The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by city or municipal mayors.<ref>Except during the 30 days immediately preceding and following any national, local and barangay elections. During these periods, the local police forces are under the supervision and control of the Commission on Elections</ref> DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.
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Until January 1991, the Philippines did not have a civilian national police force, and instead had the Philippine Constabulary under the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and city and municipal police organized under the Integrated National Police,<ref name=about/> which was likewise nationalized and integrated under the command of the military under martial law in 1975.
The need to assert civilian control of the military was a reform agenda which began being addressed almost as soon as Ferdinand Marcos was deposed by the 1986 People Power Revolution; within a year of Marcos' ouster, the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines enshrined the principle of civilian supremacy over the military.<ref name="MEI">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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R.A. 6975 was further amended by R.A. 8551, the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,<ref name="PCWGovPH-RA8551">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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On June 14, 2019, the PNP announced that the Counter-Intelligence Task Force will be replaced with the Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Functions
Security & Law Enforcement.
Maintenance of Peace and Order and Public Safety.
Prevent, Control, and Investigate crimes and bring offenders to justice.
Exercise the vested powers from the constitution and pertinent laws.
Detain an arrested person/s for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law.
Implement pertinent laws and regulations on firearms and explosives control.
Supervise and control the training and operations of security and investigation agencies.
To serve and protect the community and to save lives and properties.
Forensic Group (FG; formerly PNP Crime Laboratory Group)
Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG)
Police Community Affairs and Development Group (PCADG; formerly Police Community Relations Group)
Firearms and Explosives Office (FEO)
Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies (SOSIA)
Drug Enforcement Group (DEG; formerly Anti-Illegal Drugs Group)
Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG)
Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG)
Explosives Ordinance Disposal and Cannine Group (EOD-K9)
Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG; formerly Counter-Intelligence Task Force)
Divisional organization
Area Police Command
The Philippine National Police (PNP) has a hierarchical structure that gives Area Police Commanders (APCs) a unique position. They hold the rank of Police Lieutenant General (or an initial rank of Police Major General for an acting commander) and are responsible for overseeing, supervising, and controlling inter-regional operations. These operations include combating insurgency, terrorism, internal security threats, and general crime.
They are the Assistant Chiefs of the PNP within their designated areas (i.e.: Assistant Chief, PNP for Northern Luzon, Assistant Chief, PNP for Southern Luzon, etc.) and rank above the members of the PNP Directorial Staff. They are the fifth-in-command of the entire police organization, following the Chief of the Directorial Staff (TCDS), who is the PNP's number four man. They hold the same rank level as the Chief of the Directorial Staff but are subordinate to the Deputy Chiefs of the PNP for Administration and Operations (TDCA and TDCO). Ultimately, APCs report directly to the Chief of the Philippine National Police.
PRO 6 - Western Visayas, PRO NIR - Negros Island Region, PRO 7 - Central Visayas, PRO 8 - Eastern Visayas
Western Mindanao
PRO 9 - Zamboanga Peninsula, PRO 12 - Soccsksargen, PRO BARMM
Eastern Mindanao
PRO 10 - Northern Mindanao, PRO 11 - Davao Region, PRO 13 - Caraga
Regional Offices
Police Regional Offices (PROs) manage and administer district offices, provincial and city police offices, mobile force battalions, national support units, police stations, and precincts within the various regions of the Philippines. Each unit exercises independent control over all police units within their areas of operation and attached units of the PNP National Headquarters are ordered to assist these Regional Offices. PROs are under the supervision of the Area Police Commands except the National Capital Region Police Office.
Except in Metro Manila, regional police offices are organized into:
Police Regional Office (PRO)
Regional Mobile Force Battalion (RMFB)
Regional Headquarters Support Unit (RHSU)
District Police Office (DPO)
District Police Maneuver Unit (DPMU)
City Police Office (CPO)
City Special Weapons and Tactics (CSWAT)
Component City Police Station (CCPS)
Police Community Precincts (PCP)
City Mobile Force Company (CMFC)
Police Provincial Office (PPO)
Provincial Mobile Force Company (PMFC)
Municipal Police Stations (MPS)
City Police Stations (CPS)
Police Substations (PS)
Internal Affairs Service
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The PNP created a national Internal Affairs Service (IAS) in June 1999. It is an organization within the structure of the PNP and one of its tasks is to help the Chief PNP institute reforms to improve the image of the police force through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and behavior of the PNP personnel. It is headed by the Inspector General.
The following operational units exist within the PNP.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG)Template:Sndresponsible for the investigation of cybercrime, conducting forensic analyses on seized computers and digital evidence, and for assessing vulnerabilities in public and private IT infrastructure.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG)Template:Sndresponsible in addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations.
Civil Security Group (CSG)Template:Sndresponsible for the regulation of all organized private detectives, watchmen, security agencies, and company guard forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG)Template:Sndresponsible for monitoring, investigating, and prosecuting all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations. It also conducts organized crime control and handles all major cases involving violations of the penal code or other laws assigned.
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Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG)Template:Sndresponsible for conducting intelligence build-up and law enforcement operations against PNP personnel who are involved in any illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, financial crimes, cybercrime, malversation, graft and corrupt practices, security violations, and others. It replaced the Counter-Intelligence Task Force (CITF).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Intelligence Group (IG)Template:Sndresponsible for intelligence and counter-intelligence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG)Template:Sndresponsible for the security of vital government installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given protection. It also supports the Presidential Security Group in protecting the president and their family.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Special Action Force (SAF)Template:Snda mobile strike force or a reaction unit to augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control, internal security operations, hostage-taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters and national emergencies and other special police operations such as anti-hijacking, anti-terrorism, and explosives and ordnance disposal.
File:Isuzu D-Max Special weapons and Tactics Vehicle of PNP 13th RPSB.jpgIsuzu D-Max Special weapons and Tactics Vehicle of PNPPNP Air Unit (AU)Template:Snda highly specialized police unit specializing in providing air support to the entire PNP. It is staffed by a pool of professional, licensed and experienced pilots and aircraft mechanics. Once a part of Special Action Force.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
Per the current (2019) rank system, the National Police has no rank holders of Second Lieutenant, Technical Sergeant, Sergeant and Patrolman First Class.
The PNP conducts regular recruitment programs, depending on the annual budget. The entry level for non-commissioned officers is the rank of Police Patrolman (for male recruits) or Police Patrolwoman (for female recruits). The new recruits will undergo Public Safety Basic Recruit Course for six months, and a Field Training Program for another six months. Prior to their actual duty, they are required to undergo the mandatory special training of PNP BISOC or PNP Basic Internal Security Operations Course for 45 days to 5 months to enhance them in militaristic/tactics for future assignment in the field whether in the Striking Force or in the Police Station.
Commissioned officers for the Philippine National Police are from the Philippine National Police Academy as well as through "lateral entry" for specialized disciplines and requirements such as criminologists in line-officers, lawyers, doctors, engineers, chaplain and other technical positions and also the rose-from-the-rank personnel who have reached the qualifications to be a commissioned officer.
Retirement
A police officer has to two ways for retirement i.e. Optional and Mandatory Retirement. Optional Retirement is an option of an uniformed personnel to retire who rendered at least 20 years retire from the service, while the latter is when they reach the mandatory retirement age of 56. Any officer may opt to go on non-duty status at most three months before the date when they reach the mandatory retirement age so they could prepare the pertinent documents for their retirement (some called it Terminal Leave). While on this status they are still considered as part of the police force and retain their ranking.<ref name="nonduty">Template:Cite news</ref>
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The PNP is one of the "core security actors"<ref name="NDCPCruzSSR" /> that are the focus of security sector governance and reform in the Philippines, which involves civilianizing, professionalizing, modernizing, and capacitating the Philippine government's security institutions<ref name="NDCPCruzSSR">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="AteneoOretaAFPPNP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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A blackmail case occurred in Binondo, Manila when police officers abducted and blackmailed seven Chinese citizens suspected of drug trafficking on December 30, 1998.<ref name="I1">Newsinfo.inquirer.net. "Newsinfo.inquirer.netTemplate:Webarchive." Acting MPD chief facing raps over abduction of HK residents. Retrieved on August 28, 2010.</ref> After many months of detainment and torture, two Hong Kong residents were killed when the ransom money was not paid.<ref name="HKD1">HKdailynews.com.hk. "HKdailynews.com.hkTemplate:Webarchive." 新任警察總長一天下台 涉綁架謀殺3港人. Retrieved on August 28, 2010.</ref> One police superintendent who knew of the operation was also killed.<ref name="I1" />
Euro Generals scandal
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The Euro Generals scandal involves Eliseo de la Paz and several Philippine National Police officials who went to Russia in October 2008 to attend an Interpol conference. De la Paz was detained for carrying a large sum of undeclared money. A House panel investigating the scandal concluded that the six police officials who attended the conference had made the trip without authorization.<ref>Jess Diaz, Moscow trip illegal – PNP, The Philippine Star, November 21, 2008.</ref> In 2010, the Office of the Ombudsman filed graft charges against twelve former and active ranking PNP officials for their alleged involvement in the incident.<ref>Kristine L. Alave, Alcuin Papa, Ombudsman says ‘euro generals’ liedTemplate:Webarchive, Philippine Daily Inquirer, August 13, 2010.</ref><ref>Michael Punongbayan, 'Euro generals' charged with graftTemplate:Webarchive, The Philippine Star, August 13, 2010.</ref>
Parañaque shootout
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On December 5, 2008, ten suspected criminals, one policeman, and five civilians, a total of 16 people, including a seven-year-old girl, were killed in a shootout in Parañaque. Several others were wounded, including a ranking officer of the Highway Patrol Group, two members of the Special Action Force, a village watchman, and a security guard, said Director Leopoldo Bataoil, head of the Metro Manila regional police. The criminals belonged to a Waray-Waray gang and were armed with M16 rifles fitted with grenade launchers.<ref name="Inquirer-Girl7">Template:Cite news</ref>
The head of the Internal Affairs Service of the PNP said, "We failed in our mission to protect the civilians."<ref>Parañaque shootout a failed operation – police internal affairs headTemplate:Webarchive, GMA News, December 10, 2008.</ref> On July 29, 2009, the Department of Justice (DOJ) filed multiple murder charges against 29 policemen, including three generals, in connection with the shootout following the filing of a complaint-affidavit by Lilian de Vera, who lost her husband and seven-year-old daughter in the incident.<ref>Multiple murder raps filed vs cops in Paranaque shootoutTemplate:Webarchive, datelinephilippines.com, July 29, 2009.</ref> On January 11, 2010, the Commission on Human Rights recommended the filing of criminal and administrative charges against 26 policemen<ref>CHR wants cops in Parañaque shootout chargedTemplate:Webarchive, ABS-CBN News, January 12, 2010.</ref> In March, it was reported that after two witnesses had said De Vera and his daughter were not killed in the shootout, that policemen already had complete control of the area where the two were killed.<ref>DOJ files murder raps vs 25 cops in Parañaque shootoutTemplate:Webarchive, ABS-CBN News, March 11, 2020.</ref>
Binayug torture case
Inspector Joselito Binayug, chief of the Asuncion police community precinct in Tondo arrested Darius Evangelista on March 5, 2009, for alleged robbery. A torture video was leaked to the media and shown on television showing a police officer whipping and cursing the suspect and pulling on a rope that was tied to the victim's genitals. The incident allegedly happened inside the Asuncion police precinct in Tondo. Binayug was arrested for violating the Anti-Torture act of 2009. Separate charges were filed for Evangelista being tortured to death.<ref>Philstar.com, Tondo precinct cops face torture raps</ref><ref>Philstar.com, Torture victim identified</ref>
Maguindanao massacre
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On November 24, 2009, Senior Superintendent Abusana Maguid, the police chief of Maguindanao province, was reported to have been relieved of his duties after witnesses reported seeing three of his officers at the scene of the Maguindanao massacre in which 57 people, including journalists, lawyers, aides, and motorists who were witnesses were killed.<ref>Philippine Local Police Chief Detained After MassacreTemplate:Webarchive, Bloomberg.com, November 24, 2009.</ref> On November 25 Maguid and Chief Inspector Sukarno Dikay were reported to have been relieved from post and placed under restrictive custody.<ref>Paolo Romero, State of emergency in Maguindanao, The Philippine Star, November 25, 2009.</ref> On November 26, Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Secretary Ronaldo Puno announced that Maguid, Dikay, and others were suspected of involvement in the massacre.<ref>Maguindanao massacre suspect turns self inTemplate:Webarchive, ABS-CBN News, November 26, 2009.</ref> On December 19, Maguid, Dikay, and others were reported to have been recommended for summary dismissal by the PNP high command.<ref>7 policemen face dismissal over 'neglect' in Maguindanao massacreTemplate:Webarchive, GMA News, December 19, 2009.</ref> On April 16, 2010, the National Police Commission ordered a 90-day suspension against Maguid, Dikay, and 60 other police personnel for their possible involvement in the killings.<ref>5 Ampatuans moved to Manila jailTemplate:Webarchive, Sun-Star, April 17, 2010.</ref> On July 10, it was reported that Dikay had applied to become state witness, saying that he is confident that his testimony will pin down the masterminds of the killing.<ref>Aie Balagtas, Andal Jr., 16 others plead not guilty, The Philippine Star, July 29, 2010.</ref>
Failed hostage rescue operation
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The Philippine National Police conceded that in the 2010 Manila hostage crisis they made blunders in ending a bus hijacking, as outrage grew over the bloody assault played out on live television that left eight Hong Kong tourists dead. The Hong Kong Economic Journal was reported to have accused the PNP of having "appalling professional standards" and "...[a] lack of strategic planning".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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"Wheel of Torture" secret detention facility
The Philippine Commission on Human Rights filed charges against ten police officers after it was discovered that they routinely tortured detainees inside a secret detention facility in Biñan, Laguna. It was alleged that some "were tortured for the police officers’ amusement" when they're intoxicated. The facility is notorious for utilizing a roulette called the "Wheel of Torture", a play on the Wheel of Fortune, where various torture methods were printed. The wheel is rotated and wherever the pin stops, the indicated torture method is perpetrated on the detainee.<ref>"Police Torture Chamber Found in Laguna"Template:Webarchive. Inquirer.net. Retrieved January 30, 2014.</ref>
The torture methods included a 20-second Manny Pacman punch, named after the famous boxer Manny Pacquiao, where the detainee is beaten for 20 seconds; "Paniki" which means being hung like a bat; "Tusok ulo ka" which means being pierced through the head; "Zombies" which means being electrocuted; and other degrading tasks like "duck walk" and "Ferris wheel".<ref>"Filipino cops accused of "Wheel of Torture""Template:Webarchive. NewsBeat Social. Retrieved January 30, 2014.</ref>
Kidnapping and killing of Jee Ick-Joo
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Sometime in January 2017, a Korean was killed inside Camp Crame.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Philippine National Police Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG) charged former NBI officials Roel Boliv, Ricardo Diaz, and Jose Yap in relation to the case.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2013 Pampanga drug recycling scandal
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In 2013, an anti-illegal drug unit led by Police Chief Inspector (now Police Major) Rodney Baloyo launched an operation against a certain Chinese national inside a subdivision in Mexico, Pampanga. However, an alleged recycling of Methamphetamine Hydrocloride locally known as "shabu" worth 648 million Philippine Pesos confiscated dubbed as "Agaw-Bato" by the media and setting drug lord Johnson Lee free were discovered by then Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) Chief (now Baguio Mayor) Benjamin Magalong resulting in the dismissal of 13 police officers dubbed as "Ninja Cops" (including Baloyo) involved in the said operation. In 2019, Magalong revealed that PNP Chief Oscar Albayalde who was the Pampanga provincial director when the incident happened, asked not to implement the dismissal of the cops involved in the recycling of drugs and often profited along with the cops involved.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The revelations caused Magalong receiving death threats and the resignation of Albayalde on October 14, 2019.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Uniter Association
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In 2019, German news outlets reported that the Philippine National Police received training from Uniter Association (German: Verein Uniter), a non-government organization suspected to be a neo-Nazi paramilitary due to its alleged affiliation with a far-right network called "Hannibal".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Mañanita during the COVID-19 pandemic
The holding of a mañanita for NCRPO's chief (later PNP Chief) Debold Sinas amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila was criticized for breaching quarantine regulations. A mañanita is a customary celebration in the PNP where senior officers are greeted by their personnel early in the morning of their birthdays. The national police has filed charges against Sinas over the event for violation of existing regulations on social distancing and mass gatherings. However, Sinas was still able to keep his post due to the "emergency situation" posed by the pandemic, as self-proclaimed by him.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="anyother">Template:Cite news</ref>
2020 Tarlac shooting
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Police Senior Master Sergeant Jonel Nuezca shot to death his two unarmed neighbors, Sonya Gregorio and her son Frank, in Paniqui, Tarlac, on December 20, 2020, at 5:10 p.m. (PST).<ref name="jn00012">Template:Cite news</ref> The incident was reported to the police 20 minutes later and, at 6:19 p.m., Nuezca surrendered at a police station in Pangasinan.<ref name="jn00012" />
The incident started when Nuezca went to investigate the Gregorios who were shooting a boga–an improvised bamboo cannon used as a noisemaker every December. Nuezca tried to arrest Frank, who appeared to be drunk. This led to a heated argument with Sonya, which culminated in Nuezca killing the two by shooting them at close range.<ref name="jn00012" /><ref name="jn00013">Template:Cite news</ref> According to Police Colonel Renante Cabico, director of the Tarlac Provincial Police Office, Nuezca was "off duty" at the time of the incident.<ref name="jn00012" /> The police called the incident an "isolated case."<ref name="jn00013" />
The incident was captured on video and spread online. Several netizens and celebrities condemned the killings on social media with the hashtags #StopTheKillingsPH, #EndPoliceBrutality, #PulisAngTerorista, and #JusticeForSonyaGregorio dominating on Twitter in the Philippines, as well as in Singapore and Dubai.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref> Some critics also pointed at the government over the acts of impunity and human rights abuses in recent years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
An indignation rally was done by numerous groups on December 21, 2020, at the Boy Scout Circle, Quezon City.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref>
The disgraced former PNP officer Jonel Nuezca was found guilty of murder in August 2021 and sentenced to "reclusion perpetua", which is 40 years imprisonment with parole possible after 30 years. He was also ordered to pay PHP476,000 (US$9,377) to the heirs of the victims.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Shootout with PDEA Agents (2021)
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On February 24, 2021, personnel of the Philippines National Police (PNP) and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) was involved in a friendly fire incident. Personnel from both sides engaged in a gunfight with both sides saying they were conducting an anti-drug operation. The shootout resulted in 2 deaths and 1 injured on the side of the PNP and 2 deaths and 3 injured on the PDEA side.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Quezon City shooting (2021)
On May 31, 2021, a police officer Police Master Sergeant Hensie Zinampan, who appeared to be drunk, shot a 52-year-old woman named Lilybeth Valdez dead in close range outside the store in Fairview, Quezon City, at around 9:30 p.m., following a heated argument between the two.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The incident was caught on video.<ref name="qc52A">Template:Cite news</ref> PNP Chief Guillermo Eleazar confronted Zinampan for his crime.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The police filed administrative and criminal charges against the police officer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The incident sparked outrage on social media, trending the hashtag #PulisAngTerorista on June 1, 2021, with netizens rejecting claims that the incident was an "isolated case."<ref name="qc52B">Template:Cite news</ref> The incident was likened to the 2020 Tarlac shooting.<ref name="qc52B" />
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