Rufus Wainwright (album)
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates {{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst-infobox||$params=italic_title,name,type,longtype,artist,cover,border,alt,caption,released,recorded,venue,studio,genre,length,language,label,director,producer,compiler,chronology,prev_title,prev_year,year,next_title,next_year,misc|$extra=italic_title,longtype,border,caption,language,director,compiler,chronology,year,misc|$aliases=italic title>italic_title,Italic title>italic_title,Name>name,Type>type,image>cover,Cover>cover,Border>border,Alt>alt,Caption>caption,Longtype>longtype,Artist>artist,Released>released,Recorded>recorded,Venue>venue,Studio>studio,Genre>genre,Length>length,Language>language,Label>label,Director>director,Producer>producer,Compiler>compiler,Chronology>chronology,Misc>misc|$flags=override|$B={{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Is infobox in lead|main|[Ii]nfobox [Aa]lbum}}|true|{{#if:Template:Has short description | |{{#if: Template:Start date | Template:Short description}}}}}}{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox album with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|italic_title |type |name |image |cover |border |alt |caption |longtype |artist |released |recorded |venue |studio |genre |length |language |label |director |producer |compiler |prev_title|prev_year|next_title|next_year|chronology|year|misc}}{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|error_category=Music infoboxes with Module:String errors|A|1=Poses2001studioRufus WainwrightRufusWainwright AlbumCover 1998 RW.jpgBlack and white head shot of a man; in the background is a colorful collage and the text "Rufus Wainwright" appears across the topRufus WainwrightTemplate:Start date1996–1997Template:DurationDreamWorksTemplate:Flatlistx|2=</?t[drh][ >]|nomatch=}}|Template:Main other}}Template:Main other}} Rufus Wainwright is the debut studio album by Canadian-American singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, released in the United States on May 19, 1998, through DreamWorks Records.<ref name=Allmusic>Template:Cite web</ref> It was produced by Jon Brion, with the exception of "In My Arms", which was produced and mixed by Pierre Marchand, and "Millbrook" and "Baby", which were produced by Brion and Van Dyke Parks. Lenny Waronker was the executive producer.
Wainwright was signed to the DreamWorks label in 1996 after Waronker heard the demo tape he recorded with Marchand. Over the course of two years, Wainwright and Brion recorded 56 songs on 62 rolls of tape at a cost that exceeded $700,000. These were then narrowed down to twelve tracks for the album. No singles were released from Rufus Wainwright, though Sophie Muller directed the music video for "April Fools", which featured Wainwright in Los Angeles attempting to prevent the deaths of opera heroines. To support the album, Wainwright toured throughout the United States and Canada following its release.
Overall, reviews for the album were positive. Though it failed to chart in any country, Wainwright reached number 24 on BillboardTemplate:'s Top Heatseekers chart (which highlights sales by new and developing musical recording artists) and Rolling Stone named Wainwright the Best New Artist of 1998. Rufus Wainwright also earned him recognition from the Gay & Lesbian American Music Awards, the GLAAD Media Awards, and the Juno Awards. The album was released in Japan with the bonus track "A Bit of You", and later in 2008 in LP form through the record label Plain Recordings.
Background
Wainwright, born into a musical family which included parents Loudon Wainwright III and Kate McGarrigle and sister Martha Wainwright, began touring in his early teens with his family throughout Canada, Europe, and the United States. At age fourteen, his song "I'm a RunninTemplate:'", written for the 1988 Canadian film Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller, earned him a Genie Award nomination for Best Achievement in Music – Original Song and a Juno Award nomination in 1990 for Most Promising Male Vocalist of the Year.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web Note: User must define search parameters as "Rufus Wainwright".</ref>
Wainwright attended McGill University in Montreal for a short time to study Classical music composition. With his mother's support, he began writing pop songs and learned how to play guitar. Wainwright started performing at the night club Sarajevo, and eventually recorded a demo tape with record producer Pierre Marchand, a family friend, who had worked with Kate and Anna and who later produced Wainwright's second studio album Poses. Songs were recorded at Marchand's studio in Morin-Heights, Quebec, and no edits were made to the simple live tunes.<ref name=Lake70>Template:Harvard citation no brackets</ref> The tape impressed Wainwright's father, who passed the songs along to producer Van Dyke Parks, who in turn presented them to DreamWorks executive Lenny Waronker.<ref name=Farber>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Generation>Template:Cite news Template:Dead link</ref> Waronker had signed McGarrigle to Warner Bros. Records in the 1970s.<ref name=Plasketes>Template:Cite book</ref> Wainwright acknowledged that having musicians as parents gave him a "foot in the door", but attributed his success to hard work.<ref name=Farber/>
Development
Wainwright was signed to DreamWorks in 1996. Waronker paired him with producer Jon Brion, and together they spent "most of 1996 and 1997" recording 56 songs on 62 rolls of tape.<ref name=Lake105>Template:Harvard citation no brackets</ref> Costs for the recording sessions reached between $700,000 and $1,000,000.<ref name=Plasketes/> Wainwright admitted that he and Brion took their time recording the album in Los Angeles, and considered the extended time a "blessing" and "luxury", claiming that "most people have two weeks to record their first album".<ref name=PianoMan>Template:Cite journal</ref> According to Wainwright, Waronker "didn't care how long it took, as long as we were doing good work."<ref name=Lake105/> Waronker was pleased with the final product, and he and Wainwright agreed on the twelve tracks that made up the album.<ref name=Lake106>Template:Harvard citation no brackets</ref>
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Songs on the album were produced by Brion, except "In My Arms" was produced and mixed by Marchand, and "Millbrook" and "Baby" were produced by Brion and Van Dyke Parks.<ref name=CDinsert>Template:Cite AV media notes</ref> Waronker served as the executive producer. Rufus Wainwright was recorded mostly in Los Angeles studios—Ocean Way studios 3 and 7, Sunset Sound Factory, Sunset Sound, Media Vortex, Hook Studios, Groove Masters, Red Zone, Sony, The Palindrome Recorder, and NRG Recording Services—although recording also took place in Marchand's Wild Sky in Morin-Heights, Quebec.<ref name=Lake105/><ref name=CDinsert/> Parks conducted his orchestrations at Studio B in the Capitol Studios complex.<ref name=Lake105/>
Wainwright and Brion did not always get along, the latter admitting to The New York Times: "Rufus had all these beautiful songs but every time the vocals would kick in, he'd write some complicated keyboard part so you couldn't hear them. He wasn't interested in listening to ideas about simplifying arrangements."<ref name=Lake105/> The duo, with Ethan Johns, also contributed the songs "Le Roi D'Ys" and "Banks of the Wabash" (both "contemporary" cover versions) to the 1997 soundtrack to the film The Myth of Fingerprints.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Johns later considered "Le Roi D'Ys", recorded in around six hours, to be one of his favorite tracks by Wainwright.<ref name=Lake106/>
Rufus Wainwright was released on May 19, 1998, through DreamWorks. Following the album's release, which earned him mostly positive reviews, Wainwright contributed to The McGarrigle Hour, a 1998 album by Kate & Anna McGarrigle featuring family members Loudon and Martha along with singers Emmylou Harris and Linda Ronstadt.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In December 1998, Wainwright appeared in a Gap television advertisement in which he performed Frank Loesser's 1947 song "What Are You Doing New Year's Eve?"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Dead link</ref> In 1999, he was one of several featured artists promoted by Best Buy as part of a campaign to promote young talent.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> The album was re-issued in 2008 in LP form through the record label Plain Recordings.<ref name=Allmusic/>
Songs
The "neo-operatic" opening track "Foolish Love", arranged by Van Dyke Parks, was described by AllMusic contributor Matthew Greenwald as a "lush, orchestral-soaked ballad, with incredible strings".<ref name=Greenwald>Template:Cite web</ref> He asserted that Wainwright's lyrics took the form of a letter to himself, defining his goals and "sense of purpose".<ref name=Greenwald/> The song "Danny Boy", with its "fabulous wordplay that stays literate and easy to understand at the time", contains "subtle" horn lines and sampled percussion. The song alludes to Wainwright's homosexuality, which Greenwald considered a "brave move".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> According to biographer Kirk Lake, "Danny Boy" is a companion piece to "Foolish Love" and together they represent the start and end of a relationship between a gay and a straight man.<ref name=Lake72>Template:Harvard citation no brackets</ref> Danny, the straight "drug-addled" title figure with whom Wainwright had a three-year relationship, is the subject of both songs in addition to others on the album; he appears in the album's collage artwork.<ref name=Lake72/><ref name=Out>Template:Cite journal</ref> Wainwright sings of being so blinded by love that he fails to notice the "ship with eight sails" threatening to come around the bend, a reference to Bertolt Brecht's 1928 musical The Threepenny Opera.<ref name=Lake72/>
The chorus in "April Fools" begins with an "unusually upbeat attitude" and was considered by Greenwald to be the most accessible track on the album.<ref name="AprilFools">Template:Cite web</ref> The song showcases Jim Keltner's drum performance as well as Wainwright's piano playing.<ref name="AprilFools" /> Driven by Wainwright's guitar playing, "In My Arms" was described by Greenwald as a "forlorn", Spanish-influenced ballad that sounded as though it "could have been recorded in France in the 1920s".<ref name="InMyArms">Template:Cite web</ref> The song "Millbrook" is an ode to his boarding school compatriots.<ref name="Millbrook">Template:Cite web</ref> Wainwright has admitted to being "upset and drunk" when recording the final take.<ref name="Kot">Template:Cite news</ref> "Baby", which has been considered one of the most melancholic songs on the album, contains "oddly placed" and "slightly quirky" major seventh chords. Greenwald called the lyrics "a stream-of-consciousness pleasure, relating the confusing and intoxicating emotions of young love".<ref name="Baby">Template:Cite web</ref>
"Beauty Mark" is an ode to Wainwright's mother, the title referring to the beauty mark above her lip.<ref name="BeautyMark">Template:Cite web</ref> The song is one of the few up-tempo tracks on the album and contains multiple keyboard overdubs by Brion.<ref name="BeautyMark" /> Chris Yurkiw of the Montreal Mirror considered the track to be the most moving love song on the album, with an "overt and open-hearted" reference to his homosexuality: "I may not be so manly, but still I know you love me."<ref name="DramaQueen">Template:Cite journal</ref> Wainwright's Summer Stage performance of "Beauty Mark" appears on his 2005 DVD All I Want.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In "Barcelona", Wainwright recalls a love affair that took place in the city of the same name.<ref name="Barcelona">Template:Cite web</ref> The song is loosely about AIDS and contains the Italian language lyric "Fuggi, regal fantasima", taken from Giuseppe Verdi's opera Macbeth. According to Wainwright, the line appears in a scene when "Macbeth is going mad and sees the ghost, and in [Wainwright's] mind the ghost was AIDS."<ref name="DramaQueen" /> "Matinee Idol" is about the rise and fall of an entertainment figure, inspired by the death of actor River Phoenix.<ref name="MatineeIdol">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Greenwald, the musical song has a "1920s, cabaret musical feel".<ref name="MatineeIdol" />
"Damned Ladies" is a slow ballad about the "beloved yet doomed ladies of opera".<ref name="DamnedLadies">Template:Cite web</ref> Wainwright said the following of "Damned Ladies", which contains references to nine opera heroines: "In the song, I lament how these women are constantly dying brutal deaths, which I can see coming but cannot stop. It gets me every time."<ref name="Lake72" /> Greenwald described "Sally Ann" as a 1920s love ballad of "lost love and emotional regret".<ref name="SallyAnn">Template:Cite web</ref> The melody in "Imaginary Love", the album's closing track, contains sixth and major seventh chords.<ref name="ImaginaryLove">Template:Cite web</ref>
In Japan, the album was released with the bonus track "A Bit of You".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In May 2023, the album's 25th anniversary, a remastered version was released with songs previously released on the 2011 box set House of Rufus plus three session outtakes. The track list consists of the original album plus the tracks: "Hankering", "Saint James Infirmary", "More Wine", "Fame Into Love Into Death", "One More Chance", "A Bit of You", "Dreams and Daydreams", "Miss Otis Regrets", "So Fine", and "Come". For the album's cover, Wainwright recreated his original art using a photograph of him at age 50.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Promotion
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Wainwright acknowledged that his debut album was "not a single driven album"; no singles were released from it.<ref name=Tour/> To promote the album, a music video was produced for the song "April Fools".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Directed by Sophie Muller, the video features Wainwright in Los Angeles "amidst a clique of classic opera characters" such as Madame Butterfly, attempting to prevent each of them from committing suicide. However, in each instance he arrives too late.<ref name=Tour/> The video also contains cameo appearances by No Doubt's Gwen Stefani, a friend of Muller's, and Hole bassist Melissa Auf der Maur, a high school acquaintance and former roommate of Wainwright's. Part of the video was filmed in Stefani's house.<ref name=Tour/>
Wainwright performed "Beauty Mark" on Today, the American morning news and talk show.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He also taped an episode of MTV's television program 120 Minutes to promote the album, which aired on March 28, 1999.<ref name=Lewiston>Template:Cite news</ref> An advertisement in Billboard promoting the album also referred to appearances on CBS News Sunday Morning, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Late Show with David Letterman, and Sessions at West 54th.<ref>Template:Cite magazine Note: Advertisement.</ref>
In the year prior to the album's release, Wainwright opened for artists such as Barenaked Ladies and Sean Lennon. On March 1, 1999, Wainwright began his first tour as a headlining act in Hoboken, New Jersey. During that month, Wainwright toured throughout New England and the mid-Atlantic states, Ontario (Ottawa and Toronto), Quebec (Montreal), the southern United States (Nashville, and Atlanta), and the midwestern United States (Cincinnati, Chicago, and Pontiac).<ref name=Tour>Template:Cite web</ref> Wainwright continued to tour throughout the month of April before heading to Europe.<ref name=Tour/> Stops were mostly along the West Coast, including four in California, Portland, Oregon, and Seattle. Three concerts were also held in western Canada, including Vancouver, Edmonton, and Calgary.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Template:Clear
Critical reception
Template:Music ratings Reception of the album was positive. Speaking of second-generation artists emerging around the same time, AllMusic's Jason Ankeny wrote that Wainwright "deserves to be heard regardless of his family tree". Furthermore, Ankeny complimented the musician for his songwriting abilities and his "knack for elegantly rolling piano melodies and poignantly romantic lyrics".<ref name=Allmusic/> Music journalist Robert Christgau characterized Wainwright as a "mind-boggling original" whose talent is "too big to let pass".<ref name=Christgau/> Los Angeles Times critic Marc Weingarten found that the "abiding, uncynical" view of love expressed in Wainwright's lyrics does not come off as "mawkish" due to his considerable skills as a songwriter and arranger.<ref name=LATimes/> NME reviewer John Mulvey called the album "floridly impersonal" and "grandiosely arranged", but also criticized Wainwright for being "too overwrought and naff".<ref name=NME/> Greenwald complimented Martha's backing vocals on the song "In My Arms", as well as Parks' "positively sterling" string arrangement on "Millbrook".<ref name=InMyArms/><ref name=Millbrook/> Furthermore, he praised the vocal duet between Rufus and Martha on "Sally Ann", claiming that a similar sibling performance had not been heard since the Everly Brothers.<ref name=SallyAnn/> The album's cabaret elements and 1970s singer-songwriter style drew comparisons to Cole Porter and Joni Mitchell.<ref name=Generation/> Josh Kun of Salon wrote that Wainwright poetically incorporated "foolish love and fantasy love, healing love and destructive love and love that makes you want to lose your sense of self just so you can find it again." Kun asserted that the songs were "built on a similar set of angled melodies and hairpin turns of phrase", and that each "succeeds as its own distinctly intimate portrait of emotion and desire."<ref name=Salon>Template:Cite web</ref>
Ann Powers, music critic for The New York Times, included the album at number five on her list of the Top 10 albums of 1998.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The album was also included in The Village VoiceTemplate:'s 1998 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll, which combined ballots from 496 critics.<ref name=Tour/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Rufus Wainwright was nominated four times by the Gay & Lesbian American Music Awards, an organization that provided the foundation for the recognition of the excellence of LGBT artists.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Wainwright received the award for Best New Artist, the album was nominated for Album of the Year, and "April Fools" was nominated for Video of the Year and Best Pop Recording.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The GLAAD Media Awards, created by the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) to recognize and honor the mainstream media for their fair and accurate representations of the LGBT community, presented Wainwright with the award for Outstanding Music Album.<ref>Template:Cite press release Note: Press release hosted by the Queer Resources Directory.</ref> At the Juno Awards of 1999, Rufus Wainwright earned Wainwright the Juno Award for Best Alternative Album.<ref>Template:Cite web Note: User must define search parameters as "Rufus Wainwright".</ref>
Commercial reception
Album sales were limited—by March 1999 only 35,000 copies had been sold.<ref name=Lewiston/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2001, Michael Giltz of The Advocate wrote that Wainwright's biggest sales boost came from the Gap advertisement rather than radio play.<ref name=Giltz>Template:Cite journal Note: Source also confirms the album's inclusion in The Village VoiceTemplate:'s 1998 Pazz & Jop poll.</ref> Despite low sales, Wainwright reached number 24 on BillboardTemplate:'s Top Heatseekers chart, and Rolling Stone named him 1998's Best New Artist.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The January 19, 1999 CMJ New Music Report showed that Rufus Wainwright spent nine weeks on CMJ Radio 200 reaching a peak position of number 52, five weeks on CMJ Code Radio reaching a peak position of number 42, as well as nine weeks on CMJ Triple A reaching a peak position of number 9.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Track listing
All songs written by Wainwright. Track listing adapted from AllMusic.<ref name=Allmusic/>
- "Foolish Love" – 5:46
- "Danny Boy" – 6:12
- "April Fools" – 5:00
- "In My Arms" – 4:08
- "Millbrook" – 2:11
- "Baby" – 5:13
- "Beauty Mark" – 2:14
- "Barcelona" – 6:53
- "Matinee Idol" – 3:08
- "Damned Ladies" – 4:07
- "Sally Ann" – 5:01
- "Imaginary Love" – 3:28
Personnel
- Jon Brion – Chamberlin (1), accordion (1), marimba (1,9), vibes (1,10), bass guitar (2,9,12), baritone guitar (2,3,11), optigan (2), acoustic guitar (2,3,12), electric guitar (3), background vocals (3,12), percussion (3,8), timpani (7), crotales (7), celeste (7,10), temple blocks (7), assorted bells (7), tuned toms (8), mandolin (9), drums (9), tack piano (10)
- Randy Brion – horn arrangement (2,11), conductor (2,11)
- Yves Desrosiers – acoustic guitar (4), electric guitar (4), slide bass (4)
- Marty Grebb – alto saxophone (9)
- Glen Hollman – upright (1,7,12), mandolin bass (10)
- Jim Keltner – drums (1–3,7,11,12)
- Pierre Marchand – bass guitar (4), keyboards (4)
- Van Dyke Parks – string arrangement (1,5,6), conductor (1,5,6)
- Ash Sood – drums (4), percussion (4)
- Benmont Tench – piano (3,11), Hammond organ (11)
- Martha Wainwright – background vocals (3,4,11)
- Rufus Wainwright – vocals (1–12), background vocals (3), piano (1,2,5-7,10,12), Chamberlin (1,8,9), tack piano (1,2,9), acoustic guitar (3,8,10,11), castanets (8), half-speed piano (1), humming (10)
Credits adapted from AllMusic and the album liner notes.<ref name=Allmusic/><ref name=CDinsert/>
See also
- A Singer Must Die (2010), by Art of Time Ensemble featuring Steven Page (includes a cover version of "Foolish Love")<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
References
- Works cited
External links
- Review by Saul Austerlitz of The Yale Herald (January 15, 1999)