Louis de Freycinet

Template:Short description Template:For multi Template:Infobox military person Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet (7 August 1779 – 18 August 1841) was a French Navy officer. He circumnavigated the Earth, and in 1811 published the first map to show a full outline of the coastline of Australia.

Biography

He was born at Montélimar, Drôme. Louis-Claude de Saulces de Freycinet was his full name (many calling him Louis de Freycinet). His mother was Élisabeth-Antoinette-Catherine Armand.<ref>Template:Gallica (Directory of the nobility of France and the sovereign houses of Europe), André Borel d'Hauterive</ref> He had three brothers, Louis-Henri de Saulces de Freycinet, André-Charles de Saulces de Freycinet and the youngest, Frédéric-Casimir de Saulces de Freycinet (father of Charles de Freycinet). Louis-Claude was the second oldest.

In 1793 he joined the French Navy as a midshipman, and took in several engagements against the British. In 1800, Freycinet was appointed to an exploration expedition to Southern and South-Western coasts of Australia under Nicolas Baudin, on Naturaliste and Géographe. Freycinet's brother, Louis-Henri de Freycinet, was also part of the expedition.

Between September 1802 and August 1803, Freycinet captained the schooner Casuarina, surveying the Australian coastline. He then transferred to Naturaliste, and returned to France in 1804.Template:Sfnp Matthew Flinders was being held captive by the French on Mauritius, thus many of his discoveries were revisited and unintendedly claimed by François Péron, and new names were given by this expedition. In 1824, it was remedied in the second edition of Voyage découvertes aux terres australes.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In the end, Baudin and Freycinet managed to have their map of the Australian coastline published in 1811, three years before Flinders published his.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> An inlet on the coast of Western Australia is called Freycinet Estuary. Cape Freycinet between Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste and the Freycinet Peninsula with Freycinet National Park in Tasmania also bear the explorer's name.Template:Cn

File:Voyage of Freycinet-P5260010.JPG

Depiction of Freycinet's exploration to the Southern territories.

In 1805, he returned to Paris, and was entrusted by the government with the work of preparing the maps and plans of the expedition. He also completed the narrative, and the whole work appeared under the title of Voyage de découvertes aux terres australes (Paris, 1807–1816).

The plant genus Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) was named in his honor,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as was the Hawaiian native tree/shrub Santalum freycinetianum.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Circumnavigation on Uranie

French soldiers, priest, Hawaiians on ship

Baptism of Hawaiians on the Uranie in 1819

In 1817, he was given command of the French corvette Uranie (1811), especially reconfigured to a new exploration voyage. Uranie carried the marine hydrologist Louis Isidore Duperrey, the naturalists Jean Quoy and Joseph Gaimard, the artist Jacques Arago, and his junior draughtsman Adrien Taunay the Younger.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Uranie sailed to Rio de Janeiro by December 1817, taking a series of pendulum measurements gather information in the fields of geography, ethnology, astronomy, terrestrial magnetism, meteorology, and for collecting specimens in natural history. Freycinet also managed to sneak his wife Rose de Freycinet aboard.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfnp

For three years, Freycinet cruised about the Pacific, visiting Australia twice (1818 and 1819), New Guinea (1818-1819), the Mariana Islands (early 1819), Hawaiian Islands (August 1819) other Pacific islands, South America, and other places. Notwithstanding the loss of Uranie on the Falkland Islands during the return voyage, Freycinet returned to France with fine collections in all departments of natural history, and with voluminous notes and drawings of the countries visited.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The results of this voyage were published under Freycinet's supervision, with the title of Voyage autour du monde fait par ordre du Roi sur les corvettes de S. M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820, in 13 quarto volumes and 4 folio volumes of plates and maps.

Freycinet was admitted into the French Academy of Sciences in 1825, and was one of the founders of the Paris Geographical Society. He died at the family's Château de Freycinet<ref>Château de Freycinet.</ref> near Saulce-sur-Rhône, Drôme in 1841.

Journals of the Voyage 1817-1820

• Vol. 1 Part 1: Book I France to Brazil. pub.1827.
• Vol. 1 Part 2: Book II Brazil to Timor. pub.1828.
• Vol. 2 Part 1: Book III Timor to the Marianas. pub.1829.
• Vol. 2 Part 2: Book IV Guam to Hawaii; Book V Hawaii to Port Jackson 1819. pub.1829.
• Vol. 2 Part 3: Book V Hawaii to Port Jackson; Book VI Port Jackson to France 1820. pub.1839.
• Zoology. pub.1824.
• Zoology Plates. pub.1824.
• Botany. pub.1826.
• Botany Plates. pub.1826.
• Navigation and Hydrography, Part 1. pub.1826.
• Navigation and Hydrography, Part 2. pub.1826.
• Pendulum Observations. pub.1826.
• Terrestrial Magnetism. pub.1842.
• Meteorology. pub.1844.

See also

• European and American voyages of scientific exploration
• Freycinet Map of 1811

Taxa named in his honor

• The Indonesian speckled carpetshark, Hemiscyllium freycineti is named after him.<ref name = ETYFish>Template:Cite web</ref>
• The flowering plant, Freycinetia (Pandanaceae)
• Periophthalmodon freycineti, the pug-headed mudskipper, is a species of mudskipper from the subfamily Oxudercinae of the gobiiform family Oxudercidae. It distribution extends from the Philippines through eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Queensland.<ref name = ETYFish1>Template:Cite web</ref>

Notes and references

Notes Template:Reflist

References Template:Reflist

Bibliography Template:Library resources box

• Edward Duyker François Péron: An Impetuous Life: Naturalist and Voyager, Miegunyah/MUP, Melb., 2006, Template:ISBN,
• Fornasiero, Jean; Monteath, Peter and West-Sooby, John. Encountering Terra Australis: the Australian voyages of Nicholas Baudin and Matthew Flinders, Kent Town, South Australia, Wakefield Press, 2004. Template:ISBN
• Frank Horner, The French Reconnaissance: Baudin in Australia 1801–1803, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1987 Template:ISBN.
• Marchant, Leslie R. French Napoleonic Placenames of the South West Coast, Greenwood, WA. R.I.C. Publications, 2004. Template:ISBN
• Hordern House, Captain Louis de Freycinet and his Voyages to the Terres Australes, Hordern House, Sydney, 2011 Template:ISBN
• Rose de Freycinet (patronymic Pinon) and Federico Motta, curator, Rose de Freycinet. Una viaggiatrice clandestina a bordo dell'Uranie negli anni 1817-20, Verona, Giugno 2017. Translation of Rose original Journal, fully annotated with new documents and with a comprehensive revision of Louis de Freycinet travel, Template:ISBN
• Template:Cite book
• Rare Freycinet map. Ile Decrès, or Kangaroo Island, 1803, held by the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia [1]