Robert Ballagh

Template:Short description Template:Use Hiberno-English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox artist Robert Ballagh (Template:IPAc-en; born 22 September 1943) is an Irish artist, painter and designer. Born in suburban Dublin,<ref name="rhaexhibbio"/><ref name="it-interview">Template:Cite news</ref> Ballagh's initial painting style was strongly influenced by pop art. He is also known for his hyperrealistic renderings of Irish literary, historical and establishment figures,<ref name="whytesbio">Template:Cite web</ref> or designing more than 70 Irish postage stamps and a series of banknotes, and for work on theatrical sets, including for works by Samuel Beckett and Oscar Wilde, and for Riverdance in multiple locations. Ballagh's work has been exhibited at many solo and group shows since 1967, in Dublin, Cork, Brussels, Moscow, Sofia, Florence, Lund and others, as well as touring in Ireland and the US. His work is held in a range of museum and gallery collections. He was chosen to represent Ireland at the 1969 Biennale de Paris.

A lifelong resident of Dublin, he was made a member of Ireland's academy of artists, Aosdána He became the founding chairperson of the Irish Visual Artists Rights Organisation. He has received a number of awards, including an honorary doctorate from UCD. He has published a book of photography of Dublin, and a volume of memoirs.

Early life and education

Born 22 September 1943,<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Ballagh grew on Elgin Road in Ballsbridge, the only child of a Catholic mother, Nancy (maiden name Bennett), and a Presbyterian father, Bobbie (also Robert), who converted to Catholicism.<ref name=times180912/> Both parents had played sport for Ireland, his mother hockey, his father tennis and cricket.<ref name="it-interview"/><ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp His father was the manager of the shirt department of a drapery shop on South William Street; his mother, who came from a comfortable middle-class background, stopped working when she married. Robert attended a private primary school, Miss Meredith's School for Young Ladies on Pembroke Road,<ref name="CitArtist">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp and then the fee-paying St Michael's College<ref name="SchDays">Template:Cite news</ref> and Blackrock College.<ref name="it-interview"/> He became an atheist during his secondary education.<ref name="SchDays"/> His parents were members of the Royal Dublin Society, one of Ireland's most active learned societies, and he spent time in its library and looking at its collection of art books, while also collecting American comics and frequenting the local cinema, not just to watch films but also observing for hours the sign painter at work.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He began to work on art seriously in 1959, and some of his early works, including a self-portrait, were later exhibited as part of a retrospective show at the Gorry Gallery.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp

After passing his Leaving Certificate, Ballagh attended Bolton Street College of Technology for three years, studying architecture, including with Robin Walker, who had worked with Le Corbusier; he concluded that this was not the career for him, and that it conflicted with his musical career ambitions, while his tutors found him excessively interested in designs beyond his briefs.<ref name="LivIrArtists">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp

Career

Before turning to art as a profession, Ballagh was a professional musician for about three years, initially with the showband Concord, then, on a full-time basis, as bass guitarist with The Chessmen, managed by Noel Pearson.<ref name="it-interview"/><ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Having toured Ireland and England extensively with the latter band, reaching a weekly income of 100 pounds, he concluded that a career in music, especially with a lot of time on the road, was not for him, sold his guitar, to rising musician Phil Lynott<ref name="PopArt_UniTs">Template:Cite news</ref> and did not play music again.<ref name="IIndo_010927"/>

Painting and other plastic arts

Ballagh worked in both Dublin and for a few months, London, as a draughtsman, a postman and a designer. Having decided to return to Ireland, he started on a dedicated artistic career after he met an artist friend, Micheal Farrell,Template:Efn freshly returned from the New York art scene, in a pub, and Farrell recruited him for 5 pounds a week to assist with a large mural commission. The piece, for the National Bank branch on Suffolk Street (part of Bank of Ireland),<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp was painted at Ardmore Studios due to its massive scale.<ref name="PopArt_UniTs"/> Two early pieces of three-dimensional art, an erotic torso and a pinball machine, were selected to appear at the Irish Exhibition of Living Art in 1967, and Ballagh has appeared in a range of group exhibitions since. Around the same time, Ireland's Arts Council purchased an acrylic of a razor blade on canvas, inspired by a theory of critic Clement Greenberg.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Largely self-taught, his early work took inspiration from the pop art movement, and he worked on two early series of paintings, the Package series and Map series, the latter using a mix of acrylic and day-glo paints in inkblots.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp He next turned to political themes, notably connected to Northern Ireland<ref name="PopArt_UniTs"/> but also with elements inspired by the Civil Rights movement in the US and the reaction to the Vietnam War.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp He started to combine elements of social realism with US advertising forms after reading Che Guevara's essay Man and Socialism in Cuba.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He also produced three early works which have remained critically recognised ever since, inspired by Liberty at the Barricades (Delacroix), Third of May (Goya) and Rape of the Sabines (David).<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp In 1972, he commemorated the victims of Bloody Sunday in Derry with an installation at the Irish Exhibition of Living Art at the Project Arts Centre in Dublin; it consisted of thirteen rough figures in sand on the floor, sprinkled with (animal) blood, recorded as a series of photoprints.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp

He was selected to represent Ireland at the 1969 Biennale de Paris,<ref name="whytesbio"/> and his work has been shown in solo exhibitions from that year onwards.<ref name="PopArt_UniTs"/> He was commissioned by his former tutor, Robin Walker, to produce abstract designs for screens in the new restaurant building of University College Dublin.<ref name="RelMem_autobio"/>

Ballagh started to work on portraiture with Irish contemporary art collector Gordon Lambert in 1971. As he was at the time still not fully content with his skills in painting faces and hands, he merged his own canvas with a silkscreen headshot of Lambert, over which he worked with sepia ink, and he added the hands in detached three-dimensional representations, which sculptor Brian King made for him from castings of Ballagh's own hands.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Over the following years, he painted a series of people looking at contemporary paintings, which proved very popular, with some international exhibitions selling out.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Using the same concept, in his first major public commission, for the Five-Star supermarket chain's new shop in Clonmel, he painted a large-scale (Template:Circa 80 foot) mural on 18 panels. He used formica, and included himself, his wife and his daughter in the mural, entitled People and a Frank Stella.<ref>Out of cold storage – Ballagh's mural back on display after 27 years</ref> He also, drawing on scenes from The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman by locally-born Lawrence Sterne, painted a series of panels for a local restaurant. Other work included a series of six paintings and a silkscreen print linked to Flann O'Brien's The Third Policeman.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

He later painted fellow artist Louis le Brocquy, writers J.P. Donleavy (2006), James Joyce (2011, commissioned by UCD), Sheridan Le Fanu, Oscar Wilde, Brendan Behan and Samuel Beckett, as well as poet Francis Ledwidge, singer Bernadette Greevy, politician Carmencita Hederman<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp and a rendering of Fidel Castro.<ref name="PopArt_UniTs"/> The Ledwidge, commissioned by the Inchicore Ledwidge Society, is a triptych, with the poet primarily on the central panel, but his arms crossing to the outer panels, which feature a scene from his home village of Slane and a World War I scene.<ref name="Gorry14">Template:Cite book</ref> He had earlier painted Joyce in a scene on O'Connell Street, Dublin's main street, with himself alongside.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp Some years after buying Ballagh's The History Lesson, the scientist James D Watson visited Ballagh in Dublin to discuss a portrait commission, and the Ballaghs visited the Watsons at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, with Ballagh commenting on the new insights into the world of science he gained from the visit.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Ballagh worked on a portrait of Watson over an extended period; it hangs in the Genetics Institute of Trinity College Dublin. At Watson's request, Ballagh painted Watson's colleague Francis Crick for a major institution in London, and at the unveiling was one of just two people to meet the Queen, who commented that the portrait was "interesting".<ref>Marian Finucane interview</ref> Other commissions included Dublin City University purchasing a portrait of former Minister for Education Mary O'Rourke.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp By 2010, Ballagh had painted 91 non-family portraits, featuring 82 men and 9 women.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

Works of self-portraiture and paintings of his family have also been created over time. One of these, Inside Number 3, described by Eamonn Ceannt as moving on from "the conventional architectural perspective of his previous paintings" and marking "a turning round of his own approach to painting", featured his wife as a nude figure on a spiral staircase in their home.<ref name="UCD_PresOff_RB"/> That work was preceded by No. 3, with his family portrayed conventionally outside their house, and was followed by Upstairs No. 3. This was a second intimate portrait, with a mostly nude Ballagh ascending a spiral stairway, seen from the perspective of his wife on their bed with a book of Japanese erotica; he commented that he really felt that Inside Number 3 called for a response, and that the needed male nude had to be himself.<ref name="IExam_180919">Template:Cite news</ref> Later still he painted Inside No. 3 After Modernization (with multiple types of painting included in the background), Upstairs No. 4, and others. In a very different setting, he also painted his family on an extended 1978 holiday near Malaga, in Winter in Ronda (1979).<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He also used himself and family members as models for generic characters, and, for example, painted two pictures of his daughter in homage to Marilyn Monroe, Rachel as Marilyn I and II.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp

After many years, and one painting looking out to an exterior scene in the mid-1980s, Ballagh started to paint landscape work seriously in the late 1990s, and his 2002 exhibition, Tir is Teanga / Land and Language consisted of 10 landscapes, albeit not of specific places, but typical of some Irish scenes.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp Another commission was to paint the Fastnet Lighthouse for the Commissioners of Irish Lights.<ref name="IExam_180919"/>

Ballagh has served as a judge for a number of artistic competitions, including one for murals in West Belfast.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He has also led community arts work in both Dublin and Belfast,<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp and taught art in prisons.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp One community art project in Dublin, to make a massive mural placed in front of the Custom House, was the subject of an RTE television documentary.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

Studio

For many years, Ballagh rented an attic-level studio on Parliament Street in Dublin, overlooking City Hall; this studio had previously been leased by other artists, such as Patrick Collins. After he lost the lease on that in the mid-1980s (it was repurposed as part of the development of Temple Bar and eventually hosted the Walt Disney Company's Irish office), he worked from home. Finding home working difficult with two growing children, in the early 1990s he used an inheritance to buy a house and former piggery on Arbour Hill, less than 10 minutes walk from his home. He renovated the building, and it now hosts his studio and a small flat.<ref name="Studio_TimesUK">Template:Cite news</ref> The artist has mentioned that he sometimes works slowly and in great detail; in 1982, for example, he produced just two paintings, spending about 6 months on each.<ref name="Magill83">Template:Cite news</ref> His work has sold well at auction.<ref name="Auction_Flegg">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp One painting, My Studio 1969, sold for 96,000 euro in 2004.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

Postage stamp and banknote design

File:Robert Ballagh - first stamp - 1973 - World Met Org.jpg

Irish stamp (1973), commemorating the World Meteorological Organisation

Ballagh has designed over 70 Irish postage stamps, as well as a series of Irish banknotes, "Series C", the last series before the introduction of the euro.<ref name="vacork"/><ref name="timesbio">Template:Cite news</ref> Ballagh's first postage stamp design was released on 4 September 1973. It commemorated the centenary of the World Meteorological Organization and depicted a weather map of northwestern Europe. His portrayal of Ireland did not show the border with Northern Ireland, provoking the unionist politician Ian Paisley to demand in the British House of Commons that the British government should make a formal objection, even though no other international borders were shown either.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Later design contracts included the centenaries of the Universal Postal Union and the first telephone transmission, the golden jubilee of Ireland's national electricity utility, the Electricity Supply Board, the centenaries of the births of Patrick Pearse and Éamon de Valera and commemorations of various other Irish statesmen, issues related to Scouting, Guiding and the Boys' Brigade, Irish festivals, the Irish lighthouse authority and one of Ireland's annual "love stamps".<ref name="StampsofIrl22-92">Template:Cite book</ref> One stamp design was rejected by the government, after stamps had already been printed, possibly due to interference by Taoiseach Charlie Haughey; the stamps and plates were destroyed.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp A version of the stamp was eventually released more than 15 years later.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp On another occasion, in 1994, he was commissioned to produce stamps commemorating five Irish Nobel Prize winners; four were released but the fifth was cancelled when An Post belatedly realised that the subject, physicist Ernest Walton, was still alive.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

Theatre set and other design work

Ballagh has worked on set design for both travelling shows and plays and events based in Ireland. He was approached to try this type of work by the director of Dublin's Gate Theatre, Michael Colgan. Among the theatrical sets he has designed are ones for Riverdance on international tour,<ref name="riverdance">Template:Cite web</ref> and later in Dublin too,<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp the one-man show I'll Go On (Gate Theatre (1985), based on Samuel Beckett's novels,<ref name="askart_11013693">Template:Cite web</ref> Beckett's Endgame (1991), Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest (1987) and Salomé (1998),<ref name="vacork">Template:Cite web</ref> Chekhov's Three Sisters, Hamlet,Template:Efn and Michael Harding's Misogynist.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He also did set work for the Dublin Theatre Festival.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp

For Riverdance, impresario Moya Doherty, co-creator of the show, asked Ballagh to use a hand-made approach, and he produced around 50 small images, which were then projected to form backdrops. A further complication is that while Ballagh started by designing for the London part of the Riverdance tour, he later had to rework his designs to accommodate different venues, with varying technical capabilities, such as projection only from the front, from front and back, or from different directions along with moving objects crossing them.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp

Ballagh was also designer for the opening ceremonies for two major sporting events hosted in Ireland, the 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games and the 2006 Ryder Cup.<ref name="TCD_ArtColl_RB"/> Many years later, he was commissioned to produce a tableau vivant for a promotional event at the Royal Hibernian Academy's Gallagher Gallery, a living artwork inspired by a famous painting – he chose to work with The Girl with a Pearl Earring.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

In other domains of work, he designed a masthead for the Irish Examiner,<ref name="IExam_180919"/> and a cover for a musical single.<ref name="Ballagh_ICO_sngl">Template:Cite web</ref>

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

Ballagh has had solo shows in Dublin on several occasions, as well as in Brussels, Paris, Lund in Sweden, Warsaw, Moscow and Sofia.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp His first exhibition was in 1969, at the Little Theatre in the original Brown Thomas shop on Grafton Street; it was opened by Conor Cruise O'Brien, who described him as "an exceptionally gifted, thoughtful young artist."<ref name="O'Connor_690716">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

Later shows of original work in Ireland included a 1971 case at the Cork Art Society,<ref name="CorkArtSoc71">Template:Cite news</ref> and in years including 1970,<ref name="RelMem_autobio"/> 1971, 1972 and 1983, exhibitions at the gallery of his dealer, David Hendricks, in Dublin.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp After Hendricks died and his gallery closed, Ballagh decided to work without a Dublin dealer and primary gallery, and his next exhibition of new work in Dublin only came after a 26-year gap, in 2009, with "Tir is Teanga" ("Land and Language"). This show consisted of paintings with natural materials such as stones, sand, and metals, added, and with Irish language texts.<ref name="RTE_83">Template:Cite news</ref> There was a show of some of his 1970s material at the Orchard Gallery in Derry, organised by Patrick T Murphy and Declan McGonagle.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

In 1982, Ballagh was invited to put on a "mid-term retrospective" show in Lund in southern Sweden, which proceeded in 1983.<ref name="RelMem_autobio"/> He exhibited at West Cork Arts in 1986.<ref name="LivIrArtists"/>Template:Rp

In 1989, he was invited to put on a major retrospective at the Gallery of the Central House of Artists (of the Soviet Union) in Moscow (later the New Tretyakov Gallery),<ref name="SU_NYT_890610">Template:Cite news</ref> only the second Irish person and third Westerner to be so invited, after Francis Bacon and Robert Rauschenberg.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He afterwards gifted samples of his work to the USSR's ambassador to Ireland and to Mikhail Gorbachev.<ref name="IIndo_010927">Template:Cite news</ref>

Ballagh had his first major retrospective show in Ireland, Robert Ballagh – The Complete Works, in the top-floor exhibition space at Arnotts department store on Henry Street, in February 1992,<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp launched by Hugh Leonard.<ref name="SIndo_920216">Template:Cite news</ref> The exhibition included 100 examples of his work, consisting of paintings, including portraits, designs for stamps, book illustrations and theatrical sets, limited edition books, and photography.<ref name="EH_920206">Template:Cite news</ref> The show was centred on a selection of 33 paintings from his 25-year career to date,<ref name="IT_920219_Ruane">Template:Cite news</ref> 26 commissioned illustrations and limited edition prints, books for Gallery Press and Black Cat Press, 12 photographs, 12 stamps, models and photographs from theatrical work, and three stationery designs. The exhibition catalogue included three essays on his painting, and one each on his limited edition prints, stamp design work, photo-essay book and stage design.<ref name="Arnotts92">Template:Cite book</ref>

Further retrospectives followed, the next, and most significant, being at the Gallagher Gallery of the Royal Hibernian Academy, with a gallery-within-a-gallery format,<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp – with a display of his stamps at the General Post Office in parallel. The retrospective was nearly cancelled due to lack of funding for the elaborate gallery setup but rescued by sponsorship by Dermot Desmond.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp There was also a show at the Gorry Gallery (Works from the Studio, 1959-2006).<ref name="GorryShow">Template:Cite book</ref>

An exhibition of seven portraits of political and cultural people of note, and seven self-portraits, Seven, was held at Cork's Crawford Art Gallery in 2013,<ref name="Craw7">Template:Cite web</ref> and a selection of works related to the 1916 Easter Rising were exhibited at the Kevin Kavanagh Gallery in 2016.<ref name="KevKav_Who">Template:Cite web</ref>

Major group exhibitions

Having had works displayed at the Irish Exhibition of Living Art (IELA) in 1967, Ballagh was invited to show at the 1968 edition. He was also invited to the 1969 IELA, which had to move from the College of Art on Merrion Square to venues in Cork and Belfast. Having submitted a painting for consideration in 1969, after discussion with other artists' wives, his wife was also invited. After an outbreak of violence in Northern Ireland, 9 artists, including the Ballaghs, refused to allow their works to be sent there; they were instead displayed in an alternative exhibition, Art and Conscience, at 43 Kildare Street (and in the end, the exhibition never did go to Belfast). Sometime after, he exhibited three works commenting on the Northern Irish situation at Celtic Triangle, a joint exhibition of the Arts Councils of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.<ref name="RelMem_autobio">Template:Cite book</ref>

Having featured at the Irish Exhibition of Living Art, and been inspired by earlier editions of the exhibition, Ballagh was invited to show at Rosc in 1980. He was also invited, in 1987, to participate in a peace forum and associated major exhibition in the Soviet Union, at the Cosmos Hotel in northeastern Moscow, a rare invitation for an Irish artist. At the event he breakfasted with Gregory Peck, lunched with Yoko Ono and chaired a panel consisting of Norman Mailer, Gore Vidal and Graham Greene.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

Ballagh has been included in exhibitions in Florence and Tokyo, and has also had work on tour in the US in the period 1985–1987, as part of the "Divisions, Crossroads, Turns of Mind: Some New Irish Art" exhibition.<ref name="LippardTourCat">Template:Cite book</ref> One of his works also featured in 30 years, artists, places, a travelling exhibition of work acquired by Irish local authorities.<ref name="30YrsAP">Template:Cite book</ref>

Recognition and leadership roles

Ballagh received the Carroll Prize at IELA 1969,<ref name="LivIrArtists"/>Template:Rp and the Alice Berger Hammerschlag Award, an all-island award for practitioners of the "plastic arts", at the Arts Council of Northern Ireland in 1971.<ref name="ABHawd_plasarts">Template:Cite news</ref>

He was a founding member of Ireland's national academy or "affiliation" of artists, Aosdána, in 1981, and its first chairperson (the leader of its presiding body, the Toscaireacht).<ref name="aosdanabio">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="TCD_ArtColl_RB">Template:Cite book</ref> He ceased active participation in the body in the early 1990s, after what he felt was undue pressure to declare his personal views in a debate about censorship.;<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp he eventually resigned membership, one of only four artists to do so in the more than 40 years of the academy's existence. He was also made a fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science, one of only two Irish fellows.<ref name="TCD_ArtColl_RB"/><ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He was awarded an honorary doctorate of letters in 2013 by University College Dublin.<ref name="UCD_PresOff_RB">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2016, he received a Lord Mayor's Award in Dublin.<ref name="MayorAwd_IT">Template:Cite news</ref>

Two of his works won the Douglas Hyde Gold Medal at editions of the Oireachtas Exhibition.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Another piece, 'Northern Ireland, The 1,500th Victim (1976) was selected as one of the "Modern Ireland in 100 Artworks" series of the Royal Irish Academy.<ref name="RIA_100Works">Template:Cite web</ref>

Ballagh was the first chairperson of the Artists Association of Ireland,<ref name="SoloArte">Template:Cite web</ref> and the founding chairperson of the Irish Visual Artists Rights Organisation.<ref name="Craw7"/>

Collections

Ballagh's paintings are held in several public collections of Irish painting including those of the National Gallery of Ireland, the Hugh Lane Gallery in Dublin, the Ulster Museum, the Irish Museum of Modern Art, the Crawford Art Gallery in Cork, along with the collections of Trinity College Dublin, the Musée des beaux-arts de La Chaux-de-Fonds and Nuremberg's Albrecht Dürer House.<ref name="askart_11013693"/> Reproductions of three of his works are among the most-borrowed items in the Trinity College Dublin collection.<ref name="TCD_ArtColl_RB"/>

Approach and critical commentary

Ballagh has said of his work: "You hope that your paintings will transcend their time but they must be of their time as well" and of a potential inspiration: "...Template:Nbspthe master of the 20th century, Picasso. He did so many different things, had so many styles and approaches. That seems to me the way, the model."<ref name="GorryShow"/>

Some commentators have made observations about what might motivate Ballagh, with Declan Kiberd saying: "Robert Ballagh is the major current example of the Irish artist as activist. He has espoused the causes of socialism, republicanism, workers' rights and nuclear disarmamentTemplate:Nbsp... Yet his own painting is free of all propaganda."<ref name="LivIrArtists" />Template:Rp and Brian O'Doherty: "his is not so much political art as art made by an intensely political person."<ref name="LivIrArtists" />Template:Rp Roderic Knowles noted his move from "abstraction to figuration" and "his social commitment, which shows itself in his humour and wit, parody and pastiche and social comment, and his quite shameless literary and artistic allusions", while Cyril Barrett referenced his changing approach, with "the figure first as a silhouette or 'cut-out', then as a painted figure (as in his pastiches of Goya, Delacroix, Poussin or Ingres)".<ref name="Knowles_Dir">Template:Cite book</ref>

The former director of the Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA) once characterised Ballagh as more of an illustrator than an artist; nonetheless, IMMA holds a range of his works. Dorothy Walker's Modern Art in Ireland made almost no mention of Ballagh and his body of work.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

Political and cultural interests

Artists' representation and rights

Ballagh has long campaigned for artists' rights, notably in regard to resale, and for better funding for the arts. He pursued the question of resale rights, assured by EU law but late to be implemented in Ireland, threatening, and later pursuing, legal action; the right was eventually established.<ref name="Resale_IExam">Template:Cite news</ref> He has pursued this aim individually and in his roles in the Artists Association of Ireland,<ref name="SoloArte"/> and the Irish Visual Artists Rights Organisation (IVARO).<ref name="Craw7"/> He also worked with the UNESCO-associated body of artists, the International Association of Art, to the executive committee of which he was elected, and on which he served as treasurer for three years; this work involved considerable travel and his work on the representational bodies made him so busy in 1987 that he painted nothing at all.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Ballagh has commented that Ireland's funding of the arts is poor by EU and OECD standards.<ref name="Clon_ivw">Template:Cite AV media</ref>

Politics and republicanism

In an interview with The Irish Times, Ballagh ascribes his "political awakening" to hearing news of civil rights protestors in Derry, Northern Ireland, being attacked by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) in 1968.<ref name=times180912/> In 1988 he contributed to the West Belfast Féile an Phobail arts festival. In 1989 he was a founder member of the Irish National Congress and chaired it for 10 years.<ref name="SStar_Cooper">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="TrArchv">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1991, he co-ordinated the 75th-anniversary commemoration of the 1916 Easter Rising, during which he claimed he had been harassed by the Special Branch of the Garda Síochána.<ref name="irlinst">Template:Cite web</ref> He has commented that the Easter Rising was "led by poets, actors, writers, musicians, social reformers, Irish language activists – a truly remarkable gathering of peopleTemplate:Nbsp..."<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp

He is the president of the Ireland Institute for Historical and Cultural Studies,<ref name="rhaexhibbio">Template:Cite web</ref> which promotes studies of republicanism in an international context. It is based at the Pearse Centre at 27 Pearse Street, Dublin, once home to Pádraig Pearse.<ref name="DCivTrst_27PrseSt">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="PrseHse_AnPhob">Template:Cite news</ref>

Ballagh was on the committee of a major group campaigning for a "No" vote in Ireland's referendum on the Lisbon Treaty.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp

2011 presidential run rumours

In July 2011 it was reported that he might consider running for the 2011 Irish Presidential election with the backing of Sinn Féin and the United Left Alliance.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A Sinn Féin source stated there had been "very informal discussions" and that Ballagh's nomination was "a possibility" but "very loose at this stage".<ref name="ballaghindo">Template:Cite news</ref> On 25 July, Ballagh ruled out running in the election, saying that he had never considered being a candidate; his discussions with the parties had been about the election "in general" and he had no ambitions to run for political office.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Palestine

Also in July 2011, Ballagh broke ranks with his colleagues involved with the travelling production of Riverdance over their decision to perform in Israel. He is an active member of the Ireland Palestine Solidarity Campaign, which has asked that artists and academics participate in boycotts of Israeli businesses and cultural institutions.<ref>Riverdance sets off on Israel tour, Jewish Chronicle, 13 September 2011</ref>

Closure of Irish galleries and museums

In July 2012, Ballagh said he was "ashamed and profoundly depressed" at the en masse closure of Irish galleries and museums. He cited an example of some Americans and Canadians on holiday in Ireland. "They described most of the National Gallery as being closed along with several rooms in the Hugh Lane Gallery. I'm glad they didn't bother going out to the Museum of Modern Art in Kilmainham because that's closed too. At the point I met them, they were returning from Galway where they had found the Nora Barnacle Museum closed too." Ballagh condemned the hypocrisy of political leaders, saying: "I know arts funding is not a big issue for people struggling to put food on the table but we are talking about the soul of the nation."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Publications and appearances

Ballagh published a book of Dublin photography, taken over a year on a Rolleiflex camera, accompanied by quotations from James Joyce, in the 1980s. The book focused on less-well-known or disappearing sights of the city.<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp<ref name="DubWardRvr">Template:Cite book</ref> A Robert Ballagh Monograph was published in a limited edition in 2010, with a set of giclee prints.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He published an academic paper, "Who fears to speak of the Republic?" in the journal Études irlandaises.<ref name="Etudes_rep_16">Template:Cite journal</ref> He released an autobiographical volume, A Reluctant Memoir, in 2018; it is not written as a chronological summary of his life but consists of a range of short pieces around major events.<ref name=times180912/><ref name="IT_mem_inc_stamps">Template:Cite news</ref>

Documentaries were produced about Ballagh, by the BBC (directed by Paul Muldoon), and in Irish, by Igloo Films, in 2001 (directed by Anthony Byrne).<ref name="RHA_RetroExh06">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp In 2019, he appeared as a contestant on RTÉ's Celebrity Home of the Year, where his house finished in second place.<ref name="CelebHome_Indo">Template:Cite news</ref> He was the guest speaker at the 2012 Ledwidge Day commemoration at Islandbridge.<ref name="LedwDay_Isl_12">Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

File:Ballagh House (aka 3-5 Temple Cottages), Dublin 7, home of Robert Ballagh.jpg

Ballagh House (aka 3-5 Temple Cottages), Dublin 7, home of the artist

Ballagh met his future wife Betty (Elizabeth Carabini, from a Dublin family of Italian descent) in 1965, when she was 16 and he was playing a musical gig.<ref name="UCD_PresOff_RB"/> They had two children, Rachel, born 1968, who also became an artist, and Robert Bruce, born late 1974 or early 1975.<ref name="RelMem_autobio"/> During his early years as a self-employed artist, Ballagh sometimes signed on for unemployment benefits while seeking paid work;<ref name="GorryShow"/>Template:Rp even much later he remarked on the instability of artistic income, noting that he earned no money at all in the first half of 2019, for example.<ref name="IExam19_Sheridan">Template:Cite news</ref>

The couple originally purchased one artisan's dwelling,Template:Efn then a row of them which they merged into a single architect-designed dwelling, with Ballagh participating in the design. The finished building, Ballagh House, was later profiled in Architecture Ireland, the official journal of architects in Ireland,<ref name="SunTs_030817">Template:Cite news</ref> and featured on a TV show.<ref name="CelebHome_Indo"/>

Betty Ballagh fell and received a brain injury in 1986, falling into a coma and requiring an operation to remove a clot; it took her years to fully recover.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Robert's parents died within three months of each other in 1990.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp Betty died at St Joseph's Hospital, Raheny, in 2011, after a couple of months awaiting treatment for diverticulitis.<ref name="aosdanabio"/><ref name=times180912>Template:Cite news</ref> He later sued on grounds of negligence by the Health Service Executive and members of its staff, and received a settlement.<ref name=times180912/>

By the mid-2000s, he had two grandchildren.<ref name="CitArtist"/>Template:Rp He had chemotherapy treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and recovered fully; he subsequently received a diagnosis of type II diabetes.<ref name="IExam_180919"/> As of 2021, Ballagh still lived in Broadstone and kept his studio in nearby Arbour Hill.<ref name="Studio_TimesUK"/>

Notes

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