Rajah Sulayman

Template:Short description Template:Other people Template:Infobox royalty Sulayman, sometimes referred to as Sulayman III (Template:Langx, Abecedario: Solimán) (d. 1590s),<ref name="melayu"/> was the Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Maynila in the late 16th century and was a nephew of Raja Ache of Luzon. He was the commander of the Tagalog forces in the battle of Manila of 1570 against Spanish forces.

His palace was within the walled and fortified city of Manila.<ref name="JoaquinManila">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Scott1994">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Dery2001">Template:Cite book</ref> Sulayman—along with his uncle, King Ache, and Lakandula, who ruled the adjacent bayan of Tondo—was one of the three rulers who dealt with the Spanish in the battle of Manila of 1570. The Spanish described him as the most aggressive one due to his youth relative to the other two rulers.<ref name="Scott1994"/><ref name="Dery2001"/> Sulayman's adoptive son, baptized Agustin de Legaspi upon conversion to Christianity, was proclaimed the sovereign ruler of Tondo upon the death of Lakandula. He, along with most of Lakandula's sons and most of Sulayman's other adoptive sons, was executed by the Spanish after being implicated in an assembly to overturn Spanish rule in Manila. This execution helped the Spanish East Indies fortify its rule on parts of Luzon.<ref name="Dery2001"/>

Names

Spanish documents note that Sulayman's subjects called him Raja Mura or Raja Muda, "Young Raja", a reference to the fact that he was Raja Matanda's nephew and heir apparent. The Spaniards also called him "Raja Solimano el Mow" <ref name="melayu">Template:Cite web</ref> so his name is also often spelled as Solimán due to Spanish influence.

Ancestry

According to the genealogy proposed by Mariano A. Henson<ref name="Henson1955">Template:Cite book</ref> in 1955, and asserted by Majul in 1973,<ref name="Majul1973">Template:Cite book</ref> Sulayman was the 14th<ref name="Henson1955"/> Raja of Manila since it was founded as a Muslim<ref name="Henson1955"/> principality in 1258<ref name="Henson1955"/> by Rajah Ahmad when he defeated the Majapahit suzerain, Raja Avirjirkaya.<ref name="Henson1955"/>

Spanish conquest of Manila (1570–1571)

Template:See also Template:More citations needed section Rajah Sulayman was the ruler of Maynila along with Rajah Matanda when the invasion of Legazpi occurred. Manila was already influenced by neighboring Southeast Asian kingdoms. The area was already an entrepot of trade from China, Siam and other places.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi, searching for a suitable place to establish his capital after moving from Cebu to Panay due to Portuguese claim of the archipelago, sent Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo on an expedition northward to Luzon upon hearing of a prosperous kingdom there.<ref name="filipiniana">Filipiniana: Act of Taking Possession of Luzon by Martin de Goiti Template:Webarchive; accessed September 6, 2008.</ref>

Goiti anchored at Cavite and established his authority by sending a "message of friendship" to the states surrounding the Pasig River. Sulayman, who had been given authority over these settlements by the ageing Rajah Matanda, was willing to accept the "friendship" from the Spaniards. However, he refused to cede his sovereignty, and had no choice but to waged war against the new arrivals' demands. As a result, Goíti and his army invaded the kingdoms in June 1570, sacking and burning the great city before returning to Panay.<ref name="filipiniana"/>

Tarik Sulayman and the Battle of Bangkusay (1571)

Some controversy exists about the identity of the leader of the Macabebe people that initiated the Battle of Bangkusay in 1571. That chieftain is referred to by Filipino historians as Tarik Sulayman.<ref name="sunstar">Template:Cite news</ref> In some versions of the Battle of Bangkusay, Tarik Sulayman of Macabebe and Sulayman III of Manila are the same person,<ref name="lonelyplanet">History of Manila; accessed September 8, 2008.</ref><ref>Rajah Sulayman – Manila, Philippines, waymarking.com; accessed August 10, 2015.</ref> while other contend that they are separate individuals.<ref name="pugay">Template:Cite web</ref>

Spanish documents do not name the leader of the Macabebe Revolt, but record that he died at Bangkusay, resulting in a Macabebe retreat and Spanish victory.<ref name="pugay"/><ref name="agustin">Template:Cite book</ref> Sulayman III, on the other hand, is clearly recorded as participating in the Revolt of 1574, and thus cannot be the unnamed figure who died in 1571 at Bangkusay.Template:Citation needed

The "Sulayman Revolt" (1574)

When López de Legazpi died in 1572, his successor, Governor-General Guido de Lavezaris, did not honour their agreements with Sulayman and Lakandula. He sequestered the properties of both kings and tolerated Spanish atrocities.<ref name="Dery2001"/><ref name="B&Rv7">Robertson, James Alexander, and Emma Helen Blair. The Philippine Islands 1493–1989. Vol. 7.</ref>

In response, Sulayman and Lakandula led a revolt in the villages of Navotas in 1574, taking advantage of the confusion brought about by the attacks of Chinese pirate Limahong. This is often referred to as the "Manila Revolt of 1574" but is sometimes referred to as the "Sulayman Revolt" and the "Lakandula Revolt." Since it involved naval forces, the Sulayman Revolt is also known as the "First Battle of Manila Bay".<ref name="Dery2001"/><ref name="B&Rv7"/>

Friar Gerónimo Marín and Juan de Salcedo were tasked with pursuing conciliatory talks with the kingdoms. Lakandula and Sulayman agreed to Salcedo's peace treaty and an alliance was formed between the two groups.<ref name="Dery2001"/><ref name="B&Rv7"/>

Life after 1574

Some accounts from the American Occupation claim that Sulayman was killed during the revolt of 1574, but this once again seems to be the result of Sulayman being confused with Tarik Sulayman of Macabebe, who had died in the previous revolt in 1571. A review of genealogical documents in the National Archives notes that Sulayman lived past the 1574 revolt, in which his son, Rahang Bago, was killed, and lived long enough to adopt the children of an unnamed sibling to be his descendants.<ref name="Santiago1990"/>

Sulayman is no longer mentioned in the accounts of events that took place from 1586 to 1588, which involved many members of his family.<ref name="Scott1994"/>

Descendants

According to Luciano P.R. Santiago's genealogical research, Sulayman married his cousin, a princess from Borneo, and they had at least two biological children: a son referred to as "Rahang Bago" ("new prince"; written as "Raxa el Vago" in the Spanish texts), and a daughter who would be baptized Doña María Laran.<ref name="Santiago1990">Template:Cite journal</ref> A legend cited by the government of Pasay in the 1950s also says Sulayman had two children: a son named Suwaboy, and a daughter, Dayang-dayang (Princess) Pasay, who would inherit from her father the lands south of Manila now known as Pasay and Parañaque.<ref name="Dery2001"/> However, Rahang Bago and his cousin Lumantalan were killed by the Spanish in November 1574, in the confusion that ensued during the attack of the Chinese corsair, Limahong.<ref name="Santiago1990"/>

According to Santiago's research, Doña María Laran had two daughters: Doña Inés Dahitim, the elder, who married Don Miguel Banal of Quiapo; and Doña María Guinyamat, who married a Don Agustín Turingan. Luciano P.R. Santiago theorizes that Don Miguel Banal was the son of the Don Juan Banal implicated in the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587. Santiago furthers that Don Miguel Banal and Doña Inés Dahitim are said to have begotten the second Filipino to join the Augustinian Order, Fray Marcelo Banal de San Agustín.<ref name="Santiago1990"/>

The oral legend cited by the local government of Pasay says that Dayang-dayang Pasay married a local prince named Maytubig and settled in the place called Balite. The legend says that they had a daughter named Dominga Custodio, who grew up to donate all her lands to the Augustinians just before her death.<ref name="Dery2001"/>

Santiago, however, claims that aside from his biological children, Sulayman had descendants by adoption. Santiago's genealogical research suggests that Sulayman had at least one male sibling, unnamed in the records, and who had died prior to the death of Rahang Bago in 1574. Sulayman chose to adopt the sons of this sibling, who were identified in records as Agustin de Legaspi, Don Gabriel Taumbasan, and Don Jerónimo Bassi.<ref name="Santiago1990"/> All three adopted children of Sulayman participated in the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587, and only Taumbasan was not executed, having instead been exiled in Mexico for four years.

Others

According to Meranau history, he is part of this list of rulers:

• Rajah Sulayman
• Rajah Indarafatra
• Rajah Umaka'an

Legacy

In Rizal Park in Manila is a statue of Rajah Sulayman as a hero against Spanish invasion. Rajah Soliman Science and Technology High School in Binondo, Manila – one of two science high schools – is named after him.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• Agustin de Legazpi
• Maginoo
• Rajah
• Sultan
• Datu
• Lakan
• Philippine revolts against Spain
• Lacandola Documents

References

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book

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