Reuben Fenton

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Reuben Eaton Fenton (July 4, 1819Template:Spaced ndashAugust 25, 1885) was an American merchant and politician from New York. In the mid-19th century, he served as a U.S. Representative, a U.S. Senator, and as Governor of New York.

Early life

File:Reuben Fenton (portrait by Asa Twitchell).png

Gubernatorial portrait of New York Governor Reuben E. Fenton.

Fenton was born near Frewsburg, in Chautauqua County, New York, on July 4, 1819.<ref name="nysl">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was the son of a farmer, and schoolteacher, George Washington Fenton (1783–1860) and Elsey (née Owen) Fenton (1790–1875).<ref name="Maltby1918">Template:Cite book</ref> He had four siblings: Roswell Owen Fenton, George Washington Fenton Jr., William H.H. Fenton, and John Freeman Fenton.<ref name="Schenck1887">Template:Cite book</ref>

His paternal grandparents were Roswell Fenton and Deborah (née Freeman) Fenton and his maternal grandfather was John Owen of Carroll, New York.<ref name="Schenck1887"/> His paternal aunt, Hannah Fenton was the wife of Lambert Van Buren of Kinderhook, New York.<ref name="Peckham1913">Template:Cite book</ref>

He was educated in the district school, Cary's Academy near Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Fredonia Academy.<ref name="Downs1921"/>

Career

In 1840, he was named commander of the New York Militia's 162nd Infantry Regiment with the rank of colonel. He became a lumber merchant, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841.<ref name="RF finding aid">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fenton entered politics as a Democrat. He was Town Supervisor of Carroll from 1843 to 1850.<ref name="REFbioguide"/>

U.S. House of Representatives

He was elected as a Democrat to the 33rd United States Congress, and served from March 4, 1853, to March 3, 1855. In his first term in Congress, Fenton strongly opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 and unsuccessfully tried to persuade President Franklin Pierce and U.S. Secretary of State William L. Marcy to oppose the bill. He was defeated for re-election that year. He left the Democratic Party to help organize the Republican Party,<ref name="RF finding aid" /> and was later elected, as a Republican, to the 35th, 36th, 37th and 38th United States Congresses, and served from 1857 to 1865. During the 36th Congress, he served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions and in the 37th Congress, he served on the Committee on Claims.<ref name="REFbioguide">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He served a total of five terms as congressman.

Governor of New York

He was the Governor of New York from 1865 to 1868, elected in 1864 and 1866. "During his tenure, Cornell University was founded; a free public school system was initiated; and relief measures were sanctioned that benefited veterans."<ref name="nga">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After serving two terms as governor, Fenton lost the November 1868 election to John T. Hoffman, a Tammany-backed Democrat. In 1868, he was among the candidates to be Vice President but the nomination went eventually to Schuyler Colfax,<ref name="Hollister1886">Template:Cite book</ref> whom Fenton had previously been allied with in discussing "growing public agitation about" General George B. McClellan's inactivity with President Abraham Lincoln during the U.S. Civil War.<ref name="Lehrman2018">Template:Cite book</ref>

U.S. Senator

File:Schurz Conspirators.jpg

Fenton (center) is among the conspiratorial Liberal Republicans in this Harper's Weekly cartoon of March 16, 1872.

In January 1869, he was elected a U.S. Senator from New York, succeeding Edwin D. Morgan and serving from 1869 to 1875 when Francis Kernan replaced him. While in the Senate, he served as Chair of the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses during the 42nd Congress while also serving on the Committee on Manufactures and the Committee on Territories.<ref name="REFbioguide"/>

In July 1870, President Grant appointed Thomas Murphy to be the New York Customs House Collector, a position rich with patronage. Fenton opposed the nomination, but was unsuccessful when Sen. Roscoe Conkling gave a speech in which he produced proof that Fenton had stolen $12,000 as a young man rather than deliver it as a currier. Fenton had claimed he was robbed. Fenton, upon seeing the documents that had been produced by Conkling, slumped over his desk in defeat according to author Ron Chernow. The actions of Conkling secured his place as the leader of the Republican machine in New York and greatly reduced the clout of Fenton.

In 1872, he was among the Republicans opposed to President Ulysses S. Grant who joined the short-lived Liberal Republican Party.<ref name="Dunkelman2015">Template:Cite book</ref>

Later life

In 1878, Fenton represented the United States at the International Monetary Conference in Paris. He was known as "The Soldiers' Friend" for his efforts to help returning Civil War veterans. He worked to remove tuition charges for public education, helped to establish six schools for training teachers, and signed the charter for Cornell University.<ref>Google Books Life Sketches of State Officers, Senators, and Members of Assembly in the State of New York in 1867 by S. R. Harlow and H. H. Boone (Weed, Parsons & Co., Albany NY, 1867)</ref>

Personal life

File:Gov. Reuben Fenton Mansion Nov 10.JPG

Fenton's home in Jamestown.

In 1840, Fenton was married to Jane W. Frew (1821–1842), the daughter of John and Isabelle (Armstrong) Frew. They had one daughter, Jane Frew Fenton. After his first wife's death in 1842 Jane went to live with her maternal grandparents. Reuben got remarried on June 12, 1844, to Elizabeth Scudder (1824–1901). Together, they were the parents of:<ref name="Downs1921"/>

• Josephine Fenton (1845–1928), who married Frank Edward Gifford (1845–1934).<ref name="Downs1921"/>
• Jeannette Fenton (1849–1924), who married Albert Gilbert (1851–1912).<ref name="Downs1921"/>
• Reuben Earle Fenton (1865–1895), who married Lillian Mai Hayden, daughter of Charles H. Hayden in 1890.<ref name="Downs1921">Template:Cite book</ref>

Death and burial

Fenton died on August 25, 1885, in Jamestown,<ref name="1885Obit">Template:Cite news</ref> and was buried in Lake View Cemetery.<ref name="1885Burial">Template:Cite news</ref>

Legacy

The town of Fenton in Broome County, New York, is named After Reuben Fenton.

Fenton's family home was an Italian Villa style house built in 1863. He and his family lived there until Fenton's wife died. After her death the house was abandoned before it became city property in 1919. It has been home to the Fenton History Center since 1964 and is now used as a museum dedicated to the local history of Chautauqua county.<ref name="nrhpinv_ny">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}See also: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.<ref name="nris">Template:NRISref</ref>

After his death, a building at The State University of New York at Fredonia, Fenton Hall, was named in his honor because he had attended the previous incarnation of the school, Fredonia Academy.<ref name="Lindquist">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Fenton Avenue in The Bronx, New York, is named for him.<ref name="Lindquist"/>

See also

• List of American politicians who switched parties in office

External links

• Template:Biographical Directory of Congress
• Template:Find a Grave
• Reuben Eaton Fenton Papers, 1854–1887 at the New York State Library
• Mr. Lincoln and New York: Reuben E. Fenton Template:Webarchive