Paul Vinogradoff

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Template:Short description Template:Family name hatnote Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox historian Sir Paul Gavrilovitch Vinogradoff Template:Post-nominals (Template:Langx; Template:OldStyleDate – 19 December 1925) was a Russian and British historian and medievalist. He was a leading thinker in the development of historical jurisprudence and legal history as disciplines.<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>

Life and career

Early years and education

Vinogradoff was born in Kostroma and was educated at the local gymnasium and Moscow University, where he studied history under Vasily Klyuchevsky. After graduating in 1875, he obtained a scholarship to continue his studies in Berlin, where he studied under Theodor Mommsen and Heinrich Brunner.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Career

Vinogradoff became professor of history at the University of Moscow, but his zeal for the spread of education brought him into conflict with the authorities, and consequently he was obliged to leave Russia.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Having settled in England, Vinogradoff brought a powerful and original mind to bear upon the social and economic conditions of early England, a subject which he had already begun to study in Moscow.Template:Sfn

Vinogradoff visited Britain for the first time in 1883, working on records in the Public Records Office and meeting leading English scholars such as Sir Henry Maine and Sir Frederick Pollock. He also met Frederic William Maitland, who was heavily influenced by their meeting.<ref>Frederic Maitland dedicated one of his first published books to Paul Vinogradoff, Professor of History in the University of Moscow: Template:Cite book</ref>

Vinogradoff was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1897.<ref>American Antiquarian Society Members Directory</ref>

In 1903, he was elected to the position of Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Oxford, and held this position until he died in 1925.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1905. He received honorary degrees from the principal universities (including D.C.L. from the University of Oxford in October 1902, in connection with the tercentenary of the Bodleian Library.<ref>Template:Cite newspaper The Times</ref>), was made a member of several foreign academies and was appointed honorary professor of history at Moscow.Template:Sfn

Upon the death of Maitland, Vinogradoff became the literary director of the Selden Society with Sir Frederick Pollock, a position he held until 1920. During World War I he gave valuable assistance to the British Foreign Office in connection with Russian affairs.<ref>Template:EB1922</ref> Vinogradoff was knighted in 1917,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and he and his children were naturalized as British subjects in 1918.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

In 1925, Vinogradoff traveled to Paris to receive an honorary degree from the Sorbonne; while in Paris, he developed pneumonia and died in a hospital there on 19 December. Аfter a funeral service at the Russian Church in Paris, his body was cremated, his ashes were transferred, and on 24 December 1925 he was buried in the Holywell Cemetery, Oxford. The epitaph on his tombstone was chosen by himself: Hospitae Britanniae gratus advena.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Writing

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, published in 1911, Vinogradoff's Villainage in England (1892) was "perhaps the most important book written on the peasantry of the feudal age and the village community in England; it can only be compared for value with FW Maitland's Domesday Book and Beyond. In masterly fashion Vinogradoff here shows that the villein of Norman times was the direct descendant of the Anglo-Saxon freeman, and that the typical Anglo-Saxon settlement was a free community, not a manor, the position of the freeman having steadily deteriorated in the centuries just around the Norman Conquest. The status of the villein and the conditions of the manor in the 12th and 13th centuries are set forth with a legal precision and a wealth of detail which shows its author, not only as a very capable historian, but also as a brilliant and learned jurist."Template:Sfn

The article considered that almost equally valuable was Vinogradoff's essay on “Folkland” in vol. viii. of the English Historical Review (1893), which proved for the first time the real nature of this kind of land. Vinogradoff followed up his Villainage in England with The Growth of the Manor (1905) and English Society in the Eleventh Century (1908), works on the lines of his earlier book.Template:Sfn

In Outlines in Historical Jurisprudence (1920–22), Vinogradoff traces the development of basic themes of jurisprudence, including marriage, property, and succession, in six different types of society: the totemistic, the tribal, the ancient city state, the medieval system of feudalism and canon law, and modern industrial society.<ref>Vinogradoff planned the work to be in at least three volumes, as Vol. III, centered around "The Mediaeval Jurisprudence of Western Christendom", was listed as "in preparation" in the opening of Vol. II.</ref>

Works

Books

Other

As editor

As translator

Articles

Further reading

Notes

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References

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