Nicholas de Moels
Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Short description
Nicholas de Moels or Nicholas Molis (c. 1195 – 1268 or 1269) was an [[Anglo-Normans|AngloTemplate:NbhNorman]] royal administrator and household knight of King Henry III of England.Template:SfnTemplate:Efn In this capacity he was assigned many and varied offices and duties, often of a temporary nature. He married a wealthy heiress from North Cadbury in Somerset which transformed him into a major landholder and feudal baron. In 1244 whilst serving as Seneschal of Gascony, he inflicted a defeat on the King of Navarre, whom he took prisoner in the field.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Origins
His parentage is unknown.Template:Sfn His surname appears to derive from the Norman manor of Meulles in Calvados, southTemplate:Hyphenwest of Orbec, in the Diocese of Lisieux.Template:Sfn Devonshire historian Tristram Risdon (d. 1640) stated that he "descended of an ancient lineage in this shire" but provided no further detail.Template:Sfn One of the many tenants of Devonshire baron Baldwin de Meulles (d. 1090), a Domesday Book tenant in chief, was a certain "Roger de Moles", who held from him at least the two manors or estates of Lew Trenchard and Waddlescot / Warson.Template:Efn His successor in 1066 was a Joel de Moels.Template:Sfn In 1242, as recorded in the Book of Fees, Lew Trenchard and Waddlescot were held by a certain "John de Molis" from John de Courtenay, feudal baron of Okehampton, who had inherited much of the land formerly held by Baldwin de Meulles.Template:Sfn This John de Molis, perhaps a brother of Nicholas, would also hold Lashbrook, Dornaford, Exbourn and Highampton, which had been held by a Roger de Molis in 1086.Template:Sfn
Nicholas was born about 1195 and appears to have spent some of his early life in the court of King John of England (1199Template:Ndash1216),Template:Sfn whose son King Henry III (1216Template:Ndash1272) he would later serve.
Career
During the reign of Henry III, Nicholas served as Sheriff of Hampshire (1228–1232), Sheriff of Devon (1234), and Sheriff of Yorkshire (1239–1242), and also as Constable of Winchester Castle, Pembroke Castle, Haverfordwest Castle, Cilgerran Castle, Tenby Castle, Rochester Castle (1247), Canterbury Castle (1247) and Corfe Castle. He was also Governor of the Channel Islands.Template:Sfn
Seneschal of Gascony
Template:Original research section The contemporary Benedictine monk Matthew Paris wrote as follows concerning events in 1243:
- Unde cito post contigit quod cum rex a Burdegali recessurus custodemque quem senescallum vocant, ei idoneum, videlicet Nicholaum de Molis, providisset, jam jamque omnia ad custodiam terrae provide pro curasset, et ascensa nave, alta freti velificando versus Angliam jam sulcasset orta excogitati scismatis inter ipsos Wasconienses occasione rex missis galeis festinanter revocaretur et redire cogeretur ut exortus gravissimus conflictus ibidem sedaretur.Template:Sfn
Which may be translated as follows:
- "And it happened soon after, that when the king was about to leave Bordeaux, and had appointed Nicholas de Molis as a fit person to act as governor, whom they call seneschal, and had taken all precautions for the safety of the land, and had embarked, and was even ploughing the depths of the sea, sailing towards England, a furious quarrel having arisen among those Gascons, the king was hastily recalled by galleys sent after him, and compelled to return, that he might quell the great disturbance which had arisen".Template:Sfn
In September 1243, Henry III left Gascony to return to England, having on 17 June 1243 appointed Nicholas de Moels as Seneschal of Gascony, as related by Matthew Paris in his Chronica Majora,Template:Efn with a marginal illustration of the King and Queen on board a ship with a man in a small boat alongside, apparently de Moels seeing him off.Template:Efn The Latin text following the illustration is as follows:
- De reditu regis in Angliam de Pictavia et Wasconia. Eisdem quoque temporibus, scilicet circa festum Sancti Remigii, rex Angliae, dispositis in Wasconia disponendis commissaque custodia terrae Nicholao de Molis, militi strenuissimo et circumspecto, quem praefecit Wasconiae senescallum, naves ascendens, prospere velificando redeundo in Angliam, transfretavit et septimo kalendas octobris apud Portesmues applicuit.Template:Sfn
Translated as:
- "At that time also, namely about the feast of StTemplate:NbspRemy, the King of England, having settled what was to be settled in Gascony, and having intrusted the government of the land to Nicholas de Molis, a very brave and prudent soldier, whom he created seneschal of Gascony, and taking ship, had a most pleasant voyage across the Channel, and returned into England; he landed at Portsmouth on the 25th of September".Template:Sfn
In 1244, de Moels inflicted a defeat on Theobald I, King of Navarre, capturing him in person on a battlefield in Gascony, according to the Devonshire historian Tristram Risdon (d. 1640).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn He was relieved of that office, with commendation for his service, in July 1245.Template:Sfn
The event is related as follows by Matthew Paris:
- Nicholaus de Moles senescallus Wasconiae contra regem Navariae dimicans ad votum triumphavit: Anni ipsius eodem tempore Nicholaus de Molis Wasconiae senescallus quem rex a Wasconia ibidem terrae suae custodem constituerat contra regem Navariae guerram viriliter continuans ad votum in quodam casu inito certamine triumphavit.Template:Sfn
Which may be translated:
- "Of the victory gained by Nicholas de Molis, seneschal of Gascony. About this time of the year, Nicholas de Molis, seneschal of Gascony, whom the king, on leaving that country, had appointed governor of that province, and who had been carrying on a fierce war against the king of Navarre, was favoured by fortune in one engagement, and gained a victory over him".Template:Sfn
Return to England
Nicholas returned to England to fight in the Welsh wars and was made governor of Caernarvon Castle and Cardigan Castle. He was made Constable of Dover Castle in 1246, Sheriff of Kent in 1247 and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports in 1258.Template:Sfn
Landholdings
Many of the gifts of land he received from the king were temporary in nature, comprising lands forfeited by other landholders but later restored to them.Template:Sfn In 1217 he was granted a lease of the manor of Watlington in Oxfordshire "for his sustenance in the king's service".Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In 1226 he was granted Little Berkhamstead, which was later confirmed to him in fee.Template:Sfn After his marriage in 1230 to Hawise de Newmarch, heiress of North Cadbury and many other manors, he became a major landholder in his own right. He continued to receive royal grants. In 1230 he was granted the royal demesne manors of King's Carswell and Diptford in Devon.Template:Sfn In 1250 or 1251 he was granted free warren in his manors of Cadbury and nearby Mapperton in Dorset.Template:Sfn
Personal life
In or after 1230, Nicholas married Hawise de Newmarch (as her second husband), widow of John de Botreaux (whom she had married in 1218) and younger daughter and coTemplate:Hyphenheiress of James de Newmarch (d. 1216), feudal baron of North Cadbury in Somerset.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Hawise's sister, Isabel de Newmarch, married Ralph Russell (died c. 1250), son of her guardian Sir John Russell (died c. 1224) of Kingston Russell in Dorset, who was also a household knight of King John and of the young King Henry III to whom he also acted as steward.
Nicholas and Hawise had several children, including:
- James de Moels (d. March 1252 or 1253), eldest son and heir apparent who predeceased his father. In 1243 he was assigned to be educated with Prince Edward, son of King Henry III.Template:Sfn
- Roger de Moels (c. 1233 or 1237Template:Citation neededTemplate:Ndash1294), second but eldest surviving son and heir, Marshal of the Army and Governor of Lampsdervour Castle in Ceredigion.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn His second son was John de Moels, 1st Baron Moels (d. 1310).
- Agnes de Moels (born 1230)Template:Citation needed, born at CadburyTemplate:Citation needed, the second wife of William de Braose, 1st Baron Braose, feudal baron of Bramber and Gower.Template:Sfn
- Maud de Moels (born c. 1258)Template:Citation needed span, married Richard de L'Orti, or de Urtiaco, heir to the barony of Stoke Trister, Somerset.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Nicholas de Moels died between November 1268 and 24 June 1269.Template:Sfn
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
Books and journals
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book
- Template:Cite book