Pitchcott
Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox UK place
Pitchcott is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. It is about Template:Convert north-east of Waddesdon, slightly less than Template:Convert south of Winslow and slightly more than 4 miles north of Aylesbury. It is in the civil parish of Oving.
The parish is small, covering Template:Cvt.<ref name=Page>Template:Harvnb</ref> The highest point is Pitchcott Hill, about Template:Convert above sea level. The village is on the eastern brow of the hill, between about Template:Convert and Template:Convert above sea level.
Archaeology
A Roman road called Carter's Lane forms part of the parish's western boundary with Quainton.Template:Sfn There is some evidence of Roman occupation south of the village.Template:SfnTemplate:Broken footnote
Pitchcott is a shrunken village: around the surviving settlement, to the south-east and in other directions, are medieval house platforms and traces of tracks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> South-west of the former parish church is a mound that may have been the base of a medieval windmill.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The parish also has good examples of ridge and furrow,Template:SfnTemplate:Broken footnote showing that in the Middle Ages some of the land now farmed as pasture used to be arable.
In 1927 only about Template:Cvt were arable and Template:Cvt was grassland.<ref name=Page/> A transition from arable farming to sheep pasture in previous centuries, aided by enclosure, may explain why Pitchcott village shrank.
Manor
The toponym is derived from the Old English for "cottage where pitch is stored".Template:Citation needed Pitchcott is not named in the Domesday Book of 1086 or in 12th-century records.<ref name=Page/> In 1225 the manor was one fee of the Honour of Wallingford.<ref name=Page/> In 1540 this was merged with the Honour of Ewelme in Oxfordshire, and the last mention of Pitchcott's overlordship dates from 1550.<ref name=Page/>
In 1225 Pitchcott's mesne lord was Roger Pipard and in 1284 it was held by Robert Pipard.<ref name=Page/> In the 14th century it passed to the Earls of Hereford and in 1377, four years after the death of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford it was held by his heirs in attachment to the manor of Great Haseley in Oxfordshire.<ref name=Page/> The 7th Earl died with no male heir, so Pitchcott passed via his elder daughter, Eleanor de Bohun, to his granddaughter, Anne of Gloucester, who became married to Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford.<ref name=Page/> The last-known record of the mesne lordship is from 1400,<ref name=Page/> three years before Edmund Stafford died.
In 1225 Roger Pipard's tenant was Richard Vernon of Haddon, Derbyshire.<ref name=Page/> Both Haddon and Pitchcott remained in the Vernon family until Sir George Vernon died in 1566, leaving them to his daughter, Margaret Stanley.<ref name=Page/> In 1588 her son Edward mortgaged Pitchcott to Richard Saunders (d. 1601), whose family were the lords of several other manors in Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire, including the manor of Puttenham.<ref>A History of the County of Hertford: Volume 2. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1908.</ref> The Saunders had established themselves in Buckinghamshire during the previous two centuries and Richard had married Elizabeth Blount,<ref>the visitation of the county of Buckingham made in 1634 by John Philipot, esq</ref> whose family were descendants of Sir Walter Blount (d. 1403). In the 17th century, Pitchcott manor passed to Richard Saunders' eldest son, John Saunders, who had married Anne Hawtrey, the daughter of William Hawtrey (d. 1597) of Chequers. John's daughter Elizabeth had married Sir Walter Pye, and Sir Walter and Lady Elizabeth Pye conveyed Pitchcott manor to her uncles Sir Thomas and Francis Saunders. The manor was held in moieties by the two branches of the Saunders family. Francis Saunders was imprisoned briefly for debt and Sir Thomas Saunders (1593–1653) had to come to his aid.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> As part of the repayment, much of the lands and rights to the manor of Pitchcott were conveyed by Francis Saunders to Sir Thomas Saunders. Several members of the Saunders family served as High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire.
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The branch of the Saunders family that descended from Sir Thomas Saunders (1593–1653) benefited from the majority of the income from the estate. Sir Thomas Saunders was listed as the Lord of the Manor of Pitchcott by Richard Grenville on his list of Buckinghamshire Gentry in 1640.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Thomas Saunders (d. 1690) was the heir of Sir Thomas Saunders. Thomas had married Elizabeth Proby, a daughter of Sir Heneage Proby and the sister of Sir Thomas Proby, 1st Baronet of Elton. His son, Sir Thomas Saunders (1665–1741) inherited the manor, although he resided at the other estate he possessed called Newland Park in Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Both Pitchcott and Newland Park were held by several more generations of the descendants of Sir Thomas Saunders until a cousin, Gov. Thomas Saunders (1713–1775) of Brill House, purchased their moiety.<ref name=Page/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> This Thomas Saunders had been President of Madras for the British East India Company and had built a substantial fortune during his tenure there. Thomas had married Christian Pitt, the niece of William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Thomas and Christian Saunders' son, Thomas, inherited the manor. Thomas had been an officer in the army but retired early and moved to Vienna. The running of the estate at Pitchcott was left to a manager, a Mr. Chaplin.<ref>Saunders Family Papers, National Archives</ref> Thomas died childless and the manor passed to his cousin, Thomas Saunders, who died in 1831. Pitchcott was divided between his two surviving sisters and two nieces.<ref name=Page/> In 1852 their representatives sold Pitchcott to Mayer Amschel de Rothschild, but in 1853 he exchanged it with Christ Church, Oxford for property at Mentmore. Christ Church still held Pitchcott in the 1920s.<ref name=Page/> The eldest male line of the Saunders family emigrated to Guelph in what was then Upper Canada in the mid-19th century.<ref>Saunders, Guy L. Why Did They Emigrate? From Britain to Canada- A Study in Motivation. York Pioneer, Spring 1977.</ref>
Pitchcott held a manorial court in the 15th and 16th centuries.<ref name=Page/>
Parish church
The 12th-century Church of England parish church of Saint Giles has been deconsecrated and converted to a private house, but the churchyard remains in use. Pitchcott is now part of the ecclesiastical parish of Oving with Pitchcott, for which the parish church is All Saints' in Oving, Template:Convert north-east of Pitchcott.
The oldest part of St Giles' is the nave, which is probably 12th-century.Template:Sfn The chancel was built in the first half of the 13th century, and its south wall retains its two original lancet windows.<ref name=Page/> The more easterly of the two windows has a low sill forming a sedile.<ref name=Page/> In the east jambTemplate:Sfn of the westerly window was a 13th-century stone book-rest.<ref name=Page/> The priest's door on its south side of the chancel was inserted in about 1340.<ref name=Page/>
In the nave the present north doorway and the two south windows were inserted in the 15th century.<ref name=Page/> The north doorway is now blocked.<ref name=Page/> The west tower was added in the 15th century, and its upper stage was added or rebuilt in the 16th century.<ref name=Page/> A datestone states that the south porch was built or rebuilt in 1662.<ref name=Page/> The church was over-restoredTemplate:Sfn in 1864.<ref name=Page/> The work included inserting two north windows in the nave to match the 15th-century south ones, and building a new chancel arch.<ref name=Page/> The chancel east window has 19th-century stained glass.
St Giles' has three bells in the tower and a sanctus bell.<ref name=Page/> The second bell is inscribed "Sent Luke Apostel, 1590" and may have been cast by Robert III Newcombe and Bartholomew Atton of Buckingham.<ref name=Page/> The other two bells were cast by the Chandler family of bell-founders of Drayton Parslow: the treble in 1686 by an unknown member of the family and the tenor by George Chandler in 1717.<ref name=Page/> St Giles' had two silver communion services: a paten and small chalice dating from 1569,Template:Sfn and an 1871 chalice with an 1884 paten.<ref name=Page/>
The ecclesiastical parish of St Giles was united with that of All Saints', Oving in 1902.<ref name=Page/> By the end of 1967 St Giles' had been deconsecrated and its fittings sold and dispersed.<ref name=EH-Church>Template:NHLE</ref> The stone book-rest in the chancel was removed to All Saints', Oving. St Giles' was then converted into a private house. It is a Grade II* listed building.<ref name=EH-Church/>
John Womborn was parson of 'Pitchcote' in 1401.<ref>National Archives; Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; CP40/561, in 1401; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT2/H4/CP40no561/bCP40no561dorses/IMG_1210.htm ; county margin 'Buk'</ref>
Economic history
A datestone records that Manor Farmhouse was built in 1657.<ref name=EH-Manor>Template:NHLE</ref> The house was altered in the 18th century and, subsequently, now has an irregular L-shaped plan.<ref name=EH-Manor/> Lower Farmhouse is a symmetrical building dating from about 1830.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref>