Roundel
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A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also for a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular and usually comprising concentric rings of different colours. Roundels are used in many other contexts as well.
Heraldry
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In heraldry, a roundel is a circular charge. Roundels are among the oldest charges used in coats of arms, dating from at least the twelfth century. Roundels in British heraldry have different names depending on their tincture.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Thus, while a roundel may be blazoned by its tincture, e.g., a roundel vert (literally "a roundel green"), it is more often described by a single word, in this case pomme (literally "apple", from the French) or, from the same origins, pomeis—as in "Vert; on a cross Or five pomeis" (a green field with a golden/yellow cross on which are drawn five green roundels/circles).<ref>Scottish Public Register vol. 32, p. 26</ref>
One special example of a named roundel is the fountain, depicted as a roundel barry wavy argent and azure, that is, containing alternating horizontal wavy bands of blue and silver (or white).
Military aircraft
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The French Air Service originated the use of roundels on military aircraft during the First World War.<ref name="rafmu"/> The chosen design was the French national cockade, whose colours are the blue-white-red of the flag of France. Similar national cockades, with different ordering of colours, were designed and adopted as aircraft roundels by their allies, including the British Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service, and (in the last few months of the war) the United States Army Air Service. After the First World War, many other air forces adopted roundel insignia, distinguished by different colours or numbers of concentric rings.
The term "roundel" is often used even for those military aircraft insignia that are not round, like the Iron Cross-Balkenkreuz symbol of the Luftwaffe or the red star of the Russian Air Force.Template:Citation needed
Flags
Among national flags which display a roundel are the flags of Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Burundi, Dominica, Ethiopia, Grenada, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Namibia, Niger, North Korea, North Macedonia, Palau, Paraguay, Rwanda, South Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan), Tunisia, and Uganda.
Flags for British Overseas Territories used a British Blue Ensign defaced with a roundel displaying the arms or badge of the dependency until 1999. The same pattern is still used for all the states of Australia except Victoria.
Roundels in modern design
Some of the design elements that appear in logos that utilize roundels include variables such as harmony, balance, symmetry, proportion, and circularity, as established by Pamela W. Henderson & Joseph A. Cote.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> However, for a simple logo, such as the Target Logo, to become associated with the brand, the brand needs to be well known and have unique branding.<ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>
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In popular culture
- The roundel, especially that used by the Royal Air Force, has been associated with pop art of the 1960s, appearing in paintings by Jasper Johns and British artist Sir Peter Blake. It became part of the pop consciousness when British rock group The Who wore RAF roundels (and Union Flags) as part of their stage apparel at the start of their career. Subsequently it came to symbolise Mods and the Mod revival.
- The Canadian National Hockey League team, the Winnipeg Jets, use the Royal Canadian Air Force Roundel as the basis of their primary logo, with a fighter jet overlaid on top of the red maple leaf.
- Some of Paul Weller's material involves the use of a roundel in psychedelic colours and in particular this featured in the design of his album Stanley Road created with the aforementioned Sir Peter Blake who was also responsible for designing the Beatles Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover and art.
- Ben Harper's album Fight for Your Mind uses roundels from several air forces as graphics in the liner notes.
- In the British television series Doctor Who, the circular decorations on the interior walls of the TARDIS control room are known as roundels.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Examples
Military aircraft roundels
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Other roundels
Some corporations and organizations make use of roundels in their branding. {{#invoke:Gallery|gallery}}