National University of Malaysia

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Gong of UKM in front of DECTAR at the main entrance of Bangi campus.

The National University of Malaysia (Template:Langx, abbreviated as UKM) is a public research university located in Bandar Baru Bangi, Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. Its teaching hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), is located in Cheras and also has a branch campus in Kuala Lumpur. The university also has an overseas branch campus in Lusail City, Doha since 2023.

In 2022, there were 39,524 students enrolled at the university: 22,127 undergraduate students, 14,744 are postgraduate students, with 9,083 being Master's degree students and 5,691 being PhD students. Other than that, there are also 413 Asasi Pintar students, 2,175 postgraduate diploma students, and 35 graduate diploma students.<ref name=":12">Template:Cite web</ref>

Among the students, 4,914 of them are international students from 66 countries, of which 60% are postgraduate while 40% are undergraduate. The majority of UKM's international students are from China, and then followed by Indonesia and Iraq.<ref name=":12" />

UKM is the first university in Malaysia to use the Malay language as its main medium of instruction and it has been in use since the university's establishment in 1970.<ref name=":14">Template:Cite news</ref> From 1970 until 2022, UKM produced a total of 222,197 alumni.<ref name=":12" />

History

Proposal

In 1968, calls for the establishment of a national university emerged from various sectors, including political parties such as UMNO,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> PRM,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> DAP,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and PAS.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Several state governments, including Pahang, Sabah and Malacca, expressed support by offering land or financial assistance.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":13">Template:Cite news</ref> Non-government organisations,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> student groups,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and teachers unions like Sabah Government's Teachers Union (KGKS) and Angkatan Gaya Baru Sabah also voiced their support for the establishment of UKM.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 25 August 1968, a Working Committee chaired by Syed Nasir Ismail, a Malay intellectual and director of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, was set up to prepare a report recommended the establishment of UKM.<ref name=":13" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Other prominent members of this committee include Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, who would become Malaysia's fourth prime minister, and Dr. Mohd Rashdan Haji Baba, who later became UKM's first Vice-Chancellor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 7 September 1968, the then-Education Minister Mohamed Khir Johari officially announced the government will establish a national university, which would use the Malay language as the main medium of instruction, but English and Arabic would still be used in certain subjects. The university would also be open to all regardless of race and it was expected to open in 1970.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Opening

On 18 May 1970, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia opened its doors to 192 undergraduate students in Jalan Pantai Baru, Kuala Lumpur, a temporary campus housing three main faculties, the Faculties of Science, Arts and Islamic Studies.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite report</ref> On 18 January 1972, the then-prime minister Tun Abdul Razak Hussein, after obtaining agreement from the working committee, decided to build the permanent campus of UKM on a Template:Convert site in the town of Bangi, near Kajang.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 1977, UKM moved to its present premises which form the main campus in Bangi. The campus has a size of Template:Cvt. UKM has two health campuses, the Kuala Lumpur campus in Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, and the UKM Medical Centre in Cheras. The Kuala Lumpur campus consists of the Faculties of Health Sciences, Pharmacy, Dentistry and the Pre-Clinical Departments of the Medical Faculty. With a size of Template:Cvt, the Kuala Lumpur campus was established in 1974.

The campus in Cheras consists of the Medical Faculty, the UKM Teaching Hospital (Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM (HCTM)) and the UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI). The Cheras campus was opened in 1997. Besides these campuses, UKM operates seven research stations (RS): The Tasik Chini RS, The Marine Ecosystem RS, The Langkawi Geopark RS, The Marine RS, The Fraser's Hill RS, The Plant Biotechnology RS and in the main campus itself, the UKM Campus Living Laboratory, which comprises the UKM Permanent Forest Reserve, or its Malay name, Hutan Simpan Kekal UKM as well as the Fernarium and the Herbarium.

In 2006, UKM won the Prime Minister's Quality Award and achieved the status of a Malaysian Research University.

In 2023, UKM established its first overseas branch campus in Lusail City, Qatar.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The branch campus was established with the collaboration of The Regional Group of Qatar, who provided the facilities, infrastructure, equipments and materials for the campus.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The agreement to set up the Qatar campus was signed on 19 May 2022<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the campus was opened by Prime Minister Anwar Ibhrahim on 14 May 2024.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Coat of arms

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2006 Nobel Peace laureate Muhammad Yunus delivering a speech at the 2025 special convocation.

The current coat of arms of the UKM was first designed by university staffer Mohd Aris Atan and has been in use since 1972. It was modified to its present form by publications officer Zulkifli Ibrahim, which was launched on 29 July 2000 in conjunction with the university's 30th anniversary, with stripes added to the tiger's body.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The arms is depicted as a quartered shield featuring an atomic symbol, a compass, a gear, a Malayan tiger and the national flower, Bunga Raya, or hibiscus rosa-sinensis, with an open book placed on the top. The atomic symbol represents science, the compasses and gear represent technology, the tiger represents strength and courage and the book represents knowledge.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is blazoned:

  • Shield: Tierced per pall reversed, the dexter Or a conventional representation of an atom Sable, the sinister Azure a pair of Compasses erect and extended between a demi cogwheel Argent, the base Argent a Bunga Raya or hibiscus flower proper, a chief Gules thereon a tiger passant to the sinister also proper.
  • Crest: An open book proper.

The first coat of arms of the university designed by the First Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, was different from the present one. It was blazoned as: Template:Blockquote The crest featured a scroll inscribed with the words 'Zidni Ilman', which means increase me in knowledge, a reference to Surah 20 Taha, Verse 114 of the Quran.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2010, the University's corporate logo was created by its Centre for Corporate Communications, featuring the coat of arms accompanied by the names of the university in Malay and English. The Malay name is presented as UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA, with the letters U, K and M bigger than the rest. Below, the English name (The National University of Malaysia) is smaller and italicised.

The National University of Malaysia is currently one of the three public universities in Malaysia to adopt its coat of arms, the other two are the University of Malaya and Universiti Sains Malaysia.

List of vice-chancellors

The following is a list of vice-chancellors of the National University of Malaysia.

# Vice-Chancellor Term start Term end
1 Mohd Rashdan Baba 1970 1971
2 Ariffin Ngah Marzuki 1971 1974
3 Mohd Ghazali Abdul Rahman 1974 1975
4 Anuwar Mahmud 1975 1980
5 Awang Had Salleh 1980 1984
6 Abdul Hamid Abdul Rahman 1984 1993
7 Mohd Sham Mohd Sani 1993 1998
8 Anuwar Ali 1998 2003
9 Mohd Salleh Mohd Yasin 2003 2006
10 Sharifah Hapsah Syed Hasan Shahabudin 2006 2014
11 Noor Azlan Ghazali 2014 2018
12 Mohd Hamdi Abdul Shukor 2019 2020
13 Mohd Ekhwan Toriman 2021 2025
14 Prof. Dr. Sufian Jusoh 2025 present

Faculties, Schools and Institutes

As of November 2024, there are a total of 12 faculties,<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> 2 schools<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> and 12 research institutes<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in UKM offering various undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Majority of them are located in the main UKM campus in Bangi.

Notable alumni

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Cricket ground

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Rankings

Year Rank Valuer
2005 185 Times Higher Education World University Rankings – QS World University Rankings
2006 185
2007 309
2008 250
2009 291
2010 263 QS World University Rankings
2011 279
2012 261
2012 N/A (did not submit data) <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Times Higher Education World University Rankings
2014 =269 QS World University Rankings
2015 =259
2016 =312<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2017 =302<ref name="QS 2018">Template:Cite web</ref>
2018 =230<ref name="QS 2018" />
2019 =184<ref name="QS 2018" />
2020 =160<ref name="QS 2018" />

When the Times Higher Education (THE) Guide University Rankings was published in October 2014, it was reported that UKM, along with Universiti Malaya, opted not to submit data for consideration. The UKM Strategic Centre deputy executive director Associate, Professor Dr. Masturah Markom, responded by saying that the rankings were unfair to the Malaysian educational context. She specifically cited the measurement of "industry income" in the THE methodology of university assessment, stating that Malaysian industry input cannot compete with other countries such as the United States of America. This is despite the fact that only a 2.5% weightage is allocated to "industry income" in the methodology, with more conventional categories such as teaching and research still making up 90%.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Controversies

2022 Convocation dress code

On 30 October 2022, an infographic poster published by the university and outlining the dress code for the upcoming 2022 convocation draws ire and went viral on social media. The poster in question shown examples of what attire is acceptable and unacceptable to be worn during the ceremony for both male and female graduates.<ref name=":7">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":8">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":9">Template:Cite news</ref>

However, cheongsam and saree, both being the traditional dresses for Chinese and Indian women respectively, were listed as "inappropriate" and prohibited alongside short-sleeved blouse and knee-length skirt.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> This immediately sparked online accusations of racial discrimination or racial bias against the university. The poster hosted on the university's website was then deleted on the same day.<ref name=":7" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

A day later on 31 October 2022, UKM uploaded a revised version of its latest dress code guideline for the upcoming convocation. The new guidelines said graduands and guests attending the convocation ceremony will be allowed to wear baju kebangsaan (national attire), but it did not specify which national attire is allowed, only explicitly stating all items of clothing worn must be dark-coloured, fully sleeved and extend to one’s ankle.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Fahmi Reza

On 5 April 2021, Fahmi Reza, who is a political satirical artist and activist, uploaded an artwork resembling the coat of arms of UKM with the accompanying text "Universiti Katak Kebangsaan" (National Frog University), on his social media. The artwork was supposed to symbolise Communications Minister Saifuddin Abdullah’s reputation for political party hopping.<ref name=":10">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":11">Template:Cite news</ref> Fahmi later claimed that “It is just a satirical, fictitious logo for a fictitious [frog] university that gave out that fictitious master’s degree” and has "nothing to do with UKM".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Due to the resemblance of the artwork to UKM's coat of arms, Fahmi Reza was hit with a letter of demand by UKM on 7 April 2021, claiming such artwork is an insult against the university and demanded him to delete the artwork from his social media within 7 days, failing which will result in legal action taken against him. However, Fahmi said he refuse to comply with such demand.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> Fahmi was also investigated and has his statement recorded by the Kajang police over the artwork.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

'Kelas Demokrasi' shut down

In the month preceding the 15th General Election held on 19 November 2022, Fahmi Reza went on a tour at numerous universities around the country and held a forum titled "Kelas Demokrasi" (Democracy Class) with the aim to increase political literacy among the universities' youths.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, his Kelas Demokrasi forum held at the UKM Bangi campus on 10 November 2022, with over 200 students attending, was shut down by the university's auxiliary police and security 10 minutes after it was started. UKM's security shut down the sound system and told the crowd to disperse. UKM's management said such event requires permission for it to be held on campus. The forum was later relocated to C&P Coffee Company in Bandar Baru Bangi, which is located outside the campus.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Mohd Ekhwan Toriman's resignation

On 3 February 2025, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman, the Vice-Chancellor of UKM since 2021 announced his resignation, effective 2 February 2025.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Mohd Ekhwan in his resignation message also said "Thank you for all the slander and accusations that have been thrown in my way, for which police reports and reports to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) have already been made".<ref name=":3" /> The police later confirmed they have received police reports from Mohd Ekhwan<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and two top management personnel of the university, and is investigating the case as a defamation case.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

His resignation came amidst allegations that an audit has revealed his involvement in abuse of power, manipulation in the tender process and misappropriation of funds of the university.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":5">Template:Cite web</ref> A Malay online tabloid alleged that Negeri Sembilan's ruler and Chancellor of UKM, Tuanku Muhriz, was "angered" by the revelations and did not invite UKM's top management to his birthday and titles awarding ceremony on 14 January of the same year.<ref name=":5" />

On 12 February 2025, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan Tuanku Muhriz ordered the revocation of Mohd Ekhwan's title Darjah Setia Bakti Negeri Sembilan (DBNS) with immediate effect. The Negeri Sembilan palace said this was done to "uphold the dignity and honour of the Royal Institution in Negeri Sembilan".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

References

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