Mariano Rivera
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:Featured article Template:Infobox baseball biography
Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969) is a Panamanian-American former professional baseball player who was a pitcher for 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1995 to 2013. Nicknamed "Mo"<ref name=mo/> and "Sandman",<ref name=sandman /> he spent most of his career as a relief pitcher and served as the Yankees' closer for 17 seasons. A thirteen-time All-Star and five-time World Series champion, he is MLB's career leader in saves (652) and games finished (952). Rivera won five American League (AL) Rolaids Relief Man Awards and three Delivery Man of the Year Awards, and he finished in the top three in voting for the AL Cy Young Award four times. In 2019, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility, and is to date the only player ever to be elected unanimously by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).<ref name="ESPN results"/>
Raised in the modest Panamanian fishing village of Puerto Caimito, Rivera was an amateur player until he was signed by the Yankees organization in 1990. He debuted in the major leagues in 1995 as a starting pitcher, before permanently converting to a relief pitcher late that year. After a breakthrough season in 1996 as a setup man, he became the Yankees' closer in 1997. In the following seasons, he established himself as one of baseball's top relievers, leading the major leagues in saves in 1999, 2001, and 2004. Rivera primarily threw a sharp-moving, mid-90s mile-per-hour cut fastball that frequently broke hitters' bats and earned a reputation as one of the league's toughest pitches to hit. With his presence at the end of games, signaled by his foreboding entrance song "Enter Sandman", Rivera was a key contributor to the Yankees' dynasty in the late 1990s and early 2000s that won four championships in five years. He was an accomplished postseason performer, winning the 1999 World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award and the 2003 AL Championship Series MVP Award, while setting postseason records that included lowest earned run average (ERA) (0.70) and most saves (42).
Rivera is considered one of the most dominant relievers in major league history. Pitching with a longevity and consistency uncommon to the closer role, he saved at least 25 games in 15 consecutive seasons and posted an ERA under 2.00 in 11 seasons, both of which are records. When he retired, his career 2.21 ERA and 1.00 WHIP were the lowest in the live-ball era among qualified pitchers. Fellow players credit him with popularizing the cut fastball across the major leagues. Along with his signature pitch, Rivera was known for his precise control, smooth pitching motion, and composure on the field. In 2013, the Yankees retired his uniform number 42; he was the last major league player to wear the number full time, following its league-wide retirement in 1997 in honor of Jackie Robinson. In 2014, MLB named its AL Reliever of the Year Award in Rivera's honor. A devout Christian, he has been involved in charitable causes and the religious community through the Mariano Rivera Foundation. For his philanthropy, Rivera received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, in September 2019.
Early life
Mariano Rivera was born on November 29, 1969,<ref name="42things">Template:Cite magazine</ref> in Panama City, Panama, to Mariano Rivera Palacios and Delia Jiron.<ref name="longride">Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera has one older sister, Delia, and two younger brothers, Alvaro and Giraldo.<ref>Levin (2008), p. 12</ref> Supported by Mariano Sr.'s job as captain of a fishing boat,<ref name=s4>Sherman (2006), pp. 4–5</ref> the family lived in Puerto Caimito, a Panamanian fishing village that Rivera described as "poor".<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref> As a young man, Rivera played soccer and baseball with his friends on the beach during low tide.<ref name=sandman>Template:Cite news</ref> Soccer was his favorite sport, and Pelé his favorite athlete.<ref name="red">Template:Cite web</ref> For baseball games, they substituted cardboard milk cartons for gloves and tree branches for bats,<ref name=usa>Template:Cite web</ref> and they fashioned balls by taping wads of shredded fishing nets.<ref name="early">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="humblegreatest">Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera used this makeshift equipment until his father bought him his first leather glove when he was 12 years old.<ref name="glove">Template:Cite news</ref> Speaking about his youth, Rivera said that although he stayed out of trouble, he "was hanging with the wrong people".<ref name="inspire">Template:Cite web</ref>
Rivera attended Escuela Victoriano Chacón for elementary school and La Escuela Secundaria Pedro Pablo Sanchez for his secondary education,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but he dropped out in ninth grade.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At age 16, he began to learn the fishing trade by working on a commercial boat captained by his father, catching sardines.<ref name=early/><ref name=humblegreatest/> Rivera, who worked six-day weeks, year round,<ref name="nydn-advance-hof">Template:Cite web</ref> called the job "extremely hard" and was more interested in becoming a mechanic.<ref name=humblegreatest/> He spent three years learning the fishing trade,<ref name="nydn-advance-hof"/> saving the money he earned in hopes of opening an automobile repair shop.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Two incidents on his father's boat validated his doubts about fishing as a career. In 1988, Rivera's uncle Miguel was lashed by an unsecured rope that shot off a hydraulic mechanism, and a month later he died from his injuries.<ref name="wapo-boat">Template:Cite news</ref> About a year later, at age 19, Rivera was forced to abandon his father's ship after it began capsizing due to a malfunctioning water pump and an overweight load of fish.<ref name=usa/><ref name="wapo-boat"/>
Rivera continued to play sports during his teenage years but eventually quit soccer around age 17 after a series of ankle and knee injuries. Consequently, he shifted his attention to baseball, though he considered it a hobby rather than a potential profession.<ref name=early/><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> At age 18, Rivera joined the Panamá Oeste Vaqueros, a local amateur baseball team, as a utility player.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Herb Raybourn, a scout, watched him play shortstop in a 1988 baseball tournament but did not project him to be a major leaguer.<ref name="humblest">Template:Cite web</ref> A year later,<ref name=s4/> Panamá Oeste's pitcher performed so poorly in a playoff game that Rivera was asked to replace him, and despite no experience at the position, he pitched well.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Teammates Claudino Hernández and Emilio Gáez consequently contacted Chico Heron, a scout for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). Two weeks after his pitching debut, Rivera was invited to a Yankees tryout camp run by Heron in Panama City.<ref name=s4/> Raybourn, who had returned to Panama to scout as the Yankees' director of Latin American operations, received a tip about Rivera. Raybourn was surprised to hear he had switched positions but decided to watch him throw.<ref name=humblest/> Although Rivera lacked formal pitching training, weighed just Template:Convert, and threw only Template:Convert, Raybourn was impressed by his athleticism and smooth, effortless pitching motion.<ref name=s4/> Viewing the free agent Rivera as a raw talent, Raybourn signed him to a contract with the Yankees organization on February 17, 1990;<ref name=s4/> the contract included a signing bonus of US$2,500 ($Template:Inflation today), according to MLB records.<ref name=humblest/>
Professional baseball career
Minor leagues (1990–1995)
After signing his contract, Rivera—who spoke no English and had never left home before—flew to the United States and reported to the Gulf Coast League (GCL) Yankees, a Rookie level minor-league affiliate of the New York Yankees.<ref name=early/> Feeling lonely and homesick, he wrote home to his parents often, as they did not have access to telephones in Puerto Caimito.<ref name=glove/> At that point in his career, scouts considered Rivera to be a "fringe prospect" at best,<ref>Sherman (2006), p. 7</ref> but he made progress with a strong 1990 season for the GCL Yankees. Pitching mostly in relief, he allowed only 24 baserunners and one earned run in 52 innings pitched—a 0.17 earned run average (ERA).<ref name=minors>Template:Cite web</ref> The team permitted Rivera to start the season's final game in order for him to accumulate enough innings pitched to qualify for the league's ERA title (which carried a $500 bonus); his subsequent seven-inning no-hitter "put him on the map with the organization", according to manager Glenn Sherlock.<ref>Sherman (2006), pp. 68–69</ref> In the offseason, Rivera returned to Panama and tipped Raybourn off about a promising local player, Rivera's 16-year-old cousin Rubén, whom the Yankees consequently signed.<ref name=s4/>
In 1991, Mariano was promoted to the Class A level Greensboro Hornets of the South Atlantic League, where he started 15 of the 29 games in which he pitched. Despite a 4–9 win–loss record, he recorded a 2.75 ERA in Template:Frac innings pitched and struck out 123 batters while walking 36 batters.<ref name=minors/> New York Yankees manager Buck Showalter took notice of Rivera's strong strikeout-to-walk ratio, calling it "impressive in any league" and saying, "This guy is going to make it."<ref>Sherman (2006), pp. 13–14</ref> A minor-league scout for the Cincinnati Reds filed a report that season about Rivera that said: "long arms w/ slender strong body, loose actions...will challenge in velocity...maturity is a question, consistency is a question...consistency will need to be maintained to improve and advance."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1992, Rivera was promoted to the Class A-Advanced level Fort Lauderdale Yankees of the Florida State League (FSL), but he missed the first third of the season with elbow stiffness.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He started ten games for Fort Lauderdale,<ref name=minors/> compiling a 5–3 win–loss record and a 2.28 ERA, while walking only five batters in Template:Frac innings pitched.<ref name="armmuscle">Template:Cite news</ref> Ultimately, Rivera was sidelined again after suffering damage to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) in his right elbow.<ref name="si-ucl">Template:Cite magazine</ref> The injury was attributed to him snapping his wrist during his throwing motion in an attempt to improve the movement of his slider.<ref name=s17>Sherman (2006), pp. 17–18</ref> Rivera underwent elbow surgery on August 27, 1992,<ref name="si-ucl"/> leading to concerns that he would be out through the 1993 season.<ref name="armmuscle"/> Contrary to popular belief, the operation was not Tommy John surgery; Rivera's surgeon, Frank Jobe, determined that ligament replacement was not necessary and instead repaired the frayed UCL.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera was left unprotected by the Yankees in MLB's 1992 expansion draft, which filled the rosters for two expansion teams, the Florida Marlins and Colorado Rockies.<ref name="42things"/> At one point in the draft, Marlins general manager Dave Dombrowski was planning to select Rivera with his next pick, but after the Rockies chose Yankee Brad Ausmus, the Yankees were shielded from losing any more players; Rivera went undrafted.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
During Rivera's rehabilitation, he played catch with former Yankees pitchers Whitey Ford and Ron Guidry, and faced batting practice from his first minor-league pitching coach, former pitcher Hoyt Wilhelm.<ref name=s17/> After recuperating, Rivera pitched an abbreviated 1993 season for the Rookie-level Yankees and Class A Greensboro, during which he was kept on a limited pitch count.<ref name="1993journalnews">Template:Cite news</ref> Hornets shortstop Derek Jeter, who would later be Rivera's teammate in the major leagues, tracked his pitch count during games.<ref name="post-journey">Template:Cite news</ref> In 12 starts, Rivera recorded a 2.08 ERA,<ref name="1993journalnews"/> walking 16 batters in Template:Frac innings pitched.<ref name=minors/> Watching him recover, the Hornets' official scorer Ogi Overman was not optimistic about Rivera's future, saying, "I thought [he] was on a one-way trip to nowhere."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rivera began the 1994 season with the Class A-Advanced level Tampa Yankees of the FSL. In June, he was promoted to the Double-A level Albany-Colonie Yankees of the Eastern League,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> followed by a promotion to the Triple-A level Columbus Clippers of the International League in July.<ref name="levin23">Levin (2008), pp. 23–26</ref> Rivera finished his season with a 10–2 record and a 3.09 ERA overall,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but he struggled in Columbus, recording a 5.81 ERA in six starts.<ref name="levin23"/> At the start of the 1995 season, he was ranked the ninth-best prospect in the Yankees organization by sports magazine Baseball America;<ref name=s18>Sherman (2006), pp. 18–19</ref> by contrast, Rivera's highly touted cousin Rubén was ranked the second-best prospect in the entire sport.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Mariano's pitching repertoire primarily consisted of fastballs at the time, with a slider and changeup as secondary pitches.<ref name="s17"/> He began the 1995 season with Columbus, pitching to a 1–1 record and a 1.50 ERA in four starts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Major leagues (1995–2013)
1995–1997
After being called up to the major leagues on May 16, 1995,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera made his debut for the New York Yankees on May 23 against the California Angels.<ref name="42things"/> Starting in place of injured pitcher Jimmy Key,<ref name=eck/> Rivera allowed five earned runs in Template:Frac innings pitched in a 10–0 loss.<ref name="42things"/> He struggled through his first four major league starts, posting a 10.20 ERA, and as a result, he was demoted to Columbus on June 11.<ref name="42things"/> As a 25-year-old rookie just three years removed from major arm surgery, Rivera did not have a guaranteed spot in the Yankee organization. Management considered trading him to the Detroit Tigers for starter David Wells.<ref name="conf">Template:Cite magazine</ref> While recovering from a sore shoulder in the minor leagues, Rivera pitched a no-hit shutout in a rain-shortened five-inning start on June 26.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Reports from the game indicated that his pitches had reached Template:Convert, about Template:Convert faster than his previous average velocity; Rivera attributes his inexplicable improvement to God. Yankees general manager Gene Michael was skeptical of the reports until verifying that Columbus' radar gun was not faulty and that another team's scout had taken the same measurements. Afterwards, he ended any trade negotiations involving Rivera.<ref name=s18/> On July 4, in his first start back in the major leagues, Rivera pitched eight scoreless innings against the Chicago White Sox, allowing just two hits while striking out 11 batters.<ref name="8ip-cws">Template:Cite web</ref> In five subsequent starts, he was unable to match his success from that game.<ref name="8ip-cws"/> After a brief demotion to Columbus in August, Rivera made one last start in the major leagues in September before he was moved to the Yankees' bullpen.<ref name=s18/> Overall, he finished his first major league season with a 5–3 record and a 5.51 ERA in ten starts and nine relief outings.<ref name="espn">Template:Cite web</ref> His performance in the American League Division Series against the Seattle Mariners, in which he pitched Template:Frac scoreless innings of relief, convinced Yankees management to keep him and convert him to a relief pitcher the following season.<ref name="king">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Rivera was nearly traded prior to the 1996 season to address the Yankees' depleted depth at the shortstop position. Owner George Steinbrenner considered an offer to send Rivera to the Mariners in exchange for shortstop Félix Fermín, but Yankees management convinced Steinbrenner to instead entrust the position to rookie Derek Jeter.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1996, Rivera served primarily as a setup pitcher, typically pitching in the seventh and eighth innings of games before closer John Wetteland pitched in the ninth.<ref name=usa/> Their effectiveness as a tandem helped the Yankees win 70 of 73 games that season when leading after six innings.<ref>Zimniuch (2010), pp. 219, 221</ref> Over a stretch of games between April 19 and May 21, Rivera pitched 26 consecutive scoreless innings,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> including 15 consecutive hitless innings.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the streak, he recorded his first career save in a May 17 game against the Angels.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera finished the regular season with a 2.09 ERA in Template:Frac innings pitched and set a Yankees single-season record for strikeouts by a reliever (130).<ref name=early/> Baseball Reference calculated his value to the Yankees that year to be 5.0 wins above replacement (WAR), a figure no reliever has surpassed in a single season since.<ref name="fangraphs-jaffe">Template:Cite web</ref> In the postseason, he allowed just one earned run in Template:Frac innings pitched,<ref name=ps-stats/> helping the Yankees advance to and win the 1996 World Series against the Atlanta Braves.<ref name="96ws">Template:Cite news</ref> It was the franchise's first World Series championship since 1978.<ref name="96ws"/> In MLB's annual awards voting by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), Rivera finished in twelfth place for the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award and third for the AL Cy Young Award, which is given to the league's best pitcher.<ref name="96cy">Template:Cite web</ref> Commentator and former player Tim McCarver said that the Yankees "revolutionized baseball" that year with Rivera, calling him "a middle reliever who should have been on the All-Star team and who was a legitimate MVP candidate".<ref>Zimniuch (2010), p. 221</ref>
Yankees management decided not to re-sign Wetteland in the offseason, opting instead to replace him with Rivera as the team's closer.<ref name=usa/> In April 1997, MLB retired the uniform number 42 league-wide to honor the 50th anniversary of Jackie Robinson breaking the baseball color line, although Rivera was among 13 players allowed to keep the number per a grandfather clause.<ref name="jr42">Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera's transition from setup man to closer in 1997 was not seamless; he blew three of his first six save opportunities and indicated that he was initially uncomfortable in the role.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> With reassurance from manager Joe Torre, Rivera settled into the ninth-inning role,<ref name=usa/> and he earned his first All-Star selection with 27 saves and a 1.96 ERA at the midseason break.<ref name="97asg">Template:Cite web</ref> In the 1997 All-Star Game, he pitched a perfect ninth inning to collect his first save in an All-Star Game.<ref name=97asg/> That summer, he added a cut fastball to his pitching repertoire after accidentally discovering how to throw the pitch.<ref name="mosv">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Rivera finished the regular season with 43 saves in 52 opportunities and a 1.88 ERA.<ref name=brpro/> His first year as closer ended with a blown save in Game 4 of the AL Division Series against the Cleveland Indians; with the Yankees four outs from advancing to the next round of the postseason, Rivera allowed a game-tying home run to Sandy Alomar Jr. The Yankees eventually lost the game as well as the next one, eliminating them from the postseason.<ref name=conf/>
1998–2001
Rivera spent two weeks on the disabled list with a groin strain during the opening month of the 1998 season,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but following his return, he continued to establish himself as one of the major leagues' best closers. Moreover, he became the central figure of a Yankees bullpen that, supported by middle relievers Jeff Nelson and Mike Stanton, contributed to the team's late-1990s dynasty.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> That year, Rivera made the cutter one of his primary pitches, and it quickly became his signature, earning a reputation for breaking hitters' bats with its sharp lateral movement.<ref name="formality">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="cutter98"/> He saved 36 games in 41 opportunities and had a 1.91 ERA in the regular season.<ref name=espn/> In the 1998 postseason, he pitched Template:Frac scoreless innings and saved six games,<ref name=ps-stats/> three of which came in the 1998 World Series against the San Diego Padres. Rivera's save in Game 4 of the series clinched the Yankees' championship, capping off a season in which they won an MLB-record 125 games combined in the regular season and the postseason.<ref name="98ws">Template:Cite news</ref> By season's end, Rivera had allowed only two earned runs in 35 career postseason innings pitched—a 0.51 ERA—and by surpassing 30 innings pitched, he qualified for the major league record for lowest postseason career ERA;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> it is a record he still holds after 141 innings pitched.<ref name="ps-stats">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=ps-rec/>
In his salary arbitration case during the offseason, Rivera was awarded a $4.25 million salary,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> a raise from the $750,000 he was previously earning.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1999, Rivera was selected for the All-Star team for a second time with 23 saves and a 2.29 ERA in the first half of the season.<ref name=brpro/><ref name="99splits">Template:Cite web</ref> That summer, the Yankee Stadium scoreboard production staff began playing the song "Enter Sandman" by heavy metal band Metallica as Rivera's entrance music. Staff members selected the song after witnessing in the previous year's World Series how enthusiastically San Diego fans reacted to closer Trevor Hoffman entering games accompanied by AC/DC's "Hells Bells". Although Rivera was indifferent to his entrance song and personally listened to Christian music, "Enter Sandman" soon became as much a part of his closer identity as his cutter.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> After recording three blown saves and a 7.84 ERA in July, he allowed just one earned run over his last 30 appearances.<ref name=99splits/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He ended the season with a 1.83 ERA and 45 saves in 49 opportunities, his first time leading the major leagues in saves. He received his first AL Rolaids Relief Man Award, which was given annually to the league's best closer based on their statistics.<ref name=brpro/> In the 1999 World Series against the Atlanta Braves, Rivera recorded a win and two saves, the second of which clinched the Yankees' championship title, his third overall. For his performance against Atlanta, he received the World Series MVP Award.<ref name="toughbats">Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera finished 1999 by pitching 43 consecutive scoreless innings in the regular season and postseason combined,<ref name=toughbats/> and he placed third in voting for the AL Cy Young Award.<ref name="99cy">Template:Cite web</ref> After the season, he said that he intended to play four more seasons before retiring to become a minister, though he backed off those plans the following year.<ref name="infallible">Template:Cite news</ref>
In the offseason, Rivera was denied a $9.25 million salary in arbitration but was awarded $7.25 million per year instead, which was at the time the highest arbitration award in baseball history.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the 2000 season, Rivera was selected as an All-Star with 21 saves and a 2.95 ERA in the first half.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On July 8, he saved both games of a day-night doubleheader against the New York Mets, one at Shea Stadium and the other at Yankee Stadium.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He ended the season with 36 saves in 41 opportunities and a 2.85 ERA.<ref name=brpro/> In the postseason, Rivera saved six games, allowed three earned runs in Template:Frac innings pitched,<ref name=ps-stats/> and broke two major league records: he eclipsed Dennis Eckersley's record for most postseason saves with the 16th of his career;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> he also broke Whitey Ford's record for most consecutive scoreless innings pitched in postseason play, a streak that ended shortly thereafter at Template:Frac innings.<ref name=33ip/> In the 2000 World Series against the Mets, Rivera clinched a championship for the Yankees for the third consecutive year, his fourth championship overall.<ref name=infallible/> His save in the decisive Game 5 was the seventh World Series save of his career, setting a new record.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By that point in his career, Rivera had established a reputation as an exceptional postseason performer<ref name=conf/>—journalist Jack Curry called him the "infallible weapon" and "the greatest reason the Yankees [were] three-time champions".<ref name=infallible/>
With Rivera's contract set to expire after 2001, the Yankees signed him to a four-year, $39.99 million deal prior to the season, marking the first long-term contract of his career.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2001, he was selected for the All-Star team for a third consecutive year. His final numbers included a 2.34 ERA, a closer career-high Template:Frac innings pitched, and an MLB-leading 50 saves in 57 opportunities—his second time leading the league.<ref name=brpro/> His saves total that year broke the Yankees' single-season record (46) set by Dave Righetti in 1986,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and it made him just the sixth MLB pitcher to reach 50 saves in a single season.<ref name="edes-nov01">Template:Cite news</ref> For his performance, Rivera earned his second AL Rolaids Relief Man Award and finished eleventh in voting for the AL MVP Award.<ref name="edes-nov01"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Despite having what sportswriters deemed an "aura of invincibility" in the postseason,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera failed to close out the decisive Game 7 of the 2001 World Series against the Arizona Diamondbacks. In one of his most infamous moments, he blew the save in the ninth inning, in part due to his own throwing error, and later lost the series for the Yankees by allowing a bloop single to Luis Gonzalez with the bases loaded to score the winning run.<ref name=usa/> It was the first and only loss of Rivera's postseason career,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and it snapped his record streak of 23 consecutive postseason saves converted.<ref name=23sv/>
2002–2005
On May 9, 2002, Rivera recorded his 225th career save, surpassing Dave Righetti as the Yankees' franchise leader in saves.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Over the next few months of the season, injuries limited his playing time. He was first placed on the disabled list in June due to a groin strain,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> though his first-half numbers, which included a 1.47 ERA and 21 saves,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> earned him an All-Star selection.<ref name=brpro/> In a game on July 14, Rivera endured one of his worst outings, allowing six earned runs, including a walk-off grand slam. One week later, he was placed on the disabled list with a shoulder strain. Rivera was activated on August 8 after receiving a cortisone shot but returned to the disabled list after a recurrence of shoulder tightness.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> For the season, Rivera recorded a 2.74 ERA and 28 saves in 32 opportunities in just 46 innings pitched.<ref name=espn/>
To placate the Yankees' concerns about his durability, Rivera followed a strength and conditioning program in the offseason, instead of throwing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Torre said that he intended to reduce Rivera's workload during the 2003 season to minimize injury risks,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> but Rivera suffered a groin injury before the season began, causing him to miss the first month.<ref name="03dl">Template:Cite news</ref> After returning on April 30,<ref name=03dl/> he pitched well in the season's first half, saving 16 games in 17 opportunities.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His save on June 13 against the St. Louis Cardinals secured the 300th career win for starter Roger Clemens.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera slumped early in the second half; over one stretch, he blew five of eleven save opportunities,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but he rebounded to convert his final 15 opportunities of the season.<ref name="03rb">Template:Cite news</ref> He finished the 2003 regular season with a new career best in ERA (1.66), along with 40 saves in 46 opportunities.<ref name="03rb"/> In the AL Championship Series against the arch-rival Boston Red Sox, Rivera had one of the most memorable postseason performances of his career; in the decisive Game 7, he entered in the ninth inning with the score tied 5–5 and pitched three scoreless innings, his longest outing since 1996. He became the winning pitcher after Aaron Boone hit an eleventh-inning walk-off home run that clinched the Yankees' series victory and advanced them to the 2003 World Series.<ref name=03alcs/> Rivera celebrated by running to the pitcher's mound and collapsing in joy to thank God, as Boone rounded the bases and was met by his teammates at home plate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera was named the AL Championship Series MVP for recording two saves and a win in the series.<ref name="03alcs">Template:Cite web</ref> The Yankees lost the World Series to the Florida Marlins;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera saved five games and allowed only one earned run in 16 innings pitched that postseason.<ref name=ps-stats/>
With a year remaining on his contract, Rivera signed a two-year extension in March 2004 worth $21 million, with an option for a third year.<ref name="04ext">Template:Cite news</ref> On May 28, he reached 300 career saves, making him the 18th player to do so.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was selected to his sixth All-Star team with a 0.99 ERA and an AL record-setting 32 saves at the midseason break.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Rivera's final numbers for the year included a 1.94 ERA and a career-high 53 saves in 57 opportunities; it was his third time leading the major leagues in saves. Along with winning a third AL Rolaids Relief Man Award, he placed third in the AL Cy Young Award voting.<ref name=brpro/><ref name="04cy">Template:Cite web</ref> Following the Yankees' victory in the AL Division Series against the Minnesota Twins, Rivera returned home to Panama to mourn two relatives who had died in an accident in his swimming pool. Despite his status being in doubt for the AL Championship Series against the Red Sox, he returned to New York for Game 1 after attending the funeral in Panama earlier in the day. He recorded a save that night, as well as in Game 2.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Although the Yankees led three-games-to-none in the series, Rivera blew saves in Games 4 and 5, and the Red Sox won both games in extra innings to avoid elimination. In Game 4, Boston's Dave Roberts pinch ran and stole second base against Rivera, eventually scoring on a single to tie the game. In Game 5, Rivera entered with a one-run lead with runners on base and allowed a sacrifice fly to tie the score. Boston's comeback victories helped them become the first (and, as of 2025, the only) team in MLB history to win a best-of-seven series in which they trailed three-games-to-none.<ref name="04alcs">Template:Cite news</ref> Although he allowed just one earned run in the 2004 postseason, he blew three of five save opportunities in the two series.<ref name=ps-stats/>
Following a career high in appearances in 2004,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera did not throw during the offseason, unlike previous years.<ref name="soxpain">Template:Cite news</ref> His 2005 season began on a low note. After missing time in spring training with elbow bursitis, he blew his first two save opportunities of the season against the Red Sox, marking four consecutive blown opportunities against Boston dating back to the previous postseason.<ref name=soxpain/> Fans at Yankee Stadium booed Rivera,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and baseball journalists speculated if his days as a dominant pitcher were over.<ref name=soxpain/><ref name="klapisch">Template:Cite web</ref> He was subsequently cheered by Red Sox fans during pre-game introductions at Fenway Park the following week, in recognition of his struggles against the Red Sox. He responded to the ovation with a sense of humor by tipping his cap to the crowd.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Rivera rebounded in dominating fashion.<ref name="cy">Template:Cite web</ref> He pitched 23 consecutive scoreless innings,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> set a new career high by converting 31 consecutive save opportunities,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and was selected to the All-Star team.<ref name=brpro/> Over the course of the season, he passed Rollie Fingers,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Randy Myers,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Jeff Reardon on MLB's all-time saves list, moving into fifth place.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera finished 2005 with 43 saves in 47 opportunities, and set new career bests in many statistical categories, including ERA (1.38) and walks plus hits per inning pitched, or WHIP (0.87). Rivera limited opposing hitters to a batting average against of .177, then the best mark of his closer career. In addition to winning a fourth AL Rolaids Relief Man Award,<ref name=brpro/> he was voted by fans as the inaugural winner of the Delivery Man of the Year Award.<ref name="dhl05">Template:Cite news</ref> In the BBWAA's awards voting, Rivera placed second for the AL Cy Young Award behind starter Bartolo Colón, and ninth for the AL MVP Award—his best finishes for both awards.<ref name=brpro/><ref name="05cy">Template:Cite web</ref> During the postseason, MLB announced the Latino Legends Team, an all-time roster of Latino players voted the greatest by fans; Rivera was named the team's relief pitcher.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Clear
2006–2008
Rivera began 2006 with a 3.72 ERA and two losses in April, but his numbers improved in subsequent months.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On June 6, he saved his 391st career game, passing Dennis Eckersley for the fourth-most saves in major league history.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera was selected to his third consecutive All-Star team with a 1.76 ERA and 19 saves entering the midseason break.<ref name="oz">Template:Cite web</ref> He saved the AL's comeback victory in the All-Star Game for his third career All-Star save, tying Eckersley's record.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On July 16, Rivera achieved another milestone by becoming the fourth MLB pitcher to reach 400 saves.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In August, he guaranteed his $10.5 million contract option for 2007 by reaching 114 games finished over two years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Although a throwing elbow strain sidelined Rivera for most of September,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> he finished the 2006 season with 34 saves in 37 opportunities and an ERA of 1.80—his fourth consecutive season with a sub-2.00 ERA.<ref name=espn/> For a second consecutive year, fans voted him the Delivery Man of the Year.<ref name="dhl06">Template:Cite news</ref>
With his contract set to expire after the 2007 season, Rivera sought an extension with the Yankees during spring training. Team management declined to negotiate near the start of the season, prompting him to respond that he would consider free agency at the end of the year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In April, Rivera blew his first two save opportunities, compiled two losses, and surrendered nine earned runs in Template:Frac innings pitched.<ref name="07sp">Template:Cite web</ref> Concerned sportswriters attributed his struggles to infrequent use, as the Yankees presented him with few situations to enter a game.<ref name=volatile/> Rivera saved 30 of his next 32 opportunities and posted a 2.26 ERA over the final five months of the season.<ref name=07sp/> On July 14, he passed John Franco for third place on the all-time saves list with his 425th career save.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Still, Rivera finished 2007 with closer career worsts in earned runs (25), hits (68), and ERA (3.15), and his 30 saves in 34 opportunities were his second-lowest total since 1997.<ref name=espn/> After the Yankees were eliminated from the playoffs in the opening round, Rivera stated his intentions to test the free agent market. He initially indicated that his decision of where to sign would be influenced by whether long-time manager Joe Torre was re-signed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Although Torre did not return,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera remained with the Yankees by agreeing to a three-year, $45 million contract, making him the highest-paid reliever in baseball history.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rivera rebounded in 2008 and began the year with 16 consecutive scoreless innings pitched and 28 consecutive save opportunities converted, both personal bests to start a season.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="mlb08">"Bio – 2008 Highlights", MLB.com</ref> His first-half performance, highlighted by a 1.06 ERA and 23 saves in as many opportunities,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> garnered him his ninth All-Star selection. Leading up to the 2008 MLB All-Star Game, which was held at Yankee Stadium in the venue's final year of existence, a few sportswriters proposed making Rivera the AL's starting pitcher as a tribute to him and his home ballpark.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He instead was used as a reliever in the AL's extra-inning win.<ref name=mlb08/> In the final month of the season, he recorded two milestones: on September 15, he recorded his 479th save to pass Lee Smith for second all-time in regular season saves;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> on September 21, in the final game at Yankee Stadium, Rivera threw the final pitch in the venue's history, retiring Brian Roberts of the Baltimore Orioles on a ground-out.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After the Yankees missed the postseason for the first time in his career, Rivera disclosed that he had suffered from shoulder pain throughout the year. Tests revealed calcification of the acromioclavicular joint in his throwing shoulder, for which he underwent minor arthroscopic surgery in the offseason.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rivera's 2008 season was one of his best individual years. Along with a 1.40 ERA and 39 saves in 40 opportunities, he set career bests in multiple statistical categories, including WHIP (0.67), on-base plus slugging (OPS)-against (.422), batting average against (.165), save percentage (97.5%), walks (6), earned runs (11), and blown saves (1). He averaged 9.81 strikeouts per 9 innings pitched, his best mark as a closer.<ref name="brpro">Template:Cite web</ref> He pitched with such control that his 12.83 strikeout-to-walk ratio made him the second MLB pitcher ever to record a figure that high in a season (minimum 50 innings pitched).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He placed fifth in the AL Cy Young Award voting.<ref name="08cy">Template:Cite web</ref>
2009–2012
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In his first 12 appearances of 2009, Rivera surrendered four home runs and had a 3.97 ERA,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> leading to speculation about his cutter's effectiveness and his shoulder's health at age 39.<ref name="hr">Template:Cite web</ref> As the season progressed, his numbers improved, and on June 28 he became the second pitcher to reach 500 regular season saves. In the same game, while batting against fellow closer Francisco Rodríguez, he collected his first career run batted in by walking with the bases loaded.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> With 23 saves in 24 opportunities and a 2.43 ERA in the season's first half, Rivera was named an All-Star for the tenth time.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His save in the All-Star Game was his fourth career All-Star save, setting a new record.<ref name="asgsv">Template:Cite news</ref> In the season's second half, Rivera allowed earned runs in only two of his final 40 appearances,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> while he set a new personal best for consecutive save opportunities converted with 36.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He finished the regular season with a 1.76 ERA, 44 saves in 46 opportunities, and a 0.90 WHIP.<ref name=espn/> In the postseason, he pitched 16 innings, allowing one earned run and saving five games,<ref name=ps-stats/> and he clinched the Yankees' victory in the 2009 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies—his fifth championship. He was the only closer who did not record a loss or blown save that postseason.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera collected several awards at season's end, including his third Delivery Man of the Year Award,<ref name="dhl09">Template:Cite news</ref> his fifth AL Rolaids Relief Man Award, and the 2009 Sporting News Pro Athlete of the Year Award.<ref name="09sn">Template:Cite news</ref> Reflecting on the decade's end, ESPN.com's Jerry Crasnick called Rivera the most valuable major league pitcher of the previous 10 years.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2010, Rivera and two of his "Core Four" teammates, Derek Jeter and Jorge Posada, became the first trio in any of the four major sports leagues in North America (MLB, NFL, NBA, or NHL) to play together on the same team for 16 consecutive seasons.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In May, Rivera blew a save to snap a personal streak of 51 consecutive save opportunities converted at home, tying him with Éric Gagné for the MLB record at the time.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera had one of his best first halves, compiling a 1.05 ERA, 20 saves in 22 opportunities, and 0.64 WHIP before the All-Star break,<ref name="10splits">Template:Cite web</ref> and in June, he set a personal best streak with 24 consecutive batters retired.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He earned an 11th All-Star selection but withdrew from the game due to lingering oblique and knee injuries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the second half, he was less effective—he struck out batters half as often, and in September, he compiled three blown saves and a 4.76 ERA.<ref name=10splits /> Rivera ended 2010 with a 1.80 ERA and 0.83 WHIP, numbers that were among his career bests, though his 33 saves in 38 opportunities and 6.75 strikeouts per 9 innings ratio were below his career averages.<ref name=espn/> In the postseason, he pitched Template:Frac scoreless innings while saving three games.<ref name=ps-stats/> After becoming a free agent in the offseason, he agreed to a two-year, $30 million contract to remain with the Yankees.<ref>Template:Bulleted list</ref>
That same offseason, Trevor Hoffman retired as the all-time regular season saves leader with a final tally of 601, leaving Rivera as the active leader in saves and 42 behind Hoffman's record to start 2011.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera's season was marked by several milestones. He broke the all-time record for games finished,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in May, he became the 15th pitcher to make 1,000 appearances and the first to do so with a single team.<ref name="1000gp">Template:Cite web</ref> He was named an All-Star for the 12th time with a 1.85 ERA and 22 saves in 26 opportunities at the midseason break,<ref name="11splits">Template:Cite web</ref> but for the second consecutive year, he skipped the game to rest injuries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His pursuit of the saves record reached a climax in the final month of the season. On September 13, he collected his 600th save, making him just the second pitcher to accomplish the feat.<ref name="sv600">Template:Cite web</ref> Four days later, he saved his 601st game, tying him with Hoffman for the most in MLB history.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera broke the record on September 19 at Yankee Stadium by closing out a 6–4 win against the Twins, the final out a strikeout of Chris Parmelee.<ref name="sv602">Template:Cite web</ref> After the game, Panamanian President Ricardo Martinelli called him to offer his congratulations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera finished the season with a 1.91 ERA, a 0.90 WHIP, and 44 saves in 49 opportunities,<ref name=brpro/> making him the first pitcher over the age of 40 to save at least 40 games in a season.<ref name=alpotw/> In the offseason, he underwent throat surgery to remove polyps from his vocal cords.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rivera began the 2012 season by blowing a save on Opening Day but followed it with eight scoreless innings and five saves for the remainder of April.<ref name="dn-acl">Template:Cite news</ref> After just nine appearances, his season was prematurely ended by a freak injury; prior to a May 3 game against the Kansas City Royals, Rivera was shagging balls during batting practice but his right knee buckled on the field's warning track, causing him to tear his right anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).<ref name="dn-acl"/><ref name="ap-retire-anmt">Template:Cite web</ref> Speculation grew that the injury would end his career, as he had hinted at retirement during spring training.<ref name="si-acl">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera put those concerns to rest the following day when he announced his intentions to return, saying: "Write it down in big letters. I'm not going down like this."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He successfully underwent ACL reconstructive surgery on June 12, while his meniscus, previously thought to have been damaged, did not need to be repaired.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rafael Soriano filled in as closer in Rivera's absence and saved 42 games in 46 opportunities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera signed a one-year, $10 million contract in the offseason to remain with the team.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2013
After successfully rehabilitating his knee in the offseason, the 43-year-old Rivera announced on March 9, 2013, that he would retire after the 2013 season, his 19th in the major leagues.<ref name="ap-retire-anmt"/> Throughout his final year, Rivera spent time during visits to each ballpark meeting privately with fans and unsung team employees to hear their stories and thank them for supporting baseball.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He explained: "It was important for me to meet the people who make baseball what it is, the people who work in the game every day. They have given me far more than I have given them."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Each opposing team returned the favor by honoring Rivera with a gift during his final visit to their city. In Cleveland, the Indians teamed up with the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to present Rivera with a gold record of his entrance song "Enter Sandman".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Minnesota Twins commissioned a rocking chair made of broken bats, many broken personally by Rivera's cutter, called the "Chair of Broken Dreams".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The rival Boston Red Sox gave him a painting and several artifacts from Fenway Park.<ref name="gifts">Template:Cite news</ref> Many teams made donations to the Mariano Rivera Foundation, the pitcher's charitable organization.<ref name=gifts/> Corporate sponsors of the Yankees paid tribute as well. Delta Air Lines dedicated a Boeing 757 airplane with Rivera's signature and uniform number 42 on the exterior,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> while Hard Rock Cafe retired "Enter Sandman" from its song system at all locations except for its Yankee Stadium restaurant.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rivera's 10 saves in 10 opportunities in April were his highest total for the opening month of a season.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He converted his first 18 save attempts of the season until blowing a save against the Mets on May 28; it was the first time that he blew a save and lost a game without recording an out.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera entered the midseason break with 30 saves in 32 opportunities and a 1.83 ERA,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and he was named an All-Star for the 13th time in his career, the second-most All-Star selections for a pitcher behind Warren Spahn's 17.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During the All-Star Game, held at Citi Field in New York, Rivera was called upon to pitch in the eighth inning for his final All-Star appearance. As he trotted onto the field, players from both teams remained near their dugouts and joined fans in giving Rivera a standing ovation as he stood alone on the field.<ref name="13asg">Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera retired all three batters he faced, preserving his 0.00 career ERA in All-Star Games.<ref name="13asg"/> He was named the All-Star Game MVP,<ref name="asgmvp">Template:Cite web</ref> making him the first reliever selected to an All-Star team to ever receive the award, as well as the first pitcher since Pedro Martínez in 1999 and the second Yankee ever after Derek Jeter in 2000.<ref name=asgmvp/> He became the first MLB player to be named the MVP of a World Series, League Championship Series, and All-Star Game.<ref name="42things"/> Rivera's performance dipped in the second half of the season, as he blew five save opportunities in the last two months, including three consecutive chances for the first time in his career. In a Fox Sports documentary chronicling his final year entitled Being: Mariano, Rivera said that the season-long process of bidding farewell to baseball had mentally and physically drained him and that by September, he had "no desire" left for the sport.<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref>
On September 22, 2013, a day that Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg declared "Mariano Rivera Day", the Yankees held a 50-minute pre-game tribute to Rivera at Yankee Stadium. In a ceremony attended by former teammates, Yankees staff, and members of Jackie Robinson's family, Rivera's uniform number 42 was retired by the team, making him the first active Yankee to receive that honor. Metallica performed "Enter Sandman" live as he walked onto the field during the festivities. The team presented a video montage and several gifts to Rivera before he addressed the crowd to offer his thanks.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Four days later against the Tampa Bay Rays, he pitched in the final game of his career before a home crowd at Yankee Stadium. Entering in the eighth inning to a pre-recorded introduction by late Yankees public address announcer Bob Sheppard, Rivera pitched Template:Frac innings without allowing a baserunner. In the ninth inning, after retiring Yunel Escobar on a pop fly for the second out, Rivera was removed from the game; with permission from the umpires, Yankees manager Joe Girardi ceremonially delegated the substitution duty to Rivera's long-time teammates Andy Pettitte and Derek Jeter. After they reached the mound to make the pitching change, the normally reserved Rivera tearfully embraced his teammates for nearly a minute. Walking off the field to a standing ovation from fans and players, he saluted the crowd and then took a curtain call. After the game, he visited the mound for a final time and grabbed a handful of dirt as a memento.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera finished his final season with a 2.11 ERA, 1.05 WHIP, and 44 saves in 51 opportunities,<ref name=espn/> earning him the AL Comeback Player of the Year Award, among several awards.<ref name="13awards">Template:Cite web</ref> During the World Series, he was honored as the 13th recipient of the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award for his accomplished career and for being "a great ambassador of the game".<ref name="chaa">Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Clear
Player profile
Pitching style
Rivera's signature pitch was a cut fastball or "cutter", which exhibited lateral movement towards left-handed hitters similar to that of a slider but with the velocity of a fastball.<ref name="cuthell">Template:Cite news</ref> The sharp, late movement of Rivera's cutter prevented hitters from making contact with the ball on the sweet spot of their bats, leading to them not only making weak contact on batted balls but also frequently breaking their bats.<ref name="broken">Template:Cite news</ref> According to a tally by columnist Buster Olney, Rivera broke 44 bats during the 2001 regular season.<ref name=formality/> Chipper Jones, who once witnessed teammate Ryan Klesko break three bats in a plate appearance against Rivera in the 1999 World Series,<ref name=toughbats/> called the pitch a "buzz saw".<ref name=klapisch/> Rivera's long fingers and loose wrist allowed him to impart more spin on the ball, contributing to the pitch's movement.<ref name=mosv/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Describing his grip of the cutter, he said, "it's really a four-seam fastball with pressure on the middle finger". By adjusting the pressure that he applied to the ball with his fingertips, he could vary the pitch's movement.<ref name=mosv/> One of the keys to his cutter grip was bending his thumb at the knuckle and tucking it under the ball so the nail aligned with his middle finger; this position prevented his thumb pad from impeding the spin of the ball as it left his hand.<ref name="halladay-mo">Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera threw four-seam and two-seam fastballs as complementary pitches but primarily used his cutter;<ref name=conf/><ref name="onepitch">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="newsd-tuneup">Template:Cite news</ref> according to baseball statistics website Fangraphs, Rivera threw at least 82% cutters each season from 2008 to 2013.<ref name="fangraphs">Template:Cite web</ref> All three pitches typically reached a velocity in the low-to-mid 90s mph.<ref name=conf/><ref name=onepitch/><ref name="newsd-tuneup"/>
Template:Multiple image Early in his major league career, Rivera was a "power pitcher" who relied on an overpowering four-seam fastball that topped out at Template:Convert to retire hitters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="subtle">Template:Cite news</ref> By enticing them to swing and miss at pitches high in the strike zone, he accumulated strikeouts at a high rate.<ref name=subtle/> Rivera altered his pitching style after accidentally discovering the cutter. One day in June 1997 during one of his daily warm-up tosses with teammate Ramiro Mendoza, Rivera noticed that his fastballs were moving sharply and unpredictably, a problem that began to occur in games as well.<ref name=subtle/><ref name=mosv/> After unsuccessfully spending a month trying to eliminate the movement, Rivera relented and incorporated the cutter into his pitching repertoire,<ref name=mosv/> making it one of his primary pitches in 1998.<ref name="cutter98">Template:Cite news</ref> When asked about the pitch's origin, he explained: "It was just from God. I didn't do anything. It was natural."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> As he came to rely on the cutter, Rivera began to record more outs on batted balls.<ref name=subtle/> This change resulted in his strikeouts per 9 innings rate decreasing from 10.87 in 1996 to 5.3 in 1998,<ref name=brpro/> but it also decreased his pitches per inning rate from 18.7 in 1995 to 14.9 in 1998.<ref name=subtle/> Rivera credited his improved efficiency and consequent longevity in baseball to his long-time pitching coach Mel Stottlemyre.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rivera had an impeccable ability to accurately locate pitches and consistently throw strikes, particularly on the inside and outside edges of the strike zone. This strength offset his reliance on one pitch and hitters' anticipation of it.<ref name=onepitch/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His former catcher Joe Girardi said: "He was so easy to catch because he always put the ball right there. I don't think there's ever been a pitcher that great who was so easy to catch."<ref name="exit">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Rivera's 4.10 career strikeout-to-walk ratio in the regular season ranks 16th-best in MLB history.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His control was a byproduct of his smooth, easily repeated pitching motion,<ref name=mosv/> one that Darrin Fletcher found deceptive as an opposing hitter. He said in 1999 that Rivera "almost kind of lulls you to sleep with his delivery. It gives you a false sense of security, and then the ball is on you and it's exploding."<ref name=broken/>
Template:Quote box Defying conventional wisdom of lefty-righty matchups, switch hitters occasionally batted right-handed when facing the right-handed Rivera, believing that his cutter would jam a batter hitting left-handed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Similarly, some managers, such as Bruce Bochy in the 1998 World Series, sent right-handed batters to pinch hit for left-handers against Rivera, thinking that the cutter would be more difficult for lefties to hit.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Opposing hitters occasionally chose to face Rivera with backup or batting practice bats, rather than risk breaking their best ones against his cutter.<ref name=mosv/><ref name=broken/>
Rivera was considered an exceptional athlete, distinguished by his slender physique and durability.<ref name=king/> His propensity to shag balls during batting practice convinced scouts he could be a top AL center fielder. Olney compared Rivera's regimen of physical preparation and guidelines for staying healthy to Satchel Paige's "Rules for Staying Young".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Former teammate Alex Rodriguez expressed amazement at Rivera's athleticism and claimed that the pitcher completed a Template:Convert vertical jump in Yankees training camp at age 41.<ref>Template:Cite episodeTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
Personality
Rivera exhibited a reserved demeanor on the field that contrasted with the emotional, demonstrative temperament of many of his peers.<ref name=mosv/> Hall of Fame closer Goose Gossage said that Rivera's composure under stress gave him the appearance of having "ice water in his veins".<ref name=conf/><ref>Levin (2008), p. 28</ref> Commenting on his ability to remain focused in pressure situations, Rivera said, "When you start thinking, a lot of things will happen... If you don't control your emotions, your emotions will control your acts, and that's not good." His ability to compartmentalize his successes and failures impressed fellow reliever Joba Chamberlain, who said, "He's won and lost some of the biggest games in the history of baseball, and he's no worse for the wear when he gives up a home run."<ref name="heart">Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera explained the need to quickly forget bad performances, saying, "the game that you're going to play tomorrow is not going to be the same game that you just played."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Derek Jeter called him the "most mentally tough" teammate with whom he had ever played.<ref name=cy/>
During his playing career, Rivera was regarded as a team leader within the Yankees organization, often mentoring younger pitchers and counseling teammates.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He had a team-first mindset and deferred most discussions about individual accolades to team goals and his teammates, praising them for making his presence in games possible.<ref name=sv600/> When asked to describe his job, Rivera once put it simply, "I get the ball, I throw the ball, and then I take a shower."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Legacy
Template:Quote box Rivera was a dominant reliever throughout his career, pitching with a consistency and longevity uncharacteristic of a role commonly marked by volatility and high turnover.<ref name="volatile">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In his 17-year tenure as the Yankees' closer, Rivera compiled considerable career numbers. A 13-time All-Star, he is MLB's all-time regular season leader in saves (652) and games finished (952).<ref name=brpro/> He pitched in 1,115 regular season games, which is fourth-most in MLB history,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the most in AL history,<ref name="al-gp"/> and the most by a right-handed pitcher.<ref name="42things"/> Rivera holds or shares several records for the most seasons of reaching various save milestones, including seasons with at least: 20 saves (sixteen);<ref name="20sv16x"/> 25 saves (fifteen consecutive,<ref name="25consv15x"/> sixteen total<ref name="25sv16x"/>); 30 saves (nine consecutive,<ref name="30consv9x"/> fifteen total<ref name="30sv15x"/>); 35 saves (twelve);<ref name="35sv12x"/> 40 saves (nine);<ref name="40-50sv"/> and 50 saves (two).<ref name="40-50sv"/> At the time of his retirement, Rivera's career ERA (2.21) and WHIP (1.00) were the lowest of any MLB pitcher in the live-ball era (minimum 1,000 innings pitched), making him one of the top pitchers since 1920 at preventing hitters from reaching base and scoring.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He recorded an ERA under 2.00 in 11 seasons, tying him with Walter Johnson for the most such seasons (minimum 60 innings pitched each).<ref name="sub2era">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Rivera also ranks first in career adjusted ERA+ (205), a statistic that adjusts ERA for league and ballpark to allow comparisons of pitchers on the same baseline.<ref name=era/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His 1,135 regular season strikeouts rank 13th all time among relievers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In addition to his strong regular season numbers, Rivera excelled in the postseason,<ref name="verducci">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> recording an 8–1 win–loss record and a 0.76 WHIP.<ref name=ps-stats/> He holds numerous postseason records, including lowest career ERA among players with a minimum of 30 innings pitched (0.70), most saves (42),<ref name="ps-rec">Template:Cite web</ref> most consecutive scoreless innings pitched (Template:Frac),<ref name=33ip/> most consecutive save opportunities converted (23),<ref name=23sv/> and most games pitched (96).<ref name=ps-rec/> He saved more than twice as many postseason games as any other pitcher; Kenley Jansen, with 20, has the next-highest total.<ref name="ps-rec"/> In an oft-cited statistic, more people have walked on the Moon (12) than have scored an earned run against Rivera in the postseason (11).<ref name="mlb-19hof-elect">Template:Cite web</ref> Joe Torre, who was the Yankees' manager for most of Rivera's career, said: "Let's face it. The regular season for Mo is great, but that's the cupcakes and the ice cream. What separates him from everybody else is what he's done in the postseason."<ref name=mosv/> Rivera's dominance in the postseason often led to him being utilized for two-inning appearances,<ref name=verducci/> as he saved a record 14 postseason games in this manner—more than all other MLB relievers combined while he was an active player.<ref name="ESPN results"/> He ranks first all time in win probability added (WPA) in the postseason with 11.7, nearly three times the total of the next-closest player.<ref name="ps-wpa">Template:Cite web</ref> He also ranks first all time in championship WPA in the postseason (183, or 1.83),<ref name=ps-rec/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> meaning his performance alone added nearly two World Series championships to the Yankees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In a 2009 ESPN.com poll, Rivera was voted one of the top five postseason players in MLB history.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Neil Greenberg of The Washington Post ranked him the most "clutch" player in MLB postseason history.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Rivera achieved a reputation as an all-time great reliever among baseball experts and his peers.<ref name=conf/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Hall of Fame starter-turned-closer Dennis Eckersley called him "the best ever, no doubt",<ref name="eck">Template:Cite web</ref> while Trevor Hoffman said he "will go down as the best reliever in the game in history".<ref name=conf/> Torre said, "He's the best I've ever been around. Not only the ability to pitch and perform under pressure, but the calm he puts over the clubhouse."<ref name="04ext"/> Writer Tom Verducci said, "Rivera is definitively the best at his position by a wider margin than any player at any position in the history of baseball. There is Rivera, a gulf, and then every other closer."<ref name="si-acl"/> He compared Rivera's reputation for being the best at his sport's position to those of Michael Jordan in basketball and Wayne Gretzky in ice hockey.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> MLB Commissioner Bud Selig said, "Clearly unequivocally, he's the greatest relief pitcher of all time, and did it in a way that was remarkable."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Speaking about Rivera's looming presence at the end of games, Alex Rodriguez said: "He's the only guy in baseball who can change the game from a seat in the clubhouse or the bullpen. He would start affecting teams as early as the fifth inning, because they knew he was out there. I've never seen anyone who could affect a game like that."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Gossage said that Rivera "might be the greatest closer of all-time" but suggested that the modern closer's job has become too specialized and easy compared to multiple-inning "firemen" from Gossage's era;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Zimniuch (2010), p. 97</ref> Rivera had only one regular season save of seven-plus outs in his career, whereas Gossage logged 53.<ref>Rosen (2011), p. 213</ref> Rivera has been ranked among the greatest baseball players of all time, with The Athletic ranking him 91st in 2019,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and ESPN.com ranking him 31st in 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Two years later, ESPN.com ranked him 59th on its list of the top 100 professional athletes of the 21st century.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:MLBBioRet Rivera is well respected throughout baseball for his professionalism. Fellow closer Joe Nathan said: "I look up to how he's handled himself on and off the field... You never see him show up anyone and he respects the game. I've always looked up to him and it's always a compliment to be just mentioned in the same sentence as him."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Michael Young said of Rivera: "I respect Mo more than anybody in the game. The guy goes out there, gets three outs and shakes [Jorge] Posada's hand. You appreciate someone who respects the game like he does, respects the people he plays with and against, and obviously his results speak for themselves."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a Sports Illustrated cover story about Rivera that was published in the final week of his career, Verducci said of the pitcher, "Few players in any sport have retired with more reverence from his peers."<ref name=exit/> Rivera was the last MLB player to wear the uniform number 42 on a regular basis; at the time of his retirement, he was the only active player still grandfathered by the league to wear Jackie Robinson's retired number.<ref name=jr42/> Speaking about Rivera's connection to her husband, Robinson's widow Rachel said: "[Rivera] carried himself with dignity and grace, and that made carrying the number a tribute to Jack... I've always been proud and pleased that Mariano was the one chosen to wear that number because I think he brought something special to it."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Presenting him with the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award, Selig said: "Throughout his illustrious career, he has represented his family, his country, the Yankees and all of Major League Baseball with the utmost class and dignity. It is wholly appropriate that Mariano was the last Major League player to wear Jackie Robinson's sacred number 42."<ref name=chaa/>
Rivera's cut fastball was a respected pitch among major league players.<ref name=king/><ref name="scare">Template:Cite web</ref> Jim Thome called it "the single best pitch ever in the game".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> David Ortiz echoed his sentiment, saying: "[Rivera's] cutter was the single best pitch I've ever seen, but the really amazing thing is how he was able to do it for so many years. Are there guys now who have stuff as nasty as Mariano? Maybe for one year, two years. But nobody could maintain it like he did."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2004, ESPN.com ranked his cutter as the best "out pitch" in baseball.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Olney described his cut fastball as "the most dominant pitch of a generation".<ref>Levin (2008), p. 59</ref> Several of Rivera's colleagues credit him with popularizing the cutter among major league pitchers. Fellow closer Jason Isringhausen, who adopted the pitch later in his career, said: "I think he's been an influence on everybody that throws it. Everybody saw what [Rivera] could do, basically with one pitch. Nobody could throw it like he did, but now, you talk about the evolution of the cutter—just ask hitters about it and they tell you everybody's throwing one. And they hate it."<ref name=cuthell/> Al Leiter, whose signature pitch was a cutter, echoed Isringhausen's sentiments: "Now, everybody throws it and Mo has had a huge influence on that. Pitchers watched him and marveled at what he did with one pitch."<ref name=cuthell/> During the 2008 All-Star break, Roy Halladay consulted Rivera for help with his own cutter and traced the reliever's suggested grip onto a baseball as a visual reference; Rivera's willingness to help an opponent drew a playful fine from his teammates in the Yankees' kangaroo court.<ref name="halladay-mo"/> Template:Clear
Personal life
Rivera and his wife Clara have known each other since elementary school,<ref name=king/> and they were married on November 9, 1991.<ref>Levin (2008), p. 22</ref> They have three sons: Mariano III, Jafet, and Jaziel. The family lived in Panama until 2000, when they relocated to Westchester County, New York.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2006, the Riveras purchased a Template:Convert home in Rye, New York, for $5.7 million. They listed it for sale for $3.995 million in 2020,<ref name="wsj-homes">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and sold it for $3.783 million in June 2022.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The couple also sold a lakefront home in Tampa, Florida, for $3.2 million in December 2019.<ref name="wsj-homes"/>
Mariano III joined the Quinnipiac Bobcats baseball team as a walk-on, and after transferring, he also pitched for Iona College in New Rochelle, not far from his home.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was drafted by the Yankees with the 872nd pick in the 2014 MLB draft,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but decided to return to Iona for his junior year.<ref name="jr15draft">Template:Cite web</ref> In the following year's draft, Mariano III was selected by the Washington Nationals in the fourth round with the 134th overall pick.<ref name="jr15draft" /> After pitching for the Potomac Nationals minor league team for four seasons, he opened an automobile repair shop in Chester, New York, in 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Over the course of his professional career, Rivera learned English, beginning in 1991 with the Greensboro Hornets, when he realized none of his teammates spoke his native Spanish.<ref>Levin (2008), p. 20</ref> He is now a proponent of Latino players learning English and of American press members learning Spanish to bridge the cultural gap.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He encouraged immigrants to the United States to make learning English their top priority.<ref name="pmof-nyt">Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera became a naturalized citizen of the United States in October 2015 and was recognized as an Outstanding American by Choice during the ceremony.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In February 2019, a Panamanian woman accused Rivera of failing to financially support her two children, a boy and a girl then aged 11 and 15, that Rivera had allegedly fathered out of wedlock. Five lawsuits were filed in his native country, demanding child support that he allegedly stopped paying two years earlier. He called the demands "unfounded",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the two sides ultimately settled the lawsuits.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Religion and philanthropy
Rivera is a devout Christian. During his childhood, neither he nor his family attended church, but after a born-again experience around the age of 21, Rivera became religious and converted from Catholicism to a Pentecostal faith.<ref name=inspire/><ref name=king/> His parents followed his lead after seeing the difference it made in him.<ref name=inspire/> Rivera believes that God has a reason for everything that happens. For example, he found his failure in Game 7 of the 2001 World Series easier to deal with when he learned of the consequences it had for teammate Enrique Wilson. Had the Yankees won the series, Wilson would have remained in New York for the championship parade and would have departed for his native Dominican Republic on American Airlines Flight 587, which crashed shortly after takeoff and killed all 260 people aboard. Rivera told Wilson, "I am glad we lost the World Series, because it means that I still have a friend."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera's pitching glove was inscribed "Phil. 4:13", in reference to the Bible verse Philippians 4:13 ("I can do all things through Christ, who strengthens me").<ref>Hollander (2005), pp. 55–59</ref>
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Rivera is involved with philanthropic efforts in several countries. The Mariano Rivera Foundation, a [[501(c)(3) organization|Template:Nowrap organization]] established in July 1998,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> helps provide underprivileged children with an education, distributing more than $500,000 annually in the US and Rivera's native Panama through church-based institutions.<ref name=king/> His contributions in Panama include building an elementary school, providing Christmas gifts to children, and developing a program that provides computer access and adult mentors to youths.<ref name=mlb12>"Bio – 2012 Highlights", MLB.com</ref> Rivera has funded church start-ups in Panama, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, California, Florida, and New York. In 2011,<ref name="nymagsaved">Template:Cite magazine</ref> he acquired a 107-year-old church from the city of New Rochelle for $1, and after his foundation renovated it at a cost of $3 million, it opened in March 2014 as Refugio de Esperanza ("Refuge of Hope").<ref name="ap-refuge">Template:Cite web</ref> The church is part of the Assemblies of God organization<ref name="nyt-coverup">Template:Cite web</ref> and hosts a Pentecostal congregation that previously met at Rivera's home, with his wife Clara serving as its pastor.<ref name="ap-refuge"/>
For years, the Mariano Rivera Foundation was a private institution, but during his final baseball season in 2013, many teams wanted to commemorate the pitcher by donating to his foundation. As a result, he formed a public version of it; Naomi Gandia was appointed its executive director, working from its headquarters in Stanton, Delaware.<ref name="foundation-del">Template:Cite news</ref> Since retiring from baseball, Rivera has dedicated himself to philanthropy and his churches.<ref name=king/><ref name=nymagsaved/><ref name="newfall">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2014, he and Clara created a scholarship in their names that they have awarded to students at the local College of New Rochelle.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Recently, Rivera has organized an annual charity golf tournament that benefits White Plains Hospital and his foundation.<ref name="nydn-advance-hof"/> He also holds multiple events annually in Delaware, including giveaways of backpacks with school supplies to children, distribution of turkey dinners during the holiday season, and the "Mariano Rivera Foundation 5K & Kids Run".<ref name="foundation-del"/> In 2021, his foundation launched the Mariano Rivera Mentorship Program, a faith-based initiative aimed at serving underprivileged males in Gainesville, Florida; New Rochelle; and Houston.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2012, the Giving Back Fund estimated that Rivera donated $627,500 to charity in 2010, ranking him as the 25th-most generous celebrity on a list that the fund compiled.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He won the 2013 Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award, which is given to the MLB player "who inspires others through his on-field performances and contributions to his community".<ref name="13awards"/>
Business interests and endorsements
Template:Multiple image Rivera was an investor in two New York area restaurants: "Clubhouse Grill", which opened in New Rochelle in 2006 as "Mo's New York Grill";<ref name=mo>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Siro's, which opened in Manhattan in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Both restaurants have since closed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2015, he opened a Toyota and Scion car dealership in Mount Kisco, New York,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in 2022, he opened a Honda dealership in Port Jefferson Station, New York.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He is a founder and part-owner of Cherri Cafe, a coffee company focused on Central American coffee, especially Panamanian beans.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera joined the Washington Speakers Bureau in July 2019 as a paid public speaker.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> In July 2022, he became co-president of the newly formed United International Baseball League, the first professional baseball league in the Middle East and South Asia;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in November of that year, it was announced that the league had been renamed Baseball United and that he had joined its investment and ownership group.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
Rivera has been a celebrity spokesman for several companies, including: Nike sports apparel;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Canali, a premium men's clothing company, as their first athlete spokesperson;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the New York Acura Dealers;<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> Skechers footwear;<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> and The Hartford Financial Services Group.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera donated all his earnings from endorsement deals to his foundation.<ref name="foundation-del"/> In June 2019, a partnership between Rivera and e-commerce website eBay was announced. According to eBay, the company created a collection of Rivera-centric sports memorabilia that included 42 game-used and personal items donated by him for auction to benefit his foundation.<ref name="ebay-pr">Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2024, he modeled for a streetwear collaboration between the New York Yankees and the clothing company New York or Nowhere.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
A 2011 list by the marketing firm Nielsen ranked him as the second-most marketable player in baseball behind only Derek Jeter; the list accounted for personal attributes such as sincerity, approachability, experience, and influence.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Based on sales figures from Majestic Athletic, Rivera had the 18th-best-selling MLB jersey in 2011,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the top-selling jersey in the second half of 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He earned approximately $169.6 million in salary during his baseball career,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> ten percent of which he donated to his foundation.<ref name="foundation-del"/>
Politics
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Rivera is a supporter of Israel as a Jewish state.<ref name="washex-israel">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2013, the New York Board of Rabbis (NYBR) named him their "Man of the Year".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The organization helped facilitate trips to Israel in 2015 and 2018 in which Rivera participated. The latter trip included a visit to Michve Alon, an Israel Defense Forces base, that was arranged by Friends of the Israel Defense Forces.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera attended the Christians United for Israel conference in July 2019.<ref name="washex-israel"/>
Rivera served on the Opioid and Drug Abuse Commission formed by US president Donald Trump in March 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The following May, Rivera was nominated to co-chair the President's Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was appointed to a second two-year term on the council in December 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He continued as a co-chair until 2022, when President Joe Biden appointed new co-chairs, but continued to serve as member of the council.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera was once again named to the council in 2025 for Trump's second presidency.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In August 2018, he co-hosted a fundraiser dinner for the America First Action PAC with Donald Trump Jr. and Kimberly Guilfoyle. In response to a Daily Beast article in July 2019 that labeled his politics "far-right",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera defended himself and affirmed his support for President Trump, saying: "I respect him, I respect what he does. I believe that he's doing the best for the United States of America." Rivera said that their friendship predated Trump's presidency and that he would not "turn [his] back on [Trump]".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rivera continued to support Trump into 2024, endorsing him prior to that year's presidential election.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Lawsuit against Refuge of Hope church
In January 2025, a civil lawsuit was filed in Westchester County against Rivera's church Refuge of Hope, in which he and his wife Clara were accused of failing to protect an underage female member of their congregation from multiple incidents of sexual assault. According to the lawsuit, Clara convinced the girl's mother to allow her daughter to participate in a 2018 summer internship at Ignite Life Center, a fellow Assemblies of God church in Florida that was affiliated with Refuge of Hope. There, the girl was allegedly assaulted by an older minor female on 15 occasions. After the victim's mother became concerned for her daughter's safety and contacted Clara, the Rivera couple allegedly traveled to Florida and urged the victim to remain quiet. The lawsuit also alleges that she was sexually assaulted by the same person later that summer in the Riveras' home in Rye while attending a barbecue, and by a male youth leader at Refuge of Hope in 2021. An attorney for the Riveras said the allegations against them were false and claimed the couple first heard about the sex abuse in 2022 after an attorney sent them a letter requesting a financial settlement.<ref name="nyt-coverup"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In a revised filing of the lawsuit submitted in April, the Riveras were added as defendants, replacing an LLC at the address of their former home that they were no longer associated with.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Post-baseball honors and life
In March 2014, Rivera was twice recognized for his philanthropic efforts, receiving the ROBIE Humanitarian Award from the Jackie Robinson Foundation,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as a Jefferson Award for Public Service.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> Later that month, the "Legends Series", comprising two MLB exhibition games between the Yankees and Miami Marlins, was played in Rivera's native Panama to "honor [his] legacy". He helped promote the games, which were accompanied by charitable events and a gala benefiting his foundation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On April 9, 2014, MLB announced that a new annual award for relief pitchers, the Reliever of the Year Award, would replace the existing Delivery Man of the Year Award, and that the AL honor would be named after Rivera.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The following month, a section of River Avenue bordering Yankee Stadium at 161st Street was renamed "Rivera Avenue" in the pitcher's honor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This coincided with the release of his autobiography, The Closer: My Story, co-authored with Wayne Coffey.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> New York University bestowed an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree upon Rivera during its commencement ceremony at Yankee Stadium on May 21, 2014.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During the 2015 Little League World Series, he was inducted into the Little League Hall of Excellence.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Yankees dedicated a plaque to Rivera in Yankee Stadium's Monument Park on August 14, 2016.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Rivera was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame on January 22, 2019, in his first year of eligibility. He became the first player in history to be elected unanimously by the BBWAA, appearing on all 425 ballots; the previous record for election percentage was held by Ken Griffey Jr., who received 99.3% of votes in 2016.<ref name="ESPN results">Template:Cite web</ref> Rivera was the second Panamanian player to be elected to the Hall of Fame after Rod Carew,<ref name="mlb-19hof-elect"/> and the eighth relief pitcher.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was officially inducted into the Hall of Fame on July 21, 2019, in Cooperstown, New York.<ref name="yankmag-hof">Template:Cite web</ref> The ceremony was attended by 55,000 people, the second-largest crowd for a Hall of Fame induction.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Among those in attendance were Panamanian president Laurentino Cortizo and Rivera's former teammates, including Bernie Williams, who performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" on guitar.<ref name="yankmag-hof"/> Rivera's speech concluded the ceremony and lasted nearly 25 minutes, four of which he spoke in Spanish.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Leading up to and following his induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, Rivera was recognized by several institutions. The New York Racing Association hosted him at Saratoga Race Course as their guest of honor on July 12, 2019, and held a fundraising luncheon to benefit his foundation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, Gate 42B at Terminal 4 was renamed for Rivera in a ceremony with Delta Air Lines, which also placed a sticker bearing his signature and uniform number on one of their airplanes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On July 27, the City of New Rochelle held a parade in his honor and awarded him a key to the city.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Yankees held a pregame celebration for him at Yankee Stadium on August 17 and made a $250,000 donation to his foundation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On September 16, 2019, President Trump, a long-time Yankees fan,<ref name="pmof-nyt"/> presented Rivera with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award that can be bestowed upon a person by the United States government.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A statement on whitehouse.gov said: "Off the field, through the Mariano Rivera Foundation, he has helped provide children in need with an education, empowering them to achieve a better future. The United States proudly honors Mariano Rivera for being a legend of the game of baseball and for his commitment to strengthening America's communities."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
A 10,000-seat baseball stadium named for Rivera, Template:Interlanguage link, opened in April 2025 in his home district of La Chorrera, Panama.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The venue cost $45 million and was built to MLB specifications.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> As part of the stadium's opening, the Panamanian Baseball Federation announced that it was retiring the uniform number 42 in Rivera's honor.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
While playing in an exhibition baseball game during the Yankees' Old-Timers' Day on August 9, 2025, Rivera ruptured his Achilles tendon.<ref name=OTD2025>Template:Cite news</ref>
Baseball accomplishments
Awards and honors
| Award/Honor | # of Times | Dates | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| All-Star Game MVP Award | 1 | 2013 | <ref name=asgmvp/> |
| American League All-Star | 13 | Template:Hlist | <ref name=brpro/> |
| American League Championship Series MVP Award<ref group=lower-alpha name=ws-lcs>Only reliever to win both a League Championship Series MVP Award and World Series MVP Award</ref> | 1 | 2003 | <ref name=brpro/> |
| American League Comeback Player of the Year Award | 1 | 2013 | <ref name="13awards"/> |
| American League Player of the Week | 3 | Template:Hlist | <ref name="alpotw">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| American League Rolaids Relief Man Award<ref group=lower-alpha>Tied for most times won</ref> | 5 | Template:Hlist | <ref name=brpro/> |
| Babe Ruth Award | 1 | 1999 | <ref name=brpro/> |
| Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award | 1 | 2013 | <ref name=chaa/> |
| Clutch Performer of the Month Award | 1 | June 2010 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Delivery Man of the Year Award<ref group=lower-alpha name=most>Most times won</ref> | 3 | Template:Hlist | <ref name="dhl05"/><ref name="dhl06"/><ref name="dhl09"/> |
| Delivery Man of the Month Award | 2 | Template:Hlist | <ref>Template:Bulleted list</ref> |
| Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award | 1 | 2013 | <ref name="13awards"/> |
| New York Yankees Player of the Year | 1 | 2005 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| National Baseball Hall of Fame – induction | 1 | 2019 | <ref name="ESPN results"/> |
| Sporting News Comeback Player of the Year Award | 1 | 2013 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Sporting News Pro Athlete of the Year Award | 1 | 2009 | <ref name=09sn/> |
| Sporting News Reliever of the Year Award<ref group=lower-alpha name=most /> | 6 | Template:Hlist | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| This Year in Baseball's Closer of the Year Award<ref group=lower-alpha name=most /> | 4 | Template:Hlist | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Thurman Munson Award | 1 | 2003 | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| World Series MVP Award<ref group=lower-alpha name=ws-lcs /> | 1 | Template:Wsy | <ref name=brpro/> |
| World Series champion | 5 | Template:Hlist | <ref name=brpro/> |
Records
| Record | Number | Refs |
|---|---|---|
| Regular season | ||
| Most career saves | 652 | <ref name=brpro/> |
| Most career games finished | 952 | <ref name="gf">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Highest career adjusted ERA+ Template:Small | 205 | <ref name="era">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most career games pitched with single team Most career games pitched in American League history Most career games pitched by right-handed pitcher |
1,115 | <ref name="42things"/><ref name="1000gp" /><ref name="al-gp">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most consecutive seasons with at least one save<ref group=lower-alpha name=Franco>Tied with John Franco</ref> | 18 Template:Small | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| Most seasons with at least 20 saves Most seasons with at least 25 saves |
16 Template:Small | <ref name="20sv16x">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="25sv16x">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most consecutive seasons with at least 25 saves | 15 Template:Small | <ref name="25consv15x">Template:Cite news</ref> |
| Most seasons with at least 30 saves | 15 Template:Small | <ref name="30sv15x">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most consecutive seasons with at least 30 saves | 9 Template:Small | <ref name="30consv9x">Template:Cite news</ref> |
| Most seasons with at least 35 saves<ref group=lower-alpha name=hoffman>Tied with Trevor Hoffman</ref> | 12 Template:Small | <ref name="35sv12x">Template:Cite episode</ref> |
| Most seasons with at least 40 saves<ref group=lower-alpha name=hoffman/> | 9 Template:Small | <ref name="40-50sv">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most seasons with at least 50 saves<ref group=lower-alpha name=gagne>Tied with Éric Gagné and Jim Johnson</ref> | 2 Template:Small | <ref name="40-50sv"/> |
| Most seasons with sub-2.00 ERA Template:Small<ref group=lower-alpha name=johnson>Tied with Walter Johnson</ref> Most seasons with 20-plus saves and sub-2.00 ERA |
11 Template:Small | <ref name="sub2era"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most seasons with at least 20 saves, sub-2.00 ERA, and sub-1.00 WHIP | 7 Template:Small | <ref>Template:Cite web Reference not updated to include 2010 or 2011.</ref> |
| Most career saves for a single winning pitcher | 72 Template:Small | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| Most career interleague saves | 75 | <ref name="25sv16x"/> |
| Most career saves in a single ballpark | 230 Template:Small | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| Postseason | ||
| Lowest career ERA Template:Small | 0.70 | <ref name=ps-rec/> |
| Most career saves | 42 | <ref name=ps-rec/> |
| Most consecutive scoreless innings pitched | Template:Frac | <ref name=33ip>Tan (2005), p. 112</ref> |
| Most consecutive save opportunities converted | 23 | <ref name="23sv">Template:Cite magazine</ref> |
| Most consecutive scoreless appearances | 23 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most career two-inning saves | 14 | <ref name="ESPN results"/> |
| Most career games pitched | 96 | <ref name=ps-rec/> |
| Most career saves in each postseason round Template:Small | Template:Hlist | <ref name="lds-rec">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="lcs-rec">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ws-rec">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most career games pitched in each postseason round Template:Small | Template:Hlist | <ref name=lds-rec/><ref name=lcs-rec/><ref name=ws-rec/> |
| Lowest career ERA in Division Series history Template:Small | 0.32 | <ref name=lds-rec/> |
| Most career saves to clinch series | 8 | <ref name="42things"/> |
| Most games finished to clinch series | 16 | <ref name="42things"/> |
| Most games finished to clinch World Series championship | 4 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Highest career win probability added | 11.7 | <ref name="ps-wpa"/> |
| Highest career championship win probability added | 183 (or 1.83) | <ref name=ps-rec/> |
| All-Star Game | ||
| Most career saves | 4 | <ref name=asgsv/> |
| Record | Number | Refs |
|---|---|---|
| Regular season | ||
| Most career games pitched | 1,115 | <ref name="yanklead">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Highest career wins above replacement (Baseball Reference version) for a pitcher | 56.3 | <ref name=yanklead/> |
| Highest career win probability added for a pitcher | 56.6 | <ref name=yanklead/> |
| Most saves in single season | 53 Template:Small | <ref name="nyyseasonlead">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Lowest career WHIP Template:Small | 1.00 | <ref name=yanklead/> |
| Most consecutive save opportunities converted | 36 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Most games finished in single season | 69 Template:Small | <ref name="nyyseasonlead"/> |
See also
- List of Major League Baseball career ERA leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career FIP leaders
- List of Major League Baseball career WAR leaders
- List of Major League Baseball players from Panama
- List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise
- List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
References
Footnotes Template:Reflist
Bibliography Template:Refbegin
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite web
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
External links
- Template:Baseball Hall of Fame profile
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