Monolith

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File:012 035 Ile Mingan Niapiscau.jpg
Niapiskau island, limestone monoliths, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve, Canada
File:Uluru, helicopter view, cropped.jpg
Uluru, Northern Territory, Australia, is often referred to as the biggest monolith. While the surrounding rocks were eroded, the rock survived as sandstone strata making up the surviving Uluru 'monolith'.
File:Monolithos 1.jpg
Monolithos fortress on Rhodes, Greece
File:Brand hires trimmed.jpg
Landsat 7 image Brandberg Mountain, Namibia
File:Gávea.jpg
Gavea Rock, a monolith next to the sea, near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often made of very hard and solid igneous or metamorphic rock. Some monoliths are volcanic plugs, solidified lava filling the vent of an extinct volcano.

In architecture, the term has considerable overlap with megalith, which is normally used for prehistory, and may be used in the contexts of rock-cut architecture that remains attached to solid rock, as in monolithic church, or for exceptionally large stones such as obelisks, statues, monolithic columns or large architraves, that may have been moved a considerable distance after quarrying. It may also be used of large glacial erratics moved by natural forces.

The word derives, via the Latin Template:Lang, from the Ancient Greek word Template:Wikt-lang (Template:Transliteration), from Template:Wikt-lang (Template:Transliteration) meaning "one" or "single" and Template:Wikt-lang (Template:Transliteration) meaning "stone".

Geological monoliths

Large, well-known monoliths include:

Africa

Antarctica

Asia

File:Savandurga.jpg
Savandurga, India, from the northern side
File:Sanglahill.JPG
Sangla Hill, Pakistan

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Australia

Europe

File:Peñon de Ifach-2009.jpg
Penyal d'Ifac, Spain

North America

United States

File:Beacon rock.jpg
Beacon Rock, Washington, viewed from the west
File:El Capitan in 2010.jpg
El Capitan in Yosemite
File:Stawamus sharp.jpg
Stawamus Chief as seen from Valleycliffe neighborhood in Squamish, British Columbia

Canada

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Mexico

  • La Peña de Bernal, Queretaro; claimed to be the world's third-largest monolith<ref name="Mexico Desconocido">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Las Piedrotas, near the town of Tapalpa, Jalisco.

South America

File:Peñón de Guatapé 01.jpg
El Peñón, monolith in Colombia, located in Antioquia

Outside Earth

Monumental monoliths

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A structure which has been excavated as a unit from a surrounding matrix or outcropping of rock.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

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References

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