New England Anti-Slavery Society

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William Lloyd Garrison, 1833, Oil on wood by Nathaniel Jocelyn.
Remember Your Weekly Pledge, collection box for Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Set aside in the home, the box was designed to remind members to make their weekly contribution. Circa 1850

The New England Anti-Slavery Society (1831–1837) was formed by William Lloyd Garrison, editor of The Liberator, in 1831. The Liberator was its official publication.

Based in Boston, Massachusetts, members of the New England Anti-slavery Society supported immediate abolition and viewed slavery as immoral and non-Christian (sinful). It was particularly opposed to the American Colonization Society, which proposed sending African Americans to Africa.

The founding meeting took place on January 1, 1831, in the vestry of the Belknap Street Church.<ref name="loring-eulogy">Template:Cite news</ref> (Some sources list the date as January 1, 1832.) Garrison was the principal founder. The other founding members were: Benjamin Bierly of Amesbury, Massachusetts,<ref name="aa">Template:Cite web</ref> Reverend Elijah Blanchard,<ref name="aa" /> Dr. Gamaliel Bradford,<ref name="aa" /> Elizabeth B. Chase,<ref name="aa" /> Joshua Easton, also a member of the Massachusetts General Colored Association,<ref name="aa" /> Charles Theodore Follen,<ref name="aa" /> Reverend Henry Grew,<ref name="aa" /> Reverend Cyrus Pitt Grosvenor,<ref name="aa" /> Ellis Gray Loring,<ref name="loring-eulogy" /> Captain Jonas Parker of Reading, Massachusetts,<ref name="aa" /> Reverend Perry of Mendon, Massachusetts,<ref name="aa" /> Reverend Amos August Phelps,<ref name="aa" /> Reverend Aaron Pickett of Reading, Massachusetts,<ref name="aa" /> Samuel Edmund Sewall,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Horace Wakefield,<ref name="aa" /> Amasa Walker,<ref name="aa" /> and a Reverend Yates.<ref name="aa" />

The society sponsored lecturers or "agents" who traveled throughout the New England area, speaking in local churches or halls, and also selling abolitionist tracts or The Liberator. Whenever possible, the Society's agents would also encourage the formation of local anti-slavery societies. By 1833 there were 47 local societies in ten northern states, 33 of them in New England. The society also sponsored mass mobilizations such as yearly anti-slavery conventions and celebrations of July 4 or — preferred by those who believed celebrating July 4 was unacceptable since the U.S. Constitution accepted slavery — the Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery in the West Indies, August 1.Template:Citation needed

John Levy, "a colored gentleman" from Lowell, decries insufficient involvement of free Negroes in the struggle. Garrison, Birney, Burleigh, Henry Stanton, and other stalwarts speak at length.Template:Citation needed

Massachusetts General Colored Association

In January 1833, Thomas Dalton, president of the Massachusetts General Colored Association, led a successful petition to merge with the New England Anti-Slavery Society.<ref name="Garrison1833">Template:Cite book</ref> Separate black anti-slavery societies had already existed in Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Connecticut, and New Jersey, however, a strong feeling against the organization of separate anti-slavery societies had been emerging.

Together they organized anti-slavery conventions and speaking programs throughout New England.

Sometime after Joshua Easton was sent as a delegate to the New England society in 1833, African Americans were granted full membership in the organization.<ref name="Cromwell1994">Template:Cite book</ref>

American Anti-Slavery Society

In 1833, Garrison and Arthur Tappan expanded this society and formed the American Anti-Slavery Society. The American Anti-Slavery Society, however, attempted to create state-based organizations under the umbrella of its executive committee. At first the New England Anti-Slavery Society and the American Society worked together, with the New England Society becoming an auxiliary in 1834.<ref name=Zorn>Zorn, Roman J.,The New England Anti-Slavery Society: Pioneer Abolition Organization, The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 42, No. 3 (Jul., 1957), pp. 157-176</ref>

Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society

In 1838, however, the New England Society gave up its regional jurisdiction and reorganized into the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.<ref name=Zorn /> The society took a proactive role in advocating for legislation against new slave codes and laws, particularly within Massachusetts, including publishing treatises related to proposals to outlaw or penalize those participating in the activities and formation of societies relating to abolition and anti-slavery activities.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Annual meetings were held in Boston at Julien Hall, Melodeon, and Tremont Temple. Officers included James N. Buffum, Francis Jackson, Wendell Phillips, Parker Pillsbury, and Edmund Quincy. Lecturers affiliated with the society included William Wells Brown,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Frederick Douglass,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Samuel Joseph May, and Charles Lenox Remond. Joel W. Lewis was the chairman in 1840.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The New England Anti-Slavery Society held conventions in:

The Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society held conventions in:

Following the Civil War the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society took up the cause of racial equality.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

References

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Further reading

Issued by the society

New England Anti-Slavery Society

Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society

About the society

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