Neuilly-sur-Seine

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Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox French commune Template:Redirect Neuilly-sur-Seine (Template:IPA; Template:Literal translation 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. An immediate western suburb of Paris, it is physically separated from the capital centre only by the Périphérique to its east and the Bois de Boulogne to its south.

Neuilly is mainly made up of residential neighborhoods and hosts several corporate headquarters and foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Although, as of 2020, it is the commune with only the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France,<ref>Structure et distribution des revenus, inégalité des niveaux de vie en 2020, Base niveau communes en 2020, INSEE.</ref> if Neuilly is grouped together with the city’s adjacent 16th and 17th arrondissements, they form the most affluent residential area in the country.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

Template:Refimprove Originally, Pont de Neuilly was a small hamlet under the jurisdiction of Villiers, a larger settlement mentioned in medieval sources as early as 832 and now absorbed by the commune of Levallois-Perret. It was not until 1222 that the little settlement of Neuilly, established on the banks of the Seine, was mentioned for the first time in a charter of the Abbey of Saint-Denis: the name was recorded in Medieval Latin as Portus de Lulliaco, meaning "Port of Lulliacum". In 1224 another charter of Saint-Denis recorded the name as Lugniacum. In a sales contract dated 1266, the name was also recorded as Luingni.Template:Cn The proper spelling would have been Liljakumpu.

In 1316, however, in a ruling of the parlement of Paris, the name was recorded as Nully. In a document dated 1376, the name was again recorded as Nulliacum (the Medieval Latin version of Nully). Then in the following centuries the name recorded alternated between Luny and Nully, and it is only after 1648 that the name was definitely set as Nully.Template:Cn

Various explanations and etymologies have been proposed to explain these discrepancies in the names of Neuilly recorded over the centuries. The original name of Neuilly may have been Lulliacum or Lugniacum, and that it was only later corrupted into Nulliacum / Nully. Some interpret Lulliacum or Lugniacum as meaning "estate of Lullius (or Lunius)", probably a Gallo-Roman landowner. This interpretation is based on the many placenames of France made up of the names of Gallo-Roman landowners and suffixed with the traditional placename suffix "-acum".

Other researchers, however, object that it is unlikely that Neuilly owes its name to a Gallo-Roman patronym, because during the Roman occupation of Gaul the area of Neuilly was inside the large Forest of Rouvray, of which the Bois de Boulogne is all that remains today, and was probably not a settlement. These researchers contend that it is only after the fall of the Roman Empire and the Germanic invasions that the area of Neuilly was deforested and settled. Thus, they think that the name Lulliacum or Lugniacum comes from the ancient Germanic word lund meaning "forest", akin to Old Norse lundr meaning "grove", to which the placename suffix "-acum" was added. The Old Norse word lundr has indeed left many placenames across Europe, such as the city of Lund in Sweden, the Forest of the Londe in Normandy, or the many English placenames containing "lound", "lownde", or "lund" in their name, or ending in "-land". This interesting theory, however, fails to explain why the "d" of lund is missing in Lulliacum or Lugniacum.

Concerning the discrepancy in names over the centuries, the most probable explanation is that the original name Lulliacum or Lugniacum was later corrupted into Nulliacum / Nully by inversion of the consonants, perhaps under the influence of an old Celtic word meaning "swampy land, boggy land" (as was the land around Neuilly-sur-Seine in ancient times) which is found in the name of many French places anciently covered with water, such as Noue, Noë, Nouan, Nohant, etc. Or perhaps the consonants were simply inverted under the influence of the many settlements of France called Neuilly (a frequent place name whose etymology is completely different from the special case of Neuilly-sur-Seine).

Until the French Revolution, the settlement was often referred to as Port-Neuilly, but at the creation of French communes in 1790 the "Port" was dropped and the newly born commune was named simply Neuilly.

On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasion, a part of the territory of Neuilly-sur-Seine was annexed by the city of Paris, and forms now the neighbourhood of Ternes, in the 17th arrondissement of Paris.

On 11 January 1867, part of the territory of Neuilly-sur-Seine was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Clichy to create the commune of Levallois-Perret.

On 4 June 1878, the Synagogue de Neuilly was founded on Rue Ancelle, the oldest synagogue in the Paris suburbs.

On 2 May 1897, the commune name officially became Neuilly-sur-Seine (meaning "Neuilly upon Seine"), in order to distinguish it from the many communes of France also called Neuilly. Most people, however, continue to refer to Neuilly-sur-Seine as simply "Neuilly". During the 1900 Summer Olympics, it hosted the basque pelota events.<ref>Sports-reference.com Summer Olympics Paris 14 June 1900 men's basque pelota two-teams results., Sports-reference.com, Accessed 14 November 2010.</ref>

The American Hospital of Paris was founded in 1906.

In 1919, the Treaty of Neuilly was signed with Bulgaria in Neuilly-sur-Seine to conclude its role in World War I.

In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne, which was previously divided between the communes of Neuilly-sur-Seine and Boulogne-Billancourt, was annexed in its entirety by the city of Paris.

Politics

Neuilly used to be one of the most right-wing towns in France, regularly voting for the candidate of the traditional right by landslide margins. Former president Nicolas Sarkozy was mayor of Neuilly from 1983 to 2007.<ref>Template:Cite web.</ref> Amidst a poor national showing of 20%, Neuilly gave right-wing candidate François Fillon 65% of its vote in the first round of the 2017 presidential election.

In more recent elections, which have tended to be polarized between Emmanuel Macron’s centrist coalition and the right-populist National Rally, Neuilly has broken for Macronist parties like En Marche! and Ensemble instead.

Election Winning candidate Party %
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2022 R2 Emmanuel Macron EM 82.58
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2017 R2 Emmanuel Macron EM 88.78
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2017 R1 François Fillon LR 65
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2012 R2 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 84.20
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2007 R2 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 86.81
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2002 R2 Jacques Chirac RPR 88.57
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 1995 R2 Jacques Chirac RPR 85.88
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 1981 R2 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing UDF 79.29

Logos of the city council

  • Logo until 2022
    Logo until 2022
  • Logo since 2022
    Logo since 2022

Population

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Neuilly-sur-Seine proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Neuilly-sur-Seine ceded part of its territory to the new commune of Levallois-Perret in 1866.<ref name=ehess/>

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Main sites

It was the site of the Château de Neuilly, an important royal residence during the July Monarchy. The Hôtel de Ville was completed in 1886.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Transport

Neuilly-sur-Seine is served by the Paris Métro and the RER, Paris’s commuter rail network. Paris Métro Line 1 has three stations in the commune, all along Avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, which is part of the Axe historique: Porte Maillot, Les Sablons and Pont de Neuilly. RER C and E stop at Neuilly–Porte Maillot, which is connected to Porte Maillot on the Métro.

RATP, Paris’s transit agency, also operates bus service in the commune on lines 43, 73, 82, 93, 157, 158, 163, 164, and 174 during the day and N11 and N24 at night.[1] Template:Webarchive

Economy

Located near France's main business district La Défense, Neuilly-sur-Seine also hosts several corporate headquarters: Bureau Veritas, Chanel, Marathon Media, JCDecaux,<ref>"Legal disclaimer Template:Webarchive."Template:Sic JCDecaux. Retrieved on 28 September 2011. "[...]whose registered office is located at 17 rue Soyer, 92523 Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France."</ref> Thales Group,<ref>"Contact Us Template:Webarchive." Thales Group, Retrieved on 28 August 2009.</ref> M6 Group, Sephora, PricewaterhouseCoopers France, Parfums Christian Dior (in 2019), Orangina France, Grant Thornton International France.

Education

Collège et Lycée Pasteur
Liceo Español Luis Buñuel

Public schools in Neuilly:<ref name=Publicschools>"Etablissements scolaires publics." Neuilly-sur-Seine. Retrieved on 2 May 2015.</ref>

  • Eight écoles maternelles (preschools): Achille Peretti, Charcot, Dulud, Gorce-Franklin, Michelis, Poissoniers, Roule, Saussaye
  • Ten elementary schools: Charcot A, Charcot B, Gorce-Franklin, Huissiers, Poissoniers, Peretti, Michelis A, Michelis B, Saussaye A, and Saussaye B
  • Two lower secondary schools: Collège André Maurois and Collège Théophile Gautier.
  • Collège et Lycée Pasteur
  • Lycée Saint-James
  • Lycée professionnel Vassily Kandinsky

Domestic private schools:<ref name=Privateschools>"Etablissements scolaires privés." Neuilly-sur-Seine. Retrieved on 2 May 2015.</ref>

  • École primaire Sainte-Croix
  • École primaire Sainte-Marie
  • École primaire Saint-Dominique
  • École Saint-Pierre / Saint Jean
  • Collège Saint-Pierre / Saint-Jean
  • Collège et Lycée Sainte-Croix
  • Collège et Lycée Sainte-Marie
  • Collège et Lycée Saint-Dominique
  • Lycée professionnel Georges Guérin

International private schools:<ref name=Privateschools/>

Post-secondary:

  • Université de Paris IV-Sorbonne CELSA<ref name=Publicschools/>
  • Institut Européen des Affaires<ref name=Privateschools/>
  • École supérieure de Santé<ref name=Privateschools/>

Notable residents

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Twin towns – sister cities

Template:See also Neuilly-sur-Seine is twinned with:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

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References

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