National anthem of Mongolia
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The national anthem of Mongolia,Template:Efn known before 1991 as the State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic,Template:Efn was originally created in 1950 during the communist regime to replace the "Mongol Internationale". The music was composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Lubhsanjambiin Mördorj, and the lyrics were written by Tsendiin Damdinsüren.<ref name="linguamongolia"/><ref name="sonin"/>
History
Prior to 1950, Mongolia did not have an official national anthem. However, there were certain songs that had been considered patriotic anthems of the Mongol nation—most notably the song "Ertnii saikhan" (Template:Langx {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Lit), which was popular among the Mongols as a patriotic anthem, but eventually fell out of fame by the 1930s. It was included in a collection of songs by the singer Magsarjav Dugarjav in 1935, and its lyrics were preserved. In the 1970s, the lyrics of "Ertnii saikhan" were changed to suit the ideological situation of the time. When the British army invaded Tibet, the 13th Dalai Lama invaded Mongolia in 1904 and settled there until 1906, parts of the lyrics were modified. After the accession of Bogd Khan to the throne in 1911, parts of the lyrics were once again modified.Template:Cn
After the establishment of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia in 1911, Bogd Khan chose the song "Zuun Langiin Joroo Luus" as the national anthem in 1915. Following the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, the song was relinquished, and in 1924, it was replaced by the "Mongol Internationale".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Although the "Mongol Internationale" was never officially designated as the national anthem of Mongolia, the words and melody of the song, which are different than those of the original left-wing anthem "The Internationale", were sung with respect by a generation of Mongolians as an unofficial national anthem at the time.Template:Cn
According to historical records, the work of composing and selecting poems for the new national anthem began in 1945. The former Arts Department issued the “Rules for the Closed Competition for Composing the Words of the New Mongolian Anthem” and gave special provisions and guidelines for the content and form of the poems. Although the deadline for the poetry competition was set on 31 December 1945, the works continued to be submitted until April 1946. Writers and poets including Tsendiin Damdinsuren et al. participated in this poetry competition. Several compositions of the melody were completed by early 1949. Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan personally participated in this selection of the new anthem and listened to many versions of the melody and song. The combined melodies composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj were ultimately chosen.Template:Cn
Since the early 20th century, Mongolia has had two national anthems: the first, used between 1924 and 1950, was called the "Mongol Internationale", with lyrics by Sonombaljiriin Buyannemekh and music by Magsarjaviin Dugarjav.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is often incorrectly listed as the Mongolian-language version of "The Internationale", despite the two songs having almost nothing in common aside from similar titles.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref>Template:Better source needed "The Internationale" does have a Mongolian version, however, which should not be confused with the "Mongol Internationale".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref>
The second anthem, by Damdinsüren and Mördorj, replaced the "Mongol Internationale" and has been in use since 1950. In accordance with the 1960 constitution, the words of the anthem were changed in 1961 by Tsevegmidin Gaitav and Choijilin Chimed. The lyrics were changed slightly in 1961 to include references to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and remove references to various Soviet and Mongolian leaders; however, the original lyrics were restored in early 1991, a year prior to the end of the communist regime.<ref name="linguamongolia">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since 1991, most of the lyrics from 1950 have been in use again, but the second verse (praising Lenin, Stalin, Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan) has been removed. On 6 July 2006, the lyrics were revised by the Mongolian Parliament to commemorate Genghis Khan.<ref name="sonin">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2006, in anticipation of the 800th anniversary of the Mongol Empire, six writers were mobilized to partially change the text. The text was revised to reflect the new state that had escaped foreign oppression, rather than the country's rich heritage and history.Template:Cn
The current Constitution of Mongolia mandates that the national anthem be broadcast daily on media channels prior to the end of transmissions.Template:Citation needed
Lyrics
Current official version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||||||
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<poem>Our sacred independent country
Is the ancestral hearth of all Mongols, May all of the world's good deeds Prosper and continue for eternity. Our country will strengthen relations With all righteous countries of the world. With all our will and might Let us celebrate our beloved Mongolia! Our great nation's symbol blesses us And the people's fate supports us Let us pass on our ancestry, culture and language From generation to generation. The brilliant people of the brave Mongolia Have gained freedom and happiness. The key to delight and the path to success, Long live our glorious country.<ref name="linguamongolia" /></poem> |
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1991–2006 version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
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<poem>Our sacred revolutionary country
Is the ancestral hearth of all Mongols. No enemy shall defeat us, We shall prosper forevermore. Template:Small With all righteous countries of the world, Our country shall stand in solidarity. With all our will and might Let us celebrate our beloved Mongolia! Brave Mongolia's courageous people Have defeated all sufferings and gained happiness, The key to delight and the path to success, Long live our glorious country. Template:Small</poem> |
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1961–1991 version
| Mongolian original | English translation | |||||
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<poem>The struggle and oppression of the past is gone,
The peoples' rights and happiness have come. For by the faith and courage of all, The People's Republic now stands. Template:Small Beautiful Mongolia, a majestic country, A just, prosperous and vast nation. May it forever cherish and prosper, May it forever be strong and wealthy. The light of the Party shines in the distance, Building us up into a strong nation. Entrusted with unwavering diligence, Selflessly we will carry on the historic battle. Together with the Soviet Union our bold faith The fruits of a progressive people beareth. We are firm to carry on with loyalty Onto glorious communism's way bravely. Template:Small</poem> |
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Original version
| Mongolian original | English translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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<poem>Our sacred revolutionary country
Is the ancestral hearth of all Mongols. No enemy shall defeat us, We shall prosper for eternity. Template:Small With all righteous countries of the world, Our country shall stand in solidarity. With all our will and might Let us celebrate our beloved Mongolia! By way of Lenin and Stalin's teachings, Towards the people's freedom and happiness. Our great Mongolia is being led, By way of Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan. Brave Mongolia's courageous people Have defeated all sufferings and gained happiness, The key to delight and the path to success, Long live our glorious country. Template:Small</poem> |
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See also
- Coat of arms of Mongolia
- Flag of Mongolia
- Mongol Internationale
- State Anthem of the Republic of Buryatia
- State Anthem of the Republic of Kalmykia
Notes
References
External links
Template:Sister project Template:Wikisource/outer core{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|showblankpositional=1|unknown=|1|2|3|diagnose|has|italic|italics|lang|nocat|position|title|wislink|works|wslink}}
- Audio
- Audio of the national anthem of Mongolia
- Audio of the national anthem of Mongolia, with information and lyrics (archive link)
- Instrumental version in RealAudio
- Video
- Template:YouTube – a TV station video of the anthem sung by four Mongolian celebrities
- Template:YouTube – the video is redone with the new lyrics.
- Template:YouTube – audio version of the 1950 anthem, with original lyrics praising Lenin, Stalin, Sukhbaatar and Choibalsan