Flag of Mongolia

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Oxford spelling Template:Infobox flag

The national flag of MongoliaTemplate:Efn is a vertical triband with a red stripe at each side and a blue stripe in the middle, with the Mongolian Soyombo symbol centering on the leftmost stripe. The blue stripe represents the eternal blue sky, the red stripes thriving for eternity, and the yellow color symbolize Tibetan Buddhism. The Soyombo symbol is a geometric abstraction that represents fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and a Yin and Yang symbol representing two fish as in Mongol mythology fish never sleep thus symbolizing that the spirit of the Mongol people never sleeps.

The current flag was adopted on 12 January 1992,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> with the current official colour standards being set on 8 July 2011.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Until 1992, the flag had a communist star above the Soyombo, during the final 47 years of the Mongolian People's Republic. The flag was originally designed by artist Dodiin Choidog (Template:Lang).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

It has become common practice among Mongolians in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region to hang the Mongolian flag, although the Chinese government is allegedly against public displays of Mongolian national or cultural symbols due to concerns of separatism.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Construction Sheet

File:Flag of Mongolia (construction sheet).svg

Colours

Colour Scheme Red Blue Yellow
HEX #c7272f #025299 #fbd100
CMYK 100/60/0/0 10/100/90/0 0/15/100/0
Source <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Historical flags

Flag Date Description
File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg 1911–1919 Following the 1911 Mongolian declaration of independence during the fall of the Chinese Qing dynasty, the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia adopted a national flag as symbol of this independence.<ref name=bolod>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The decision to adopt a national flag was also made to follow the international standard at the time in order to promote the image of a modern independent state.<ref name=tourist>Template:Cite web</ref> A decree established the colours and dimensions of the flag; a yellow oblong rectangle with religious prayer text, in the middle of which was a Soyombo, lotus flower, and the letters "E" and "Bam". From this rectangle flowed red silk tails containing the letters "Om", "Ah", and "Hum".<ref name=bolod/><ref name=tourist/> Larger flags were intended for government use while smaller versions were intended for ordinary people.<ref name=Flagday>Template:Cite web</ref> Surviving flags can be seen with minor individual differences of the complex design.<ref name=tourist/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg 1920–1921 In late 1919 Chinese troops began occupying Mongolia. On 1 January 1920 a ceremony was held which revoked Mongolian autonomy and reincorporated it into China, raising the five-striped flag of the Republic of China.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg 1921–1924 Following the communist Revolution of 1921 Mongolian independence was restored. The country was formally still a monarchy and its flag remained, which had been carried by many of the revolutionary soldiers.<ref name=bolod/>
File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1924-1930).svg
File:Flag of Mongolia 1924 (alternative).svg
File:Flag of Mongolia 1924 (golden emblem).svg		 1924–1940 Following the death of the Bogd Khan in 1924, the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed. The new republic's first constitution was adopted on 26 November 1924 and described its new flag.<ref name=constitution>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=InnerAsia>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="crw" /> The flag's exact shape and design was not completely standardised and only defined as "the flag is red with the state emblem at the center."<ref name=InnerAsia /> It can therefore be seen with some variations, such as without any text or using a rectangular shape without the three tails.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Manjur>Манжуурын хэлэлцээр Template:Webarchive Photo from the Manzhouli conference (1935-1936) which shows the flag of Manchukuo and Mongolia</ref><ref>Template:Cite web Divisional flag from the Battle of Khalkhin Gol (1939), based on the national flag</ref><ref name=Anti>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web Provincial flag from 1923, based on the national flag</ref>
File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1945).svg 1940–1945

In November 1939 Mongolian leader Khorloogiin Choibalsan discussed the adoption of a new constitution with the leadership of the Soviet Union while visiting there. On 30 July 1940 the second constitution of the Mongol People's Republic was adopted, and with it, the second flag.<ref name=constitution/> After having reviewed a draft of the new state emblem, Joseph Stalin advised that "in order to show that there are many animals, the coat of arms should have a man with a horse in the middle and various animal figures around him".<ref name=bolod/> This new emblem, stripped of any remaining religious symbolism, was present on the new flag which was described as "consisting of 1:2 sized red cloth with the state emblem in the center and "Mongol People's Republic" written on either side".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=InnerAsia /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:Flag of the Mongolian People's Republic (1945–1992).svg 1945–1992 At the Yalta Conference, towards the end of World War II, it was agreed to preserve the status quo of Mongolia's existence. A new flag with national symbolism was considered necessary for the success of Soviet and Mongolian attempts to convince the Chinese to recognize Mongolian independence. Choibalsan brought up the issue of adopting a new flag at the 43rd meeting of the Presidium of the State Conference on 10 July 1945, where the new flag's design was approved.<ref name=bolod/><ref name=Flagday/> Choibalsan chose to restore the Soyombo as a national symbol on the flag and described its adoption as a high celebration of Mongolia's independence.<ref name=bolod/><ref name=Flagday/> The new flag was amended into the constitution in 1949 and was included from the beginning in the constitution adopted in 1960.<ref name="crw" /><ref name=bolod/><ref name=Flagday/> The flag was used until the adoption of the democratic constitution and a new flag in 1992.
File:Flag of Mongolia (1992–2011).svg 1992–2011 Earlier version of Mongolia's current flag, the star had been removed.

Other flags of Mongolia

Flag Date Description
Template:ListFlag 1921–1924 Reconstruction of the flag of the Communist Revolutionary Provisional Government of Mongolia used during the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. There exists no images or surviving examples of this flag, only descriptions. Therefore, dimensions of the flags shape and the exact position of the symbol is unknown.<ref name="crw">Template:Cite web</ref>
File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1930-1940).svg 1930–1940 Flag of unclear type used between 1930 and 1940.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="crw" /> Some sources list it as the national flag between 1930 and 1940, but no clear adoption date or amendment into the constitution exists and evidence shows the 1924-flag being used until 1940. Possibly a civil or naval ensignTemplate:Citation needed of the very small Mongolian Navy, which was established in 1930.<ref name="GR6">Template:Cite web</ref> It is for example listed among flags and maritime ensigns in a Soviet Red Army atlas from 1938.<ref>commons:File:Flags of the world (Red Army atlas, 1938).jpgTemplate:Circular reference</ref>
File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1924-1930; variant).svg None; 1924–1940 (erroneous) Erroneous flag of the Mongolian People's Republic, with an unusual blue Soyombo, which appears in several Western sources. This contradicts Mongolian sources, contemporary depictions, and photographic evidence of the real 1924-flag in use at the time.
File:Flag of the Mongolian National Olympic Committee.svg Flag of the Mongolian National Olympic Committee.
File:Flag of the Mongolian Armed Forces.svg Flag of the Mongolian Armed Forces.
File:Flag of the Mongolian Ground Force.svg Flag of the Mongolian Ground Force
File:Flag of the Mongolian Air Force.svg Flag of the Mongolian Air Force

Administrative divisions

See also

Notes

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References

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Template:Commons category Template:Asia topic

Template:Mongolia topics

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