O (Cyrillic)

Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva as an illustration for the Cyrillic letter О in "Mir iskusstva ABC" by Mstislav Dobuzhinsky

О (О о; italics: О о or О о; italics: О о) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

The letter most commonly represents the sound /ɔ/, like the pronunciation of Template:Angbr in "aura". In Russian and Serbo-Croatian, it represents the sound /o/.

History

Some old Russian typewriters like this one were manufactured without the digit 0 as the letter O could be used instead.

The Cyrillic letter О was derived from the Greek letter Omicron (Ο ο).

Form

Modern fonts

In modern-style typefaces, the Cyrillic letter O looks exactly like the Latin letter O Template:Angle bracket and the Greek letter Omicron Template:Angle bracket.

Church Slavonic printed fonts and Slavonic manuscripts

Template:Main Historical typefaces (like poluustav (semi-uncial), a standard font style for the Church Slavonic typography) and old manuscripts represent several additional glyph variants of Cyrillic O, both for decorative and orthographic (sometimes also "hieroglyphic"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>) purposes, namely:

• broad variant (Ѻ/ѻ), used mostly as a word initial letter (see Broad On for more details);
• narrow variant, ᲂ, being used now in Synodal Church Slavonic editions as the first element of digraph Oy/oy (see Uk (Cyrillic) for more details), and in the editions of Old Believers for unstressed "o" as well;
• variant with a cross inside (Crossed O), Ꚛ, used in certain manuscripts as the initial letter of words окрестъ 'around, nearby' (the root of this Slavonic word, крест, means 'cross') and округъ 'district, neighbourhood' with their derivatives;
• "eyed" variant (Monocular O) with a dot inside (Ꙩ/ꙩ), used in certain manuscripts in spelling of word око 'eye' and its derivatives. In many other texts, including the birchbark letters, the monocular O was not used as a hieroglyph but largely as a synonym of Broad On signalling the word-initial position;
• "two-eyed" variants (Binocular O) with two dots inside (Ꙫ/ꙫ or Ꙭ/ꙭ), also double "O" without dots inside were used in certain manuscripts in spelling of dual/plural forms of the words with the same root 'eye';
• "many-eyed" variant (Multiocular O), ꙮ, used in certain manuscripts in spelling of the same root when embedded into word Template:Lang 'many-eyed' (an attribute of seraphim).

Usage

In Russian, O is used word-initially, after another vowel, and after non-palatalized consonants. Because of a vowel reduction processes, the Russian Template:IPA phoneme may have a number of pronunciations in unstressed syllables, including Template:IPA and Template:IPA. It is the most common letter in the Russian language.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In Macedonian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Belarusian, the letter represents the sound /ɔ/.

In Tuvan the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Related letters and other similar characters

• Ο ο : Greek letter Omicron
• O o : Latin letter O
• Ó ó : Latin letter Ó
• Օ օ - Armenian letter O
• 0 : Digit Zero
• Ё ё : Cyrillic letter Yo
• Ѻ ѻ : Cyrillic letter Broad On
• Ӧ ӧ : Cyrillic letter O with diaeresis
• Ө ө : Cyrillic letter Oe
• Ӫ ӫ : Cyrillic letter Oe with diaeresis
• Ҩ ҩ : Cyrillic letter O-hook

Computing codes

Exotic glyph variants of Cyrillic O are available only in Unicode:<ref name=Cyrillic/><ref name=Cyrillic_ExtA/><ref name=Cyrillic_ExtB/><ref name=Cyrillic_ExtC/><ref name=UTN_41/>

• broad Ѻ/ѻ:
  • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA: U+047A
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA: U+047B
• narrow ᲂ does not just represent itself, but also used in digraph Oy/oy:
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NARROW O: U+1C82
  • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK: U+0478 (deprecated in favor of combination of Cyrillic letters О and у, U+041E U+0443)
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK: U+0479 (deprecated in favor of combination of Cyrillic letters о and у, U+043E U+0443 or U+1C82 U+0443)
• with a cross inside (Ꚛ/ꚛ):
  • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED O: U+A69A
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED O: U+A69B
• doubled Ꚙ/ꚙ:
  • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE O: U+A698
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE O: U+A699
• eyed Ꙩ/ꙩ:
  • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER MONOCULAR O: U+A668
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER MONOCULAR O: U+A669
• two-eyed (Ꙫ/ꙫ, Ꙭ/ꙭ):
  • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O: U+A66A
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O: U+A66B
  • CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O: U+A66C
  • CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DOUBLE MONOCULAR O: U+A66D
• many-eyed ꙮ:
  • CYRILLIC LETTER MULTIOCULAR O: U+A66E
• combining O for Church Slavonic abbreviations (as Template:Slavonic = Template:Slavonic '(Holy) Trinity'):
  • COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O: 2DEA

References

<references> <ref name=Cyrillic>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref name=Cyrillic_ExtA>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref name=Cyrillic_ExtB>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref name=Cyrillic_ExtC>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref name=UTN_41>Template:Cite web</ref> </references>

External links

• Template:Wiktionary-inline
• Template:Wiktionary-inline