Robert Vaughn

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Robert Francis Vaughn (November 22, 1932 – November 11, 2016) was an American actor and political activist, whose career in film, television and theater spanned nearly six decades and who was best known for his role as secret agent Napoleon Solo on The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1964–68).<ref name="Guardian">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=NYtimes-obit>Template:Cite news</ref> He was a Primetime Emmy Award winner, and was nominated for the Academy Award, the BAFTA Award, two Laurel Awards, and four times for the Golden Globe Award. Vaughn also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Vaughn had his breakthrough role as disabled, drunken war veteran Chester A. Gwynn in The Young Philadelphians, earning him a 1960 Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He subsequently appeared in scores of films, notably as gunman Lee in The Magnificent Seven (1960), Walter Chalmers in Bullitt, Major Paul Krueger in The Bridge at Remagen (1969), the voice of Proteus IV in Demon Seed (1977) and Ross Webster in Superman III (1983).

To television audiences, in addition to his role as Solo, Vaughn was known for his roles as private detective Harry Rule on The Protectors (1972–74), Morgan Wendell in the miniseries Centennial (1978–79), and Albert Stroller on the BBC Television drama Hustle (2004–12). He won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of the White House Chief of Staff in the miniseries Washington: Behind Closed Doors.<ref name="Soap">Template:Cite web</ref> He also appeared in the British soap opera Coronation Street as Milton Fanshaw from January until February 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Aside from his acting career, Vaughn was active in Democratic Party politics. He was chair of the California Democratic State Central Committee speakers bureau during the 1960s, and publicly campaigned against the Vietnam War as a member of the peace group Another Mother for Peace.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> A PhD in communications, his 1970 doctoral thesis "The Influence of the House Committee on Un-American Activities on the American Theater 1938–58" is considered "the most complete and intelligent treatment of the virulent practice of blacklisting now available."<ref name="Kirkus" />

Early life

Robert Vaughn was born on November 22, 1932, to Gerald Walter and Marcella Frances (née Gaudel) Vaughn at Charity Hospital in New York City.<ref name="TVClassic">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="TV Guide"/> Vaughn's father was a radio actor and his mother was a stage actress.<ref name=Independent>Template:Cite news</ref> His parents divorced, and Vaughn lived with his grandparents Frank and Mary Gaudel in Minneapolis while his mother traveled and performed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Independent/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Discussing his childhood in a 1965 New York Sunday News interview, Vaughn said “I was a complete wreck as a child, emotionally unstable, excessively prideful”<ref name=NYTObit>Robert Vaughn, Who Starred as Napoleon Solo in ‘Man From U.N.C.L.E.,’ Dies at 83. The New York Times via Internet Archive. Retrieved May 14, 2021.</ref> and that he often felt miserable. “I cried all the time and I was always getting beat up”.<ref name="LosAngelesDailyNews">Template:Cite web</ref>

Education

Robert Francis Vaughn senior portrait photo – 1950 North High School Polaris yearbook

Vaughn attended Lowell Elementary, Jordan Junior High School and North High School in Minneapolis, graduating in 1950.<ref name="A Fortunate Life">Template:Cite book</ref> Nicknamed "Nobby", Vaughn's activity in high school included the Polaris Weekly school newspaper, the student council and various sports, including being named captain of the cross-country team.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

After high school, he enrolled in the University of Minnesota as a journalism major. However, he dropped out after a year and moved to Los Angeles with his mother.<ref name=Independent/><ref name="Express"/>

He studied theater arts at Los Angeles City College in 1956 and transferred to Los Angeles State College of Applied Arts and Sciences earning a master's degree in theater in 1960.<ref name=Independent/><ref name="USAToday">Template:Cite web</ref>

Doctoral thesis published as a book

Vaughn earned a PhD in communication from the University of Southern California in 1970. His doctoral dissertation "The Influence of the House Committee on Un-American Activities on the American Theater 1938–58" was an appraisal of the effect the committee's activities had on American theater.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="USAToday"/> Vaughn's original research included data from questionnaires and interviews he conducted with witnesses who had been labeled "uncooperative" by the House Un-American Activities Committee.<ref name="Kirkus">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1972, he published his dissertation as a book titled Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting.<ref name="Vaughn 1972">Template:Cite book</ref> Kirkus Reviews lists the book as "the most complete and intelligent treatment of the virulent practice of blacklisting now available". Still in print, the book is regularly assigned to law students.<ref name="Kirkus"/>

Military service

Vaughn was inducted into the U.S. Army Reserve on November 29, 1955, and entered active duty on December 18, 1956, at Fort Ord, California. During his first leave, he discovered his mother had been diagnosed with Berger's disease, an often fatal kidney disorder. Vaughn applied for an Honorable Hardship discharge. While waiting for a decision, Vaughn was held over at Fort Ord and served as a drill instructor. Discharged from active duty on May 26, 1957, he again served in the U.S. Army Reserve until November 1962.<ref name="FBI">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="A Fortunate Life"/>

Acting career

Early encouragement

Vaughn's mother encouraged his becoming an actor early in his life. She taught Vaughn to recite Shakespeare's “To be or not to be” soliloquy from Hamlet when he was five.

Vaughn's mother assisted him in being cast on radio shows in the Chicago area. He debuted on radio playing the part of Billy on Jack Armstrong, the All-American Boy broadcast on WBBM (AM) radio.<ref name=NYTObit/>

In 1950 Vaughn worked as a page at Minneapolis' WCCO (AM). "My job was a kind of glorified page boy position, but I was allowed to wear civvies rather than the silly uniforms often sported by studio guides and messengers in those days".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

His first film appearance was as an extra in The Ten Commandments (1956),<ref name="TV Guide">Template:Cite news</ref> playing a golden calf idolator. Vaughn is also visible during a chariot scene behind Yul Brynner.

Vaughn's first credited movie role was the Western Hell's Crossroads (1957), in which he played Bob Ford, the murderer of outlaw Jesse James. Seen by Burt Lancaster in Calder Willingham's play End as a Man, Vaughn was signed with Lancaster's film company and was to have played the Steve Dallas role in Sweet Smell of Success. Vaughn appeared as Stan Gray in the episode "The Twisted Road" of the western syndicated series Frontier Doctor. Vaughn played in at least one episode of The Rifleman. He played Dan, a West Point dropout who was appointed temporary Marshall of North Fork.

Helped by Paul Newman

Vaughn's first notable appearance was in The Young Philadelphians (1959).<ref name="Express">Template:Cite news</ref> Vaughn credited Paul Newman with helping him earn his first major film role. "The person who launched my career into A-list movies was Paul Newman. When my agent called and said Warner Bros. had a role for me in The Young Philadelphians, I mentioned it to Paul, who belonged to the same health club I did. He told me it was the perfect role for me and offered to do the screen test with me. That was unheard of. In a screen test, you run your lines with a script girl who is off camera. I had never done one before, but Paul did it with me and the result was wonderful".<ref name="Danbury">Template:Cite news</ref>

In the film, Vaughn portrayed alcoholic veteran Chet Gwynn who lost his arm in the Korean War and was falsely accused of murder. His acting in the film earned Vaughn nominations for both the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture.<ref name="Guardian"/>

The Magnificent Seven

Vaughn's next role was the gun for hire Lee in director John Sturges' 1960 film The Magnificent Seven.<ref name="BBC News">Template:Cite news</ref> The film was an adaptation of Akira Kurosawa's 1954 Japanese samurai epic Seven Samurai set in the American frontier.

Vaughn recalled the morning in January when he arrived in Sturges’ office for his audition, "...an ax was hanging over every movie project in Hollywood. Unless the casting for a picture was completed by noon on a particular Friday, production couldn’t begin". Telling Vaughn he wanted to cast him based on his performance in The Young Philadelphians, Sturges said, "We don’t have a script, just Kurosawa’s picture to work from. You’ll have to go on faith. But we’ll be filming in Cuernavaca. Never been there? You’ll love it — it’s the 'Palm Springs of Mexico' ". Vaughn told Sturges, “I'm in”. Saying, "Good decision, young man", Sturges asked, "And do you know any other good young actors? I’ve got four other slots to fill". Vaughn suggested James Coburn, a friend and former classmate. Sturges hired Coburn.

Vaughn's portrayal of hired gunslinger Lee included wearing black gloves throughout the film, signifying his reluctance to "get his hands dirty" even while continuing to kill for hire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Vaughn's acting showed Lee's internal struggle with cowardice. Having lost his nerve, he could not fight until he finally summoned the internal courage to face certain death while freeing hostages.<ref name="Real">Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> When offered the chance to run, Vaughn's Lee is told, "Go ahead, Lee, you don’t owe anything to anybody". His answer? "Except to myself".<ref name="Real"/>

Vaughn died in 2016, the last of The Magnificent Seven actors.

Bullitt

After The Man From U.N.C.L.E. series ended, Vaughn landed a major film role playing Walter Chalmers, a U.S. Senator in the film Bullitt starring Steve McQueen;<ref name="BBC News" /> he was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor for this role.

Superman III

In 1983, he starred as villainous multi-millionaire Ross Webster in Superman III.<ref name="BBC News"/>

Television career

Debut

Vaughn made his television debut on the November 21, 1955, "Black Friday" episode of the American television series Medic, the first of Vaughn's over two hundred episodic television roles through the mid-2000s.

Gunsmoke

In 1956, Vaughn made his first guest appearance on Gunsmoke in the episode entitled “Cooter.”<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The following year, he made his second guest appearance on Gunsmoke opposite Barbara Eden in a Romeo-Juliet role, in the episode "Romeo", which turned out okay for the bride and groom.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref>

The Boston Terrier

In 1962, Vaughn starred as Boston based private detective A. Dunster Lowell in The Boston Terrier episode of the NBC network's anthology series The Dick Powell Show. The episode was a pilot episode of a proposed Blake Edwards TV series. Edwards had created the popular Peter Gunn television show.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Dick Van Dyke Show

In 1963, Vaughn appeared in an episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show as Jim Darling, a successful businessman and an old flame of Laura Petrie in the episode "It's a Shame She Married Me".

The Lieutenant

During the 1963–64 season of The Lieutenant, Vaughn appeared as Captain Raymond Rambridge alongside Gary Lockwood, who played a Marine second lieutenant at Camp Pendleton. Vaughn had guest-starred on Lockwood's 1961–62 series Follow the Sun.

The Man from U.N.C.L.E.

His dissatisfaction with the somewhat diminished aspect of the Rambridge character led Vaughn to request an expanded role. During the conference, his name came up in a telephone call and he ended up being offered a series of his own—as Napoleon Solo, title character in a series originally to be called Solo, but which became The Man from U.N.C.L.E.<ref name="Express"/> after the pilot was reshot with Leo G. Carroll in the role of Solo's boss. This was the role which would make Vaughn a household name even behind the Iron Curtain.<ref name="Express"/><ref>Detailed in the interviews included in the Man From U.N.C.L.E. boxed briefcase set</ref>

Vaughn as Napoleon Solo with David McCallum as Illya Kuryakin
Vaughn with Kurt Russell in a 1964 episode of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.

From 1964 to 1968, Vaughn played Solo with Scottish co-star David McCallum playing his fellow agent, Illya Kuryakin. This production spawned a spinoff show, large amounts of merchandising, overseas theatrical movies of re-edited episodes, and a sequel, Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E..

Explaining the two The Man from U.N.C.L.E. characters' appeal, Vaughn said, “Girls age 9 to 12 liked David McCallum because he was so sweet, but the old ladies and the 13- to 16-year-olds liked me because I was so detached”.<ref name="LosAngelesDailyNews"/>

At the height of The Man from U.N.C.L.E. show's popularity, Vaughn reported receiving 70,000 fan letters a month.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> "I was bombarded with house and apartment keys labeled with the addresses of the adoring girls who lived behind those doors," he wrote in his 2008 memoir, A Fortunate Life. "At the end of our first season, I had to put up an electric fence around my house to keep out the girls. I even tried using recorded animal noises to fend off my visitors, but I could never operate the sound system."<ref name="hollywoodreporter">Template:Cite news</ref>

Vaughn said the success of the show boosted his career. "Not only was it a great deal of fun, it changed me from being a working actor to a negotiating actor. After U.N.C.L.E., I never accepted the first offer: if I wanted more money, I asked for it. A better dressing room? Four first-class tickets instead of two? I’d ask for them, and I’d often get them."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1966, during the initial The Man from U.N.C.L.E. broadcast run, Vaughn appeared as a bachelor on the premiere episode of the nighttime version of The Dating Game which aired on October 6, 1966. Karen Carlson, the 1964 Miss America pageant first runner-up, chose Vaughn as her date, which included a trip to London, England.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After The Man from U.N.C.L.E was canceled in 1968, Vaughn continued to appear on television and in films.

The Protectors

Vaughn starred in two seasons of the British detective series The Protectors from 1972 through 1974.<ref name="Anderson">Template:Cite book</ref>

Daytime television

Vaughn first appeared on daytime television in 1995 as a guest-star playing Rick Hamlin on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns. Vaughn later appeared in 1996 on ABC's One Life to Live playing the role of Bishop Corrington.<ref name="Soap"/>

In 2012 Vaughn appeared for three weeks in the British soap opera Coronation Street<ref name="BBC News"/> as wealthy American Milton Fanshaw.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Magnificent Seven

Vaughn played Judge Oren Travis on the 1998–2000 syndicated television series The Magnificent Seven.<ref name="Guardian"/>

Hustle

Vaughn experienced a resurgence in 2004. He began co-starring in the British TV drama series Hustle,<ref name="BBC News"/> made for BBC One. The series was also broadcast in the United States on the AMC cable network.<ref name="Express"/> In the series, Vaughn played elder-statesman American con artist Albert Stroller, a father figure to a group of younger grifters.<ref name="Express"/> He ultimately appeared in all eight series aired from 2004 to 2012.

When show producer Simon Crawford Collins met Vaughn, he recognized "straight away that he could bring a whole new dimension to the part of Albert". He later called Vaughn, offering him the role. Vaughn said during the call he was "told to get on a plane an hour after I got the phone call and start shooting the following day."

In 2006, Vaughn said "I imagined that Napoleon Solo had retired from U.N.C.L.E., whatever U.N.C.L.E. was. What could he do now to use his talents and to supplement his government pension? I imagined Stroller as Napoleon Solo, The Later Years".<ref name="LosAngelesDailyNews"/>

Other appearances

He also appeared in two episodes of Columbo during the mid-1970s, "Troubled Waters" (1975) and "Last Salute to the Commodore" (1976). The latter episode is one of the few in the series where the identity of the murderer is not known until the end. Vaughn won an Emmy for his portrayal of Frank Flaherty in Washington: Behind Closed Doors (ABC, 1977)<ref name="Press"/> and during the 1980s starred with friend George Peppard in the final season of The A-Team. Vaughn played Morgan Wendell, opponent to Paul Garrett played by David Janssen in the 1978–79 miniseries Centennial.

Vaughn portrayed Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> in addition to Woodrow Wilson (in the 1979 television mini-series Backstairs at the White House). He additionally played Roosevelt in the 1982 HBO telefilm FDR: That Man in the White House.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1983–1984, he appeared as industrialist Harlan Adams in the short-lived series Emerald Point N.A.S., replacing Patrick O'Neal. In the mid-1990s, he made several cameo appearances on Late Night with Conan O'Brien as an audience member who berates the host and his guests beginning with "you people make me sick."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

After a string of guest roles on series such as Law & Order (in which he had a recurring role during season eight as Carl Anderton, a wealthy businessman who vows revenge on the NYC DA's office and longtime friend Adam Schiff for sending his grandson to juvenile correction for murdering his stepsister). In September 2006, he guest-starred on an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.

Vaughn also appeared as himself narrating and being a character in a radio play broadcast by BBC Radio 4 in 2007 about making the film The Bridge at Remagen in Prague, during the Russian invasion of 1968.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Production company

In 1966, Vaughn founded a film production company, Ferdporqui Productions with his lifelong best friend actor Sherwood Price. The company was headquartered at the M.G.M. Studios in Culver City, California.<ref name="A Fortunate Life"/> They purchased production options on books and scripts in the 1960s. In 1966 they acquired the production rights to Joseph Sargent's "story idea" Bridge on the River Hudson<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and hired Peter Allan Fields to produce a script treatment. Vaughn was reportedly to star in their first independent film venture.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They also acquired the rights to Robert Laxalt's novel The Man in the Wheatfield in 1966 and sought investors in the proposed film's production.

In 1968, the company opened a branch office in Great Britain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the 1970s Ferdporqui Productions provided production management on The Protectors which starred Vaughn.<ref name="Anderson"/>

Other investments

Vaughn's investments included profitable livestock herds and west Texas gas wells which made him a millionaire.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1967, one of his wells saw an increase in production output from $13 per week to $270 per day, a $98,550 annual output (Template:Inflation). The reportedly frugal Vaughn said, "If it went tomorrow, it wouldn't visibly change my life." Vaughn said he had lived on one-quarter of his salary for the past ten years and that his business manager allowed him $25 spending money per week.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Advertising pitch man

In later years, Vaughn appeared in syndicated advertisements marketed by Commercial Pro, Inc. for various personal injury and workers compensation law firms, using the catchphrase, "Tell them you mean business".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Vaughn was also an infomercial pitchman from 1985 through 1990 for the Helsinki Formula, a claimed baldness cure. In 1994 the Federal Trade Commission sued, blocking the product's bogus claims, but $100 million of the product had already been sold.

In 1993, Vaughn told The Los Angeles Times he had no problem promoting the Helsinki Formula "cure". He said, “That was about the most profitable thing I’ve ever done in my life. Every call that came in on the 800 number, I got a piece of that”.<ref name=NYTObit/>

The Seinfeld TV show mentioned Vaughn's Helsinki Formula ad during the show's second season May 2, 1991, episode:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Template:Dialogue

Personal life

During the late 1960s Joyce Jameson was a girlfriend of Vaughn's. She acted opposite Vaughn as a guest star on a 1966 U.N.C.L.E. episode "The Dippy Blond Affair".

Vaughn at a memorabilia event in March 2009

Vaughn married actress Linda Staab in 1974. They appeared together in a 1973 episode of The Protectors, called "It Could Be Practically Anywhere on the Island". They adopted two children, Cassidy (born 1976) and Caitlin (born 1981).<ref name="Press"/> They resided in Ridgefield, Connecticut.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

For many years, it was believed Vaughn was the biological father of English film director and producer Matthew Vaughn, born when the actor was in a relationship with early 1970s socialite Kathy Ceaton. However, a paternity investigation<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> identified the father as George de Vere Drummond, an English aristocrat and godson of King George VI. Early in Matthew's life, when all believed Vaughn was the father, he asked for "his" child's surname to be Vaughn, which Matthew continues to use professionally, still seeing Vaughn as his social father, even if not biologically.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Recordings

In 1967 Vaughn released the MGM Records spoken word album Readings From Hamlet, which featured him performing seven excerpts from Shakespeare's Hamlet accompanied with incidental music. The MGM Records E/SE-4488 lp was released in both mono and stereo formats.

Books

Vaughn published Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting in 1972.<ref name="Vaughn 1972"/>

His second book, A Fortunate Life, was an autobiography published in 2008 in which Vaughn said of his life, "With a modest amount of looks and talent and more than a modicum of serendipity, I've managed to stretch my 15 minutes of fame into more than half a century of good fortune".<ref name="A Fortunate Life" /> "The breaks all fell my way".<ref name="LosAngelesDailyNews" />

Political views

Vaughn was a longtime member of the Democratic Party.<ref name="TV Guide" /> His family was also Democratic and was involved in politics in Minneapolis.<ref name="csm">Template:Cite news</ref> Early in his career, he was described as a "liberal Democrat".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn He was opposed to the Hollywood Blacklist of suspected Communists on freedom of speech principles, but Vaughn also was opposed to Communism as a totalitarian system.<ref>RObert Vaughn (1972). Only Victims: A Study of Hollywood Blacklisting. NY:Putnam</ref> Vaughn campaigned for John F. Kennedy in the 1960 United States presidential election.<ref name="Press" /> He was the chair of the California Democratic State Central Committee speakers bureau and actively campaigned for candidates in the 1960s.<ref name="Press" /><ref name="csm" />

Vaughn was the first popular American actor to take a public stand against the Vietnam War and was active in the peace group Another Mother for Peace.<ref name=":0" /> Vaughn debated with William F. Buckley Jr. on his program Firing Line on the Vietnam War.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> With Dick Van Dyke and Carl Reiner, he was a founder of Dissenting Democrats.Template:Sfn Early in the 1968 presidential election, they supported the candidacy of Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy, who was running for president as an alternative to Vice President Hubert Humphrey, who had supported President Lyndon Johnson's escalation of the war in Vietnam.Template:Sfn

Vaughn was reported to have political ambitions of his own,Template:Sfn but in a 1973 interview, he denied having had any political aspirations.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a conversation with historian Jack Sanders, he stated that after the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, "I lost heart for the battle".<ref name="Press" />

Death

Vaughn died in a hospice in Danbury, Connecticut,<ref name=wapo-obit>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYtimes-obit/> on November 11, 2016 (11days short of his 84th birthday),<ref name="Press">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="hollywoodreporter"/> after undergoing a year-long treatment for leukemia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Accolades

  • 1960: Academy Award nominee – Actor in a Supporting Role – The Young Philadelphians
  • 1960: Golden Globe nominee – Best Supporting Actor – The Young Philadelphians
  • 1961: Golden Globe nominee – New Star of the Year – Actor – The Magnificent Seven
  • 1965: Golden Globe nominee – Actor in a Television Series – The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
  • 1965: Photoplay – Most Popular Male Star<ref name="A Fortunate Life"/>
  • 1966: Golden Globe nominee – Actor in a Television Series – The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
  • 1970: BAFTA Film Award nominee – Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Bullitt
  • 1978: Emmy Award – Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor – Washington: Behind Closed Doors<ref name="Emmy">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • 1979: Emmy Award nominee – Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series – Backstairs at the White House<ref name="Emmy"/>
  • 1998: Hollywood Walk of Fame Star, 6600 block of Hollywood Boulevard

Theater

Year Title Role Theatre Dates Notes
1955 The Pilgrimage<ref name="The Pilgrimage Play">Template:Cite news</ref> Judas Iscariot<ref name="A Fortunate Life"/> Pilgrimage Theater, Hollywood<ref name="Pilgrimage"/> Unknown Pilgrimage Theater is now known as the John Anson Ford Amphitheatre.<ref name="Pilgrimage">"Pilgrimage Play Returns to Stage", Los Angeles Times, August 9, 1955.</ref>
1979 The Real Inspector Hound<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> MoonTemplate:Sfn United States Unknown
1985 Inherit The Wind Henry Drummond Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, NJ March 1985
1989 Love Letters Andrew Makepiece Ladd III<ref name="Love Letters">Template:Cite web</ref> Edison Theatre<ref name="Love Letters"/> October 31, 1989 – January 21, 1990<ref name="Love Letters"/> Template:Plain list
2013 Twelve Angry Men Juror 9 Template:Plain list Template:Plain list

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1956 The Ten Commandments Spearman / Hebrew at Golden Calf Template:Plain list
1957 Hell's Crossroads Bob FordTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn Western film directed by Franklin Adreon.Template:Sfn<ref name="Hell's Crossroads">Template:Cite web</ref>
No Time to Be Young Buddy Root Film noir drama film directed by David Lowell Rich.<ref name="No Time to Be Young">Template:Cite web</ref>
1958 Teenage Cave Man The Symbol Maker's Teenage Son Independent black-and-white adventure–science fiction film produced and directed by Roger Corman.<ref name="Teenage Cave Man">Template:Cite web</ref>
Unwed Mother Don Bigelow Drama film directed by Walter A. Doniger.<ref name="Unwed Mother">Template:Cite web</ref>
1959 Good Day for a Hanging Eddie Campbell Western film directed by Nathan H. Juran.<ref name="Good Day for a Hanging">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Young Philadelphians Chester A. Gwynn Template:Plain list
1960 The Magnificent Seven Lee Western film directed by John Sturges.<ref name="The Magnificent Seven">Template:Cite web</ref>
1961 The Big ShowTemplate:Sfn Klaus Everard Template:Plain list
1963 The Caretakers Jim Melford Template:Plain list
1964 To Trap a Spy Napoleon Solo Feature length film of the Pilot episode of The Man from U.N.C.L.E. directed by Don Medford.<ref name="To Trap a Spy">Template:Cite web</ref>
1965 The Spy with My Face Spy-fi spy film based on The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and directed by John Newland.<ref name="The Spy with My Face">Template:Cite web</ref>
1966 One Spy Too Many Feature-length film of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.Template:'s two–part season two premiere episode "Alexander the Greater Affair" written by Dean Hargrove and directed by Joseph Sargent.<ref name="One Spy Too Many">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Glass Bottom Boat Template:Plain list
One of Our Spies is Missing Template:Plain list
1967 The Spy in the Green Hat Feature-length film of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.Template:'s third season two–part episode "The Concrete Overcoat Affair" directed by Joseph Sargent and written by Peter Allan Fields with the story by David Victor.<ref name="The Spy in the Green Hat">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Venetian Affair Bill Fenner Template:Plain list
The Karate Killers Napoleon Solo Feature-length film of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.Template:'s third season two–part episode "The Five Daughters Affair" directed by Barry Shear and written by Norman Hudis with the story by Boris Ingster.<ref name="The Karate Killers">Template:Cite web</ref>
1968 The Helicopter Spies Feature-length film of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.Template:'s fourth season two–part episode "The Prince of Darkness Affair" directed by Boris Sagal and written by Dean Hargrove.<ref name="The Helicopter Spies">Template:Cite web</ref>
How to Steal the World Feature-length film of The Man from U.N.C.L.E.Template:'s two–part series finale episodes "The Seven Wonders of the World Affair" directed by Sutton Roley and written by Norman Hudis.<ref name="How to Steal the World">Template:Cite web</ref>
Bullitt Walter Chalmers Drama–thriller film directed by Peter Yates and produced by Philip D'Antoni.<ref name="Bullitt">Template:Cite web</ref>
1969 If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium Antonio, Photographer DeLuxe Color romantic comedy film directed by Mel Stuart.<ref name="If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Bridge at Remagen Major Paul Kreuger Template:Plain list
1970 Julius Caesar Servilius Casca British independent adaptation of William Shakespeare's play of the same name, directed by Stuart Burge and written by Robert Furnival.<ref name="Julius Caesar">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Mind of Mr. Soames Dr. Michael Bergen Template:Plain list
1971 The Statue Ray Whiteley Template:Plain list
Clay Pigeon Neilson Action film directed by Lane Slate and Tom Stern.<ref name="Clay Pigeon">Template:Cite web</ref>
1974 The Man from Independence Harry S Truman Biographical–drama film directed by Jack Smight<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Goldberg">Template:Cite book</ref> and written by Edward DeBlasio.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Towering Inferno Senator Parker Action–drama disaster film directed by John Guillermin.<ref name="The Towering Inferno">Template:Cite web</ref>
1975 Wanted: Babysitter Stuart Chase Template:Plain list
1976 Atraco en la junglaTemplate:Sfn Tony Template:Plain list
1977 Demon Seed Proteus IVTemplate:Sfn Template:Plain list
Starship Invasions Professor Allan Duncan Template:Plain list
1978 The Lucifer Complex Glen Manning Science fiction film directed by Kenneth Hartford & David L. HewittTemplate:Sfn and written by Hewitt & Dale Skillicorn.Template:Sfn
Brass Target Colonel Donald Rogers Template:Plain list
Hawaii Five-O Rolande Episode: "The Spirit is Willie"
1979 Good Luck, Miss Wyckoff Dr. Neal<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Drama film directed by Marvin J. Chomsky.<ref name="Good Luck, Miss Wyckoff">Template:Cite web</ref>
1980 Cuba Crossing Hud Template:Plain list
Virus Senator BarkleyTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn Template:Plain list
Hangar 18 Gordon Cain Action science fiction film directed by James L. Conway and written by Ken Pettus with the story by Thomas C. Chapman and Conway.<ref name="Hangar 18">Template:Cite web</ref>
Battle Beyond the Stars GeltTemplate:Sfn Science fiction–adventure film directed by Jimmy T. Murakami.<ref name="Battle Beyond the Stars">Template:Cite web</ref>
1981 S.O.B. David BlackmanTemplate:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Comedy film written and directed by Blake Edwards.<ref name="S.O.B.">Template:Cite web</ref>
1983 Superman III Ross Webster British superhero film directed by Richard Lester<ref name="Superman III">Template:Cite web</ref> and based on the DC Comics character Superman.
Great Transport Dr. Emil Kovac Template:Plain list
1986 Black Moon Rising Ed Ryland Action film directed by Harley Cokliss and written by John Carpenter.<ref name="Black Moon Rising">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Delta Force General Woodbridge
1987 Hour of the Assassin Sam Merrick
They Call Me Renegade Lawson
Killing Birds Dr. Fred Brown
1988 Skeleton Coast Major Schneider
Captive Rage Eduard Delacorte
Another Way: D-Kikan Joho Mr. D Japanese film
1989 The Emissary Ambassador Ed MacKay
That's Adequate Adolf Hitler
C.H.U.D. II: Bud the C.H.U.D. Colonel Masters
River of Death Dr. Wolfgang Manteuffel
Transylvania Twist Lord Byron Orlock
1990 Buried Alive Gary Julian
Nobody's Perfect Dr. Duncan
1991 Going Under Wedgewood Also known as Dive!Template:Sfn
1992 Blind Vision Mr. X
1994 Dust to Dust Mayor Sampson Moses
1995 Witch Academy The Devil
1996 Joe's Apartment Senator Dougherty
Milk & Money Uncle Andre
1997 Menno's Mind Senator Zachary Powell
Motel Blue Chief MacIntyre
Vulcan Vince Baxter
An American Affair Professor Michaels
1998 Visions Agent Silvestri
McCinsey's Island Walter Denkins
The Sender Ron Fairfax
BASEketball Baxter Cain Vaughn's 100th feature film
2001 Pootie Tang Dick Lecter
2002 Cottonmouth Judge Mancini
2003 Happy Hour Tulley Sr.
Doug McPlug: The Life and Times
Hoodlum & Son Benny 'The Bomb' Palladino
2004 Scene Stealers Dr. Gadsden Braden
2BPerfectlyHonest Nick
Gang Warz Chief Hannigan
2012 Excuse Me for Living Jacob
The Magnificent Eleven American Bob
2014 A Cry from Within Doc Williams
2016 The American Side Silver-Haired Man
Gold Star Carmine (final film role)

Television

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References

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Sources

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