Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute

From Vero - Wikipedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Use American English Template:Infobox observatory Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute (PARI; /ˈpæriː/ PAIR-ee) is a non-profit astronomical observatory located in the Pisgah National Forest near Balsam Grove, North Carolina. PARI operates multiple radio telescopes and optical telescopes for research and teaching purposes. The site is a Dark Sky Park, certified by DarkSky International in 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is one of only two Dark Sky Parks in North Carolina. The observatory is affiliated with the University of North Carolina system through the Pisgah Astronomical Research and Science Educational Center (PARSEC).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> PARI is open to the public by appointment.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

PARI is located at the site of the former Rosman Satellite Tracking Station, which was established by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1962. The site was part of the worldwide Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and an integral communications link for the crewed space programs Project Gemini and Project Apollo.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> The Rosman Satellite Tracking Station, under NASA, was an unclassified facility and the site itself was open to the public.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The facility was transferred to the National Security Agency (NSA) in 1981. Known as the Rosman Research Station, it was used as a signals intelligence gathering location.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In contrast to the site’s time under NASA, the NSA’s top-secret Rosman Research Station operated “under a shroud of secrecy” and was strictly closed to the public.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1983, Transylvania County was off-limits to Soviet visitors. Locals suspected the ban was directly connected to the Rosman Research Station.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Likely in part due to the end of the Cold War,<ref name=":1" /> the site was closed by the NSA in 1995 and transferred to the United States Forest Service.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

After several years of inactivity, the federal government proposed to dismantle the facility. Recognizing the utility of the site, a small group of interested scientists and businessmen formed a not-for-profit foundation, which acquired the site in January 1999. It has continued capital investment at the facility, enabling updates of the equipment for astronomical observation purposes. A staff of professional astronomers, engineers, and other scientists work at the observatory.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In the early morning hours of Dec 24th, 2012, the institute was burglarized. Its collection of about 100 meteorites, valued at a minimum of $80,000 and with specimens weighing up to Template:Convert, was stolen, along with about $100,000 worth of TVs, monitors, projectors, microscopes, and other scientific equipment.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Much of the stolen property, including the meteorite collection, was recovered within a week.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

In 2023, The History Press published Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute: An Untold History of Spacemen & Spies by local North Carolina author and former CIA senior executive, Craig Gralley. This nonfiction book explores the site’s past as a NASA satellite tracking station during the Space Race and as a top-secret NSA signals intelligence gathering facility during the Cold War.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It details PARI’s inception and current mission of public STEM research and education.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Research and education

PARI hosts research and study programs with Furman University, Clemson University, Virginia Tech, South Carolina State University, and Duke University.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref> The PARI site has hosted several professional astronomy meetings, including the Small Radio Telescope Conference in August 2001, the Gamma-Ray Bursts Today and Tomorrow Conference in August 2002, and the Workshop on a National Plan for Preserving Astronomical Photographic Plates in November 2007.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> In partnership with the Smoky Mountains STEM Collaborative (SMSC), PARI held the 2022 NASA International Space Apps Challenge.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

PARI presents several educational opportunities, including weekend and summer camps for campers of all ages.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Prior to the program's end in 2020,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> PARI hosted the Duke University Talent Identification Program.<ref name=":2" /> PARI also sponsors astronomy educational programs using the portable StarLab planetarium.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> These have been presented to more than 40,000 people in Western North Carolina.

Facilities

The principal radio research instruments at PARI are two 26-meter radio telescopes—referred to as 26-West and 26-East—and a 4.6-meter radio telescope named Smiley. These instruments are adapted for precision tracking of celestial radio sources using multiple frequencies. Smiley is used for remote classroom teaching of astronomy by students in the US and worldwide. According to PARI myth and legend, Smiley was given its pleasant face around 1982 as a greeting to overflying foreign surveillance satellites—particularly those belonging to the Soviet Union.<ref name=":0" />

PARI is home to the Astronomical Photographic Data Archive (APDA), a facility designed to collect, preserve, and store astronomical photographic plates. These plates served as the primary recording medium for astronomy data from the late 1800s until the 1980s. Despite their proclaimed historic and scientific value,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> many of the estimated two million or more plates across the U.S. are in jeopardy of being destroyed due to lack of storage space, personnel, and maintenance.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> PARI’s APDA is the second largest plate repository in the world; boasting more than 460,000 glass plates from 83 observatories around the globe.<ref name=":0" /> The ultimate goal of APDA is to digitize the entire plate collection and create an online database accessible to the global community of scientists, researchers, and students.<ref>Castelaz, M. W. (2009). The Astronomical Photographic Data Archive at the Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute. In W. Osborn & L. Robbins (Eds.), Preserving Astronomy’s Photographic Legacy: Current State and the Future of North American Astronomical Plates: Vol. Vol. 410 (pp. 70–78). Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute. https://www.aspbooks.org/publications/410/070.pdf</ref> As part of a citizen science project initiated at PARI, referred to as Stellar Classification Online Public Exploration (SCOPE), internet users are able to observe and classify stars from digitized APDA plates.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

PARI’s exhibit galleries display NASA and space shuttle artifacts, an extensive collection of gems and minerals, fossils, and a wide variety of meteorites—including those from Mars and the moon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

PARI Central Campus with 26-West and 26-East

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

General references

Template:Portal bar Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Pisgah_Astronomical_Research_Institute&oldid=452890"