M–R

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S–Z

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See also

Notes

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References

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Template:Geography of India Template:Asia topic Template:Waters of South Asia Template:India Rivers

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