Mount Morgan, Queensland

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English Template:GeoGroup Template:Infobox Australian place Mount Morgan is a rural town and locality in the Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia.<ref name=qpnt>Template:Cite QPN</ref><ref name=qpnl>Template:Cite QPN</ref> The town was the administrative centre of the Mount Morgan Shire until March 2008, when it was amalgamated with neighbouring local government areas to form the Rockhampton Region.

In the Template:CensusAU, the town of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,487 people,<ref name=Census2021UCL/> while the locality of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,018 people.<ref name="Census2021SAL" />

Geography

The town of Mount Morgan is situated on the Dee River, Template:Convert south of the city of Rockhampton, and is Template:Convert north of the state capital, Brisbane. The Burnett Highway passes through the town.<ref name=":9">Template:Queensland Globe</ref>

There are a number of neighbourhoods within the locality:

Gordon Vale (Template:Coord)<ref name="qpn14384">Template:Cite QPN</ref>

Kenbula (Template:Coord), located around the former Kenbula railway station<ref name="qpn17921">Template:Cite QPN</ref>

Talban (Template:Coord), located around the former Talban railway station<ref name="qpn33160">Template:Cite QPN</ref>

The names Kenbula and Talban were both assigned by the Queensland Railway Department on 18 November 1911. Both are Aboriginal names, Kenbula meaning ironbark tree and Talban meaning stone curlew.<ref name="qpn17921" />

History

Prior to European migrants settling in the area, the area was part of the Kangulu peoples traditional lands.Template:Citation needed

Mount Morgan was founded as a gold mining town in 1882.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The town takes its name from the family who took out the original gold mining leases in the area: Frederick Augustus Morgan and his brothers Thomas Squire Morgan and Edwin Francis Morgan.<ref name="qpnt" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Over the years, the Mount Morgan Mine has produced gold, silver and copper. Among those making a fortune from this mine was William Knox D'Arcy. D'Arcy used his fortune to finance oil exploration in Iran, which led to the formation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP).<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Mining of clay in a nearby hill for the production of furnace bricks commenced soon after that time, continuing until the early 1900s,<ref name=":5">Template:Cite journal</ref> The resulting man-made caves came to be known as the Fireclay Caverns, which contained large openings that measure between 4–12 metres in height from the cave floor.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite journal</ref> Dinosaur footprints (preserved as infills) were later found in nine different sections of the Fireclay Caverns, lining the ceiling dated to the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian).<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Mount Morgan Post Office opened on 18 May 1885 (a receiving office had been open from 1884).<ref name="Post Office">Template:Cite web</ref>

Mount Morgan Central State School opened in 1887 and grew so rapidly that it was separated into two schools on different sites the following year, forming Mount Morgan Boys State School and Mount Morgan Girls and Infants State School. The word 'Central' was added to the name of these two schools from 1911. They were amalgamated back into one school in 1929.<ref name=":8">Template:Cite web</ref>

The town of Mount Morgan grew in a haphazard fashion around the entrance to the mining lease near the Dee River from the early 1880s. By 1889 a number of the major religions had established congregations and erected churches including the Primitive Methodists (1885), the Catholics (1887) and the Anglicans (1889). That year the town's name was formally changed from 'South Calliungal' to 'Mount Morgan', and by 1891 the Queensland census recorded a population of 3514.<ref name=eklund>Erik Eklund, Mining Towns: making a living, making a life Template:Webarchive, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2012, pp. 75-76.</ref>

Circa 1888-1889 an Anglican church opened in Mount Morgan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Until the arrival of the railway in 1898, everything was transported by horse teams. The Mount Morgan Mining Company had a depot in Quay Street, where the wagoners would load up. Initially, there were two routes to Rockhampton, one via Crocodile (now Bouldercombe) and the other via Kabra, Boongarry and Moonmera. In 1885, a road was built over the Razorback Range.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The railway line between Mount Morgan and Rockhampton opened on 26 November 1898,<ref name="kerr1990">Template:Cite book</ref> with two railway stations serving the locality:

Mount Morgan railway station, now abandoned (Template:Coord)<ref name="railwaystations">Template:Cite web</ref>
Walterhall railway station, now abandoned (Template:Coord)<ref name="railwaystations" />

Like many Australian towns, in 1899 to 1900, the Siege of Mafeking was avidly followed in the news in Mount Morgan. With every confidence in a British victory, in March 1900, the town's people decided to prepare to celebrate the relief of Mafeking as soon as it was announced. The town band was to assemble immediately on the corner of East and Morgan Streets and other entertainments were arranged, such as a bonfire and a greasy pig.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 20 May 1900, on hearing the news of the relief of Mafeking, bonfires were lit on the hills around the town, the bands were playing, and patriotic speeches were made.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The celebrations did not end there, as by November 1900, a "Mafeking" bell had been installed in a tower beside the town hall.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The bell had been cast at the Mount Morgan Mine and weighed 7 cwt (360 kg). The sound of the bell was described as "blood curdling" and led to arguments as to whether the bell was cracked.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By 1955, the wooden tower had rotted and the bell was taken down to be relocated to the verandah of the town hall.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> In 1969 the bell was relocated to the scout hall in Dee Street as the army leader at Mafeking was Lord Baden-Powell who established the Scouting movement in 1907.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> In February 2018, the bell was returned to the main street of Mount Morgan as part of a streetscape redevelopment project.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> There is a popular story that the schoolchildren of Mount Isa funded the bell by donating pennies (either to pay for it or to be melted down to construct it),<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but the earliest sources so far identified for this story are from 1955,<ref name=":0" /> 55 years after the bell was cast, and the commemorative plaque which also presents this story was not created until 1962.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sacred Heart Catholic Primary School opened in 1891 and closed in 1997.<ref name="qfhs">Template:Citation</ref>

Red Hill State School opened in 1900 and closed circa 1931.<ref name="qfhs2">Template:Citation</ref> It was in the Red Hill neighbourhood of Mount Morgan, and presumably is the origin of the name of School Street (approx Template:Coord).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":9" />

In 1902, a Baptist church opened in Mount Morgan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Prior to the opening of the church, Baptist services had been held in the Forester's Hall. In April 1902 the Port Curtis Road Methodist Church building was purchased for removal and erected on the corner of East and Dee Streets in Mount Morgan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The stump-capping ceremony was held on Saturday 12 May 1902.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The official opening of the church was on Sunday 22 June 1902.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Mount Morgan State High School opened on 22 January 1912.<ref name="qfhs" /> It was the first school of its kind to open in Queensland.<ref name=":8" />

Maranu State School opened on 24 May 1915. It closed on 1 April 1927.<ref name="qfhs" />

Upper Dee Provisional School opened in 1919. On 11 June 1923, it became Upper Dee State School. It closed circa 1929.<ref name="qfhs" />

The Mount Morgan Mine finally closed in November 1990, having produced 250 tonnes of gold and 360,000 tonnes of copper during its lifetime, leaving 134 million tonnes of waste rock and tailings.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite web</ref> During the mining operation, most of the mountain was mined away, and the town now lies adjacent to a 43 m deep acid-water filled pit.<ref name=":7">Template:Cite web</ref> The Queensland Government have begun a rehabilitation project of the minesite.<ref name=":6"/>

The Mount Morgan Public Library opened in 1993.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In December 2020, a 24 kilometre mountain bike trail network was completed around No. 7 Dam, creating a new sporting facility for the area, as part of the Advancing Mount Morgan strategy with an aim to help boost tourism to the town.<ref name=":4" />

In 2021, the town's water supply was so low, drinking water had to be delivered on daily basis.<ref name="mmh">Template:Cite news</ref>

Demographics

In the Template:CensusAU, the town of Mount Morgan had a population of 3,514 people.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="eklund" />

In the Template:CensusAU, the town of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,447.<ref name="Census2006">Template:Census 2006 AUS</ref>

In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,115 people.<ref name="Census2011">Template:Census 2011 AUS</ref>

In the Template:CensusAU, the locality of Mount Morgan had a population of 1,963 people.<ref name=Census2016>Template:Census 2016 AUS</ref>

In the Template:CensusAU, the town of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,487 people,<ref name=Census2021UCL>Template:Census 2021 AUS</ref> while the locality of Mount Morgan had a population of 2,018 people.<ref name=Census2021SAL>Template:Census 2021 AUS</ref>

Heritage listings

Mount Morgan has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Burnett Highway: Mount Morgan Mine<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
4 Central Street: Mount Morgan State High School<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
39 Central Street: Grand Hotel<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
East Street: Mount Morgan Cemetery<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
2 Gordon Street (Template:Coord): Mount Morgan Masonic Temple<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
11 Gordon Street: St Mary's Anglican Church<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
28 Hall Street: Court House and Police Station<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
Morgan Street: Coronation Lamp War Memorial<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
28 Morgan Street: Queensland National Hotel<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
31 Morgan Street: Mount Morgan School of Arts<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
38 Morgan Street: Commonwealth Bank Building<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
44 Morgan Street: Mount Morgan Central State School<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
Railway Parade: Mount Morgan railway station<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>
Westwood/Oakey Creek: Adolphus William Copper Smelter<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref>

Economy

Mining companies still prospect today in the area, and plans to extract further gold from tailings at the mine site are under development.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7"/>

Education

Mount Morgan Central State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 44 Morgan Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="SchoolList2018">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 209 students with 15 teachers (12 full-time equivalent) and 13 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2018">Template:Cite web</ref>

Mount Morgan State High School is a government secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at 4 Central Street (Template:Coord).<ref name="SchoolList2018" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 183 students with 21 teachers (20 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (12 full-time equivalent).<ref name="ACARA2018" />

Amenities

The Rockhampton Regional Council operates the Mount Morgan Library at 31 Morgan Street (Template:Coord).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Mount Morgan branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the CWA Hall at 127 East Street (Template:Coord).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Mount Morgan Mountain Bike Trails are managed by Rockhampton Regional Council.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rockhampton Mountain Bike Club conducts social rides there and also has plans to commence racing at the new trail park in 2021.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

There are a number of churches in Mount Morgan, including:

St Mary's Anglican Church, 11 Gordon Street (Template:Coord)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sacred Heart Catholic Church, 35A Hall Street (facing Gordon Street, Template:Coord)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Mount Morgan Uniting Church, 86 East Street (corner Gordon Street, Template:Coord)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
St Enoch's Presbyterian Church, 78 East Street (Template:Coord)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Peace Christian Church (of the Peace Apostolic Ministries), 80 East Street (Template:Coord); the building was formerly the Mount Morgan Baptist Church<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Events

Mount Morgan is known to hold the Golden Mount Festival in the main street at the end of April or the start of May as part of the Labour Day holiday. The festival usually starts on a Friday and finishes the next Monday. The Morgan Street is closed to vehicles during Saturday of the Festival for the day for markets and activities such as floats and "Running the Cutter" races.Template:Citation needed

Attractions

Tourism plays a large part in the economy of the town today, with a visitor centre located at the old railway centre and recreation area at Dam No.7. The area was host to one of the few rack railways (as part of the line from Mount Morgan to Rockhampton) to operate in Australia. The rack portion of the line was replaced by a conventional adhesion railway in the 1950s, with a small portion of track retained at the town centre.<ref>"Last Days of the Mount Morgan Rack Railway" Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, December 1950 pp. 125–126</ref> In turn, the replacement line was closed in 1987, and the town no longer has a rail connection. The Mount Morgan railway station is still standing and now operates as a Museum and Tourist Information Centre. There is a regular bus service between Rockhampton, Gracemere and Mount Morgan provided by Young's Bus Service.Template:Citation needed

Notable people

Jens Hansen Lundager, mayor of Mount Morgan, editor of the Mount Morgan Argus, photographer
Alma Moodie, German-based concert violinist and teacher<ref>Chapter9: Leisure and entertainment: aspects of popular culture at Mount Morgan Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Stephen Moore (rugby union), captain of the Wallabies, lived in Mount Morgan when his family first came to Queensland
Mervyn Henry Stevenson, superintendent of the Townsville police district and inductee of the Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame<ref>Anderson, John, "Tough bush adversary", Townsville Bulletin, 22 December 2001.</ref><ref>"Fitting farewell for bush policeman", Townsville Bulletin, 22 December 2001.</ref>

Gallery

The Mafeking Bell in the main street of Mount Morgan, Queensland.
The Mafeking Bell Plaque
Mount Morgan Central State School, Mount Morgan, Queensland. It is a heritage-listed state school.
Murals at Mount Morgan Central State School, Mount Morgan, Queensland
Mount Morgan School of Arts is heritage-listed
Mount Morgan School of Arts information sign
Fire Station, Mount Morgan, Queensland, Australia
Mount Morgan State High School is a heritage-listed state high school
Murals at Mount Morgan State High School