No. 42 Squadron RAF
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox military unit
No. 42 Squadron, also known as No. 42 (Torpedo Bomber) Squadron or No. 42 (TB) Squadron, is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It reformed at RAF Lossiemouth on 21 September 2023 as the Operational Conversion Unit for both the Boeing Poseidon MRA1 and Boeing Wedgetail AEW1.<ref name="LOS-REFORM23">Template:Cite web</ref>
The squadron served during the First World War as an army co-operation squadron and during the Second World War in various roles. Between 1992 and 2010, it was based at RAF Kinloss as the Operational Conversion Unit for the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR2, until the retirement of the aircraft in March 2010.
History
First World War
Formed on 1 April 1916 from crews of No. 19 Squadron Royal Flying Corps at RAF Filton, No. 42 Squadron spent the First World War flying reconnaissance sorties. Using Royal Aircraft Factory BE.2s (and later Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8s), the squadron spent time on both the Western Front and the Austro-Italian Front. On returning to England after the war, the squadron was disbanded at RAF Netheravon on 26 June 1919.<ref name="Rawlings1982p65"/><ref name="Jefford2001p42">Template:Harvnb</ref>
The squadron was based at La Gorgue in northern France from 1 September to 8 November 1916.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Second World War
On 14 December 1936, 'B' flight of No. 22 Squadron was expanded into a new No. 42 Squadron.<ref name="Rawlings1982p65"/><ref name="Halley1988p95"/> In 1939, No. 42 Squadron was based at RAF Bircham Newton. Initially the unit was equipped with Vickers Vildebeests before re-equipping with Bristol Beauforts in January 1940. The squadron operated also a bomber unit in the Burma campaign flying Blenheims during 1942 and as a fighter-bomber unit flying Hawker Hurricanes during 1943. The squadron disbanded on 30 June 1945 but on the following day No. 146 Squadron was renumbered to No. 42 Squadron and flew Republic Thunderbolts Mk.IIs.<ref name="Halley1988p95"/> The squadron fought on with these until the Burma campaign ended and thereafter the squadron disbanded on 30 December 1945 at Meiktela.<ref name="Rawlings1982p65"/><ref name="Jefford2001p42"/>
Post-War
Beaufighters and Shackletons (1946–1971)
On 1 October 1946, No. 254 Squadron at RAF Thorney Island was renumbered to No. 42 Squadron. Equipped with Bristol Beaufighter, it was a strike unit in RAF Coastal Command until disbanded on 15 October 1947.<ref name="Halley1988p95"/><ref name="Jefford2001p42"/>
On 28 June 1952, No. 42 Squadron was reformed at RAF St. Eval, Cornwall, flying Avro Shackleton MR.1s in the maritime reconnaissance role.<ref name="Jefford2001p42"/> In 1954, the squadron began to re-equip with the Shackleton MR.2.<ref name="AoA"/> On 11 January 1955, two squadron Shackleton MR.2s (WG531 and WL743) disappeared while operating near Fastnet Rock.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> No. 42 Squadron Shackletons used to regularly visit RAF Khormaksar in Aden before the Aden Emergency, with it undertaking colonial policing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
No. 42 Squadron relocated to RAF St. Mawgan in October 1958.<ref name="AoA"/> In 1961, the squadron deployed to Jamaica to provide support for relief operations after Hurricane Hattie struck the Caribbean and British Honduras.<ref name="Ballykelly">Template:Cite web</ref> It further converted to the Shackleton MR.3 in December 1965.<ref name="AoA"/> In 1966, No. 42 Squadron deployed to Mahajanga, Malagasy Republic, to take part in the Beira Patrol which enforced the blockade of the port of Beira in Mozambique to prevent oil shipments to Rhodesia.<ref name="Ballykelly"/>
Nimrods (1971–2011)
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In April 1971, No. 42 (Torpedo Bomber) Squadron began to convert to the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod MR.1.<ref name="Halley1988p95"/><ref name="Jefford2001p42"/>
No. 42 (TB) Squadron were the first Nimrod unit to arrive at Wideawake Airfield, Ascension Island, when XV244 and XV258 landed on 6 April 1982 shortly after the invasion of the Falkland Islands.<ref name="TargetLock">Template:Cite web</ref> In October 1984, one of No. 42 (TB) Squadron's crews won the Fincastle Trophy at RAAF Base Edinburgh, South Australia.<ref name="TargetLock"/> On 29 August 1985, Nimrod MR.2 XV229 helped locate the wreck of Virgin Atlantic Challenger.<ref name="TargetLock"/>
In June 1990, No. 42 (TB) Squadron won the Fincastle Trophy once again, this time at CFB Greenwood, Nova Scotia.<ref name="TargetLock"/> In October 1990, the squadron deployed its crews to Seeb International Airport, Oman, and later to RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus, in January 1991 as part of Operation Granby.<ref name="raf"/> Nimrod MR.2 XV244 (Battle Star 42) was credited with 14 mission markings and four ship kills while deployed.<ref name="Global">Template:Cite web</ref> One of the squadron's crews were credited with having achieved the highest number of assisted kills – six, achieved operating in a High Air Threat environment.<ref name="Global"/>
Disbanded as a front-line unit in October 1992, it was later reformed as No. 42 (Reserve) Squadron at RAF Kinloss, Moray, taking over from No. 236 OCU as the Nimrod Operational Conversion Unit (OCU).<ref name="raf">Template:Cite web</ref>
No. 42 (R) Squadron made the Nimrod's last visit to Gibraltar on 20/21 March 2010 as part of Operation Active Endeavour.<ref name="targetlock"/> The squadron flew its last Nimrod MR.2 flight on 30 March 2010 with XV232 visiting Rockall, St. Kilda, RAF St. Mawgan, RAF Valley and RAF Lossiemouth.<ref name="targetlock">Template:Cite web</ref> It was originally expected that No. 42 (R) Squadron would serve as the OCU for the BAE Systems Nimrod MRA.4, however it was cancelled as part of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review,<ref name="Global"/> with No. 42 (R) Squadron formally disbanding alongside the other Nimrod units on 26 May 2011.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Poseidon and Wedgetail OCU (2023–present)
The unit was reformed as No. 42 (Torpedo Bomber) Squadron on 21 September 2023 at RAF Lossiemouth, Moray. The squadron is the Operational Conversion Unit for both the Boeing Poseidon MRA1 and Boeing Wedgetail AEW1. No. 42 (TB) Squadron's first Poseidon sortie was flown on 26 September 2023.<ref name="LOS-REFORM23" />
Aircraft operated
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| April 1916 | August 1916 | B.E.2 | 2d |
| April 1916 | April 1917 | B.E.2 | 2e |
| April 1917 | February 1919 | R.E.8 | |
| December 1936 | December 1937 | Vickers Vildebeest | Mk.III |
| January 1937 | March 1937 | Vickers Vildebeest | Mk.I |
| March 1937 | April 1940 | Vickers Vildebeest | Mk.IV |
| September 1939 | April 1940 | Vickers Vildebeest | Mk.III |
| April 1940 | January 1942 | Bristol Beaufort | Mk.I |
| January 1942 | February 1943 | Bristol Beaufort | Mk.II |
| February 1943 | October 1943 | Bristol Blenheim | Mk.V |
| October 1943 | June 1945 | Hawker Hurricane | Mk.IV |
| September 1944 | December 1944 | Hawker Hurricane | Mk.IIc |
| April 1945 | June 1945 | Hawker Hurricane | Mk.IIc |
| July 1945 | December 1945 | Republic Thunderbolt | Mk.II |
| October 1946 | October 1947 | Bristol Beaufighter | TF.10 |
| June 1952 | July 1954 | Avro Shackleton | MR.1/1A |
| January 1953 | January 1966 | Avro Shackleton | MR.2 |
| November 1965 | September 1971 | Avro Shackleton | MR.3 |
| April 1971 | August 1984 | Hawker Siddeley Nimrod | MR.1 |
| August 1983 | April 2011 | Hawker Siddeley Nimrod | MR.2 |
| September 2023 | present | Boeing Poseidon | MRA.1<ref name="LOS-REFORM23" /> |
| 2024 | Boeing Wedgetail | AEW.1<ref name="LOS-REFORM23" /> |
Battle honours
No. 42 Squadron has received the following battle honours.<ref name="AoA">Template:Cite web</ref> Those marked with an asterisk (*) may be emblazoned on the squadron standard. Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break
- Somme (1916)
- Western Front (1916–1918)*
- Arras (1917)
- Ypres (1917)
- Italian Front & Adriatic (1917–1918)*
- Lys
- Channel & North Sea (1939–1942)*
- Biscay (1940)*
- Baltic (1941)*
- Fortress Europe (1941)
- Eastern Waters (1943)*
- Arakan (1943–1944)*
- Pacific (1943–1945)
- Manipur (1944)*
- Burma (1944–1945)*
- South Atlantic (1982)
- Gulf (1991)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
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External links
- The History of No 42 Squadron at raf.mod.uk
- World War II bases of No. 42 Squadron
- History of No.'s 41–45 Squadrons at RAF Web
- Rickard, J. (1 October 2008), No. 42 Squadron (RAF): Second World War
- No 42 Reserve Squadron, RAF