RATP Group
Template:DistinguishTemplate:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox company
The RATP Group (Template:Langx) is a French state-owned enterprise (EPIC) that operates public transport systems primarily in Paris, France. Headquartered in Paris, it originally operated under the name Template:Lang (Template:Langx). Its logo represents the Seine's meandering path through the Paris Region stylised as the face of a person looking up. The company had described itself as the fourth-largest presence in public transport.<ref name="logbook2019" />
RATP Group was established in 1949 with the express purpose of operating Paris's public transport system. During the twentieth century, it focused solely on the provision of the capital's various forms of transit, from the Paris Métro, Île-de-France tram, and the RATP bus network, as well as part of the regional express rail (RER) network. However, since 2002, RATP Group's operations have no longer been geographically restricted; it has competitively pursued contracts to operate transit systems around the world. It also had a partnership with, and a minority shareholding in, Transdev, which has further involved RATP Group in various global transport operations. During 2002, RATP Dev was created as the Group's dedicated international operations and maintenance subsidiary; it is present in 16 countries across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.
RATP Group's Paris-related activities are still a major part of its business through to the present day; in 2019, it was recorded that, in the Île-de-France region, it carried roughly 3.3 billion passengers per year.<ref name="logbook2019">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2019, RATP Group's consolidated revenue was Template:€; it employed 64,000 people at that time.<ref name="logbook2019" /> In recent decades, the company has operated on an increasingly competitive basis as a result of legislative changes.
History
The RATP was created on 1 January 1949 by combining the assets of the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP), which operated the Paris Métro, and the Société des Transports en Commun de la Région Parisienne (STCRP), which operated the city's bus system.
Prior to this, the CMP had absorbed the Nord-Sud Company in 1930 and the Ligne de Sceaux in 1937, which operated commuter rail to the suburbs.Template:Citation needed The STCRP had been created on 1 January 1921 by the merger of about half a dozen independent bus and streetcar operators in the Paris area. By the time the STCRP was merged into the RATP, all of its streetcars had been replaced by bus routes.Template:Citation needed
Shift towards competitive operations
A major change in French law came on 3 November 2009, when article 5 of the ARAF (French rail regulatory body) law came into effect. This law opens public transport operation to competition. The law was part of a broader push by the European Union to open all passenger transport operation to competition. Under this law, the RATP Group lost the exclusive right to operate all new public transport lines immediately. The company's exclusive operation rights for existing lines would expire over time, with the bus network going out to bid 15 years later in 2024, the tram network (Lines T1, T2 & T3) going out to bid 20 years later in 2029, and the Metro and RER lines out to bid 30 years later in 2039.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
With the RATP anticipating this shift to a competitive environment, the company began to reorganize itself.
In the early years of the 21st century, a partnership with Transdev resulted in RATP acquiring a minority shareholding in that group, with its many worldwide transport operations. However, in 2009, the Caisse des dépôts et consignations, the majority owner of the Transdev, started negotiations with Veolia to merge Transdev with Veolia Transport. As part of the resulting agreement, made in May 2010, it was agreed that RATP would take over ownership of some of Transdev's operations in lieu of cash payment for its holdings in Transdev. This gave RATP a considerable number of international operations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2009, RATP entered the United States by purchasing transit contractor McDonald Transit Associates.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> McDonald operated Fort Worth Transportation Authority (now Trinity Metro) in Texas, Votran in Florida, and Waco Transit System in Texas, among others. On 1 August 2011, the RATP Group purchased Stagecoach Metrolink's contract to operate the Metrolink light rail system in Greater Manchester, England until July 2017.<ref name="rgi20110802">Template:Cite news</ref> Two years later, in 2013, RATP purchased the nearby long-established coach company, Selwyns Travel, a National Express operator.
Presidents
Template:Main The current president and CEO of the RATP, Jean Castex, is in office since 28 November 2022.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Hiba Farès is the Chairman of the Board of RATP Dev since January 2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Operations in Paris
In Paris, RATP operates, under its own name, on behalf of and under contract with Île-de-France Mobilités (IDFM), the Paris region transit authority. RATP's services constitute, in their own right, a multi-mode public transportation infrastructure, but also contribute to a larger multi-mode system extending out into the surrounding Île-de-France communities.
RATP's services in the Greater Paris area include:
- The Paris Métro, a system of mostly underground rapid transit lines which run throughout the city, with some lines extending somewhat beyond the city boundaries. The Métro has 16 lines with Template:Convert of track and 321 stations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>The figure of "321" (stations) does not include the fictional Montmartre funicular station. The latter is indeed considered as a metro station by RATP and statistically attached to line 2, which explains why RATP announces 322 stations and not 321.</ref> Three metro lines are fully automated and driverless: Line 1 (since 2012), Line 4 (since 2023) and Line 14 (since its opening in 1998).
- Orlyval, the automated shuttle serving Orly Airport.<ref>Orlyval is part of the "historic" RATP network but operated by RATP Dev, on behalf of RATP.</ref>
- The busiest parts of the RER, the Paris regional express rail network that runs mostly underground in the centre of Paris and overground in the rest of the region. RATP owns and operates most of lines A and B, both together representing approximately Template:Convert and 66 stations. The rest of the RER network is operated by SNCF.
- Nine out of the fourteen lines of the Paris tram system (T1, T2, T3a, T3b, T5, T6, T7, T8, T10) totaling Template:Convert and 197 stops.<ref>Line T4 is operated by SNCF, line T9 is operated by Keolis and lines T11 and T13 are operated by Transkeo (Keolis/SNCF).</ref><ref>The operations and maintenance contract for Île-de-France tramway Line 10 was awarded to RATP Dev following a competitive procurement process</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The extensive Paris city bus system (351 lines with a total length of Template:Convert), including the majority of the Noctilien night buses.
- Two BRT lines: the Trans-Val-de-Marne (TVM, Template:Convert) and line 393 (Template:Convert).
- The Montmartre funicular.
Paris bus route 341 was RATP's first line equipped with 100% electric full-size buses (starting June 2016).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> By early 2021, there were over 150 full battery electric buses in the fleet with a target of 1,500 by 2025.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
With regard to the future Grand Paris Express orbital metro network of which all lines will be fully automated and driverless, RATP will act as the infrastructure manager for lines 15, 16, 17 and 18, and operate Paris Métro Line 15 through the ORA consortium led by RATP Dev with minority partners ComfortDelGro and Alstom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Operations outside Paris
RATP Dev (Dev being a contraction of Template:Lang, French for development<ref name="acronym">Template:Cite web</ref>), established in 2002 as a 100% subsidiary of the RATP Group, provides operations and maintenance of passenger transport services outside of the "historical" RATP network in the Greater Paris area.
RATP Dev is currently present in 17 countries, namely Australia, Belgium, Canada, China's SAR Hong Kong, Egypt, France, Italy, Morocco, the Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States. Wholly and partly owned operations include the following:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="ratpsub">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Operations in France
Heavy rail
- Future CDG Express, express rail link between Paris Gare de l'Est and Charles de Gaulle Airport (in the Hello Paris joint venture with Keolis)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Other modes
- Agglobus, the network of Bourges in the Cher department (since 2011, renewed for the 2017–2022 period, and again renewed for the 2023–2030 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- ALPBUS, operating various school, shuttle and coach services as well as fixed routes services including, among others, the bus network serving Cluses and cross-border services between France and Switzerland with routes connecting Annecy, Thonon-les-Bains and Sallanches with Geneva Airport<ref name="ARAS">Template:Cite web</ref>
- The AXO network covering the Communauté d'agglomération Creil Sud Oise (for the 2021–2028 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The Bibus multimodal network in and around Brest including the Brest tramway and Brest cable car, in the Finistère department (for the 2019–2027 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The IZILO network of Lorient Agglomération in the Morbihan department (since 2018, renewed for the 2024–2032 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Com'Bus, Yvelines and Val-d'Oise departments
- The Impulsyon network of La Roche-sur-Yon in the Vendée department (since 2010, renewed for the 2017–2023 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The Irigo multimodal in and around Angers including the Angers tramway (for the 2019–2025 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The Kicéo network of Vannes in the Morbihan department (for the 2017-2023 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Lignes de Vienne et agglomération (L'va) in and around Vienne in the Isère department (since 2011)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Le Vib in Vierzon in the Cher department (since 2011, renewed in 2015 for 8 more years)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The Marinéo network of Boulogne-sur-Mer in the Pas-de-Calais department (since 2013, renewed in 2021 for another 6 years)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The Mistral network of Métropole Toulon Provence Méditerranée area in the Var department<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mouvéo, the network of Épernay in the Marne department (since 2016)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Ondéa, the network of Aix-les-Bains and its surroundings in the Savoie department (since 2014, renewed in 2021 for another 7 years)<ref name="ARAS" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- "RIO 4", regional and school bus services in the Oise department (since 2021)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- TAAM, paratransit in and around Amiens in the Somme department (since 2021)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Transports annemassiens collectifs (TAC), the network covering the Agglomeration community of Annemasse – Les Voirons (joint control with TPG)
- Transports de l'agglomération de Charleville-Mézières (TAC), the network of Charleville-Mézières and Sedan in the Ardennes department (since 2012, renewed for the 2017–2024 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- TBK bus and coach network covering Quimperlé and surroundings in the Finistère department (for the 2020-2028 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Transports urbains laonnois (TUL), the network of Laon in the Aisne department (since 2016, renewed for the 2023–2029)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Transports urbains lavallois (TUL), the network of Laval in the Mayenne department (for the 2023-2031 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Transports en Commun Lyonnais (TCL), the operation and maintenance of rolling stock, infrastructure upkeep and safety on the TCL network (from January 2025 and for a period of 10 years).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- RATP Dev operates the coastal zone of the Basque Country network Txik Txak, and Transdev will handle the retro-coastal zone in association with local transport company Hiruak Bat (since 2024)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Other activities
In December 2022, RATP Dev launches hydrogen training center in La Roche-sur-Yon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In June 2024, RATP partnered with Wabtec to equip all its RER A trains with a new brake lining that eliminates 70-90% of the health-damaging fine particles found on platforms. Similar tests are being carried out on some metro lines.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The same year, RATP and Île-de-France Mobilités signed an accessibility charter to make it easier for blind and partially-sighted people to travel on Île-de-France's transport network.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Operations outside France
Heavy rail
- Gautrain, regional express train in Gauteng province, South Africa, linking Johannesburg, Pretoria and O. R. Tambo International Airport (since 2010)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- "La Ferroviaria Italiana", two regional rail lines in Tuscany, Italy (minority share)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Cairo-New Cairo railway, regional rail service between Cairo and the new administrative capital of Egypt (since 2022)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Metro and tramway
- Tramway networks in the Algerian cities of Algiers (since 2012), Oran (since 2013), Constantine (since 2013), Sidi Bel Abbès (since 2017), Ouargla (since 2018) and Sétif (since 2018)<ref name="algeria">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Future Sydney Metro Western Sydney Airport, Australia (15 years of operations and maintenance starting 2026)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Cairo Metro Line 3, Cairo, Egypt (for the 2020-2035 period)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- DC Streetcar, Washington, D.C., United States (since 2016)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Florence tramway, Florence, Italy (since 2010)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Casablanca LRT, Casablanca, Morocco (since 2012, contract renewed in 2017 until the end of 2029)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Hong Kong Tramways, Hong Kong (since 2009)<ref>From 2009 to 2020, this operation was managed by RATP Dev Transdev Asia (RDTA), a 50/50 joint venture with Transdev; since 2020 RATP Dev assumes sole control of the Hong Kong tramway operation.</ref><ref name="rdta">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Manila Line 1, Manila, Philippines (technical assistance, since 2014)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- MATA Trolley, Memphis, Tennessee, United States (since 2021)<ref name="mata">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Sun Link Streetcar, Tucson, Arizona, United States (since 2013, renewed in 2019)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Doha Metro and Lusail LRT, Qatar (20-year contract through RKH Qitarat, joint venture formed by Hamad Group (51%) and Keolis-RATP Dev (49%))<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Riyadh Metro Lines 1 and 2 (12-year contract)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Future Jurong Region MRT line, Singapore.<ref name="f425">Template:Cite web</ref>
Bus and coach
Italy
- Tuscany regional bus network including 4,800 employees, 2,700 vehicles and 57 depots, via the Autolinee Toscane subsidiary (since 1 November 2021, for a duration of 11 years)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Cilia Italia, Lazio<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
United Kingdom
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RATP Dev's presence in the United Kingdom is mainly concentrated in London with its portfolio of bus services on behalf of Transport for London. Through its three subsidiaries London United, Quality Line (acquired as Epsom Coaches in April 2012) and London Sovereign (acquired in April 2014), RATP Dev manages 1129 vehicles on 96 routes out of 10 garages, and has 3387 employees, as of 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Early 2021, RATP Dev announced that it is to close its Quality Line subsidiary and Epsom depot.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The closure was effective as of July 2021.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 16 June 2021, the firm announced it had placed an order for 195 electric buses for its London operations to be delivered jointly by Alexander Dennis and BYD Auto, the by then largest ever full battery electric bus order in the UK.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 22 September 2021, RATP Dev and SeaLink Travel Group (now Kelsian Group) announced that their respective West London bus operations (including London United, London Sovereign and Tower Transit's Westbourne Park garage) would merge into a new joint venture called RATP Dev Transit London, with RATP Dev holding 87.5% of shares and SeaLink 12.5%.<ref name="rdltjv">Template:Cite web</ref> The incorporation of the joint venture was finalised on 11 December 2021.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Tower Transit's Lea Interchange garage, located in East London, was not part of the joint venture and remained unaffected<ref name="rdltjv" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> until sold off separately to Stagecoach London.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Outside of London, RATP Dev manages, since 2011, the Air Decker, a bus service operated by Bath Bus Company connecting Bristol Airport with Bath.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
United States
RATP operates various transit systems in the United States under the name RATP Dev USA:
- Arlington Entertainment Area Management District Trolley, Arlington, TexasTemplate:Citation needed
- Asheville Rides Transit (ART), North Carolina (since 2017)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Augusta, Georgia (since 2013)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Bloomington Transit, IndianaTemplate:Citation needed
- Bowling Green, Kentucky (since 2020)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mountain Mobility, Buncombe County, North Carolina (paratransit, since 2011, renewed in 2020)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Camarillo Area Transit, California (since 2018)<ref name="Roadrunner">Template:Cite press release</ref>
- Citibus, Lubbock, TexasTemplate:Citation needed
- Citylink Edmond, Oklahoma (since 2014)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- City of Lompoc Transit, California (since 2018)<ref name="Roadrunner" />
- City of Ocala SunTran, Marion County, Florida<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The COMET, South Carolina (since 2020)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Hartford, New Haven, and Stamford Divisions of CTtransit, Connecticut (management contract since 2023)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- GoDurham, Durham, North Carolina (since 2023)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- GoRaleigh and GoRaleigh Access, Raleigh, North Carolina (since 2023)<ref name="raleigh">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Greensboro Transit Authority, Greensboro, North Carolina (since 2022)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- IndyGo, Indianapolis, Indiana (paratransit only, since 2021)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- LakeXpress, Lake County, Florida (seven fixed routes, paratransit and 54 vehicles, management contract since 2017)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Lextran Wheels Paratransit, Lexington, Kentucky (since 2022)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Oxford-University Transit, Oxford, Mississippi<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Memphis Area Transit Authority, Memphis, Tennessee (since 2021)<ref name="mata" />
- Needles Area Transit, CaliforniaTemplate:Citation needed
- Santa Maria Regional Transit (SMRT), Santa Maria, California, U.S. (management contract since 2018)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- THE Bus, Hernando County, FloridaTemplate:Citation needed
- TheBus, Prince George's County, Maryland (since 2020)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- VCTC Intercity, California (since 2018)<ref name="Roadrunner" />
- Visalia Transit, Visalia, California (since 2024)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Votran, Volusia County, Florida (until 2020 and again since 2025)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Wake County, North Carolina (since 2023)<ref name="raleigh" />
- Waco Transit System, Waco, TexasTemplate:Citation needed
- Yuma County Area Transit, Yuma, Arizona (since 2018)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Winston-Salem Transit Authority, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (since 2024)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Zion National Park, Utah, shuttle system (since 2000, renewed in 2020)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Saudi Arabia
- All of Riyadh's urban bus network which will progressively grow to about 100 lines and 1,000 vehicles over three depots.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> RATP Dev and its Saudi Arabian partner SAPTCO have established the network since 2014 and launched revenue service in March 2023<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Autonomous shuttles in Al-'Ula, on behalf of the Royal Commission for Al-'Ula (since 2022)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Switzerland
- HelveCié, operating various school, shuttle and coach services in the cantons of Fribourg, Geneva, Neuchâtel and Vaud<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Various bus and coach services as subcontractor to Geneva's transit operator TPG<ref name="ARAS" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Cross-border services between Switzerland and France including services connecting Annecy, Thonon-les-Bains et de Sallanches with Geneva Airport<ref name="ARAS" />
Tootbus
RATP Dev operates hop-on hop-off tours using double-decker buses under the Tootbus brand in several cities:
- Tootbus Paris (formerly "Paris L'OpenTour")
- Tootbus London (formerly The Original Tour, acquired in September 2014<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>)
- Tootbus Bath operated by Bath Bus Company in Bath
- Tootbus Brussels (since November 2021 with up to 12 fully battery-electric vehicles, as part of an eight-year concession granted by STIB)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Other
Since 2013, RATP Dev, in a consortium with TPG and Pomagalski, manages the Salève cable car, in the French Alps.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Ridership of the cable car has increased by 50% since 2013, notably after the introduction of shuttle buses from Annemasse and Saint-Julien-en-Genevois.<ref name="saleve">Template:Cite web</ref> The contract of the RATP Dev-led consortium has been renewed in 2019 for 12 additional years, until 2031.<ref name="saleve" />
RATP Dev established in 2018 a "regional office" in Singapore for Asia-Pacific albeit not having any operational activity in the city-state.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In December 2020, RATP Dev and SBS Transit announced a partnership for future rail projects in Singapore, without referencing specific commercial targets.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> RATP Dev and SBS Transit are expected to bid for operations and maintenance of the future Jurong Region MRT line and the future Cross Island MRT line.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 2024, RATP Dev and SBS Transit were successful in their tender for the Jurong Region MRT Line.<ref name="f425"/>
In September 2020, RATP Dev announces a partnership with Getlink to jointly bid under the "Régionéo" brand name for regional rail services in France which will gradually opened to competitive tendering.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In February 2023, Sepulveda Transit Corridor Partners (STCP), one of the two private sector teams executing the project development agreement with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority for the future Sepulveda Transit Corridor, announced to have selected RATP Dev as its operations and maintenance partner.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In October 2024, RATP Dev and the East Japan Railway Company announce their association to jointly bid for operations and maintenance of the North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR), in the Philippines.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Former operations
(selection / non comprehensive list)
- Algiers Metro (from 1 November 2011 to 31 October 2020)<ref name="algeria"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- São Paulo Metro Line 4: technical assistance for start-up and the launch of commercial operations in 2010 and 1% share in the concessionnaire ViaQuatro until 2015<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Rio de Janeiro Light Rail: technical assistance for start-up and the launch of commercial operations in 2016<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Anqing Zhongbei buses in Anqing, China (as part of RDTA from 2008 to ?)<ref name=rdta/><ref name="divorce" />
- Shenyang trams (as part of RDTA from 2013 to ?)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Line 9 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway (as part of RDTA from 2009 to 2019)<ref name="divorce">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro (as part of RDTA from 2014 to 2019)<ref name="divorce" />
- Aléo, the urban bus network of Moulins in the Allier department (from 2012 to 2019)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- STI Allier et STI Nièvre, France (ceased to Prêt à Partir in 2018)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The Transvilles multimodal network in and around Valenciennes, including the Valenciennes tramway (from 2015 to the end of 2022)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Manchester Metrolink (from August 2011 to July 2017)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Selwyns Travel: coach operator with 92 vehicles based in Manchester, Runcorn and St Helens, England (acquired in 2013 and sold in 2020).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- "Slide", an on-demand shared transport / microtransit service targeting commuters in Bristol, England (from July 2016 to December 2018, in partnership with French start-up Padam)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- "Slide Ealing" in London (from November 2019 to mid-2020, in partnership with MOIA)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Yellow Buses, a bus operator in Bournemouth, England (from 2011 to July 2019).<ref name="Bus&Coach6May10">French moves in London Template:Webarchive Bus & Coach Professional 6 May 2010</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- DC Circulator, Washington, D.C. (from 2018 to the end of 2024)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Fullington Auto Bus Company, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.: acquired in 2009 and sold in 2017<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Open Loop New York: hop on hop off tour company in New York City commenced in May 2014, ceded to Big Bus Tours in 2017<ref>RATP Dev starts Open Tour with 15 buses in NYC Metro Magazine 15 May 2014</ref><ref>RATP's Extrapolitan quits New York sightseeing Buses issue 751 October 2017 page 19</ref>
- Capital MetroBus in Austin, Texas: 79 routes, 250 buses, 21 million passengers/year, from 2012 to early 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mountain Metropolitan Transit, Colorado Springs, Colorado (until early 2023)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
- Template:Official website
- Template:Official website – official site (Template:Official website)
- Template:Official website – official site
- Paris tourist information (Template:ISO 639 name)
- Tram Travels: Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP)
Template:RATP Group Template:Major UK Transport Companies Template:Authority control