Schweppes
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Beverage Schweppes (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell,<ref name=tnyer1950/><ref>Wells, J. C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd edn, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman</ref><ref>Daniel Jones, Peter Roach, et al. (2011). Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary, 18th edn, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press</ref> Template:IPA) is a soft drink brand founded in Geneva in 1783 by the German watchmaker and amateur scientist Johann Jacob Schweppe; it is now made, bottled, and distributed worldwide by multiple international conglomerates, depending on licensing and region, that manufacture and sell soft drinks. Schweppes was one of the earliest forms of a soft drink, originally being regular soda water created in 1783.<ref name="soft drink"/> Various types of lemonades, tonic waters and ginger ales also carry the Schweppes name.
The company has held the British royal warrant since 1836 and was the official sponsor of Prince Albert's Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, London in 1851.<ref name="soft drink">Template:Cite news</ref>
History
18th century
In the late 18th century, German watchmaker and amateur scientist Johann Jacob Schweppe developed a process to manufacture bottled carbonated mineral water based on the discoveries of English chemist Joseph Priestley.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Schweppe founded the Schweppes Company in Geneva in 1783 to sell carbonated water.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1792, he moved to London to develop the business there.
19th century
Schweppes had offices in Bristol and were selling carbonated Hotwells water in 1820.<ref>advert in Bristol Chronicle 13 Jan 1820 p3</ref> In 1843, Schweppes commercialised Malvern water at the Holywell Spring in the Malvern Hills, which was to become a favourite of the British Royal Family until parent company Coca-Cola closed the historic plant in 2010 to local outcry.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
20th century
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During the 1920s and 1930s, the artist William Barribal created a range of posters for Schweppes.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1946, the advertising agency S.T.Garland Advertising Service Ltd., London coined the word "Schweppervescence", which was used in banners advertising the brand during the Victory Day Parade in London.Template:Sfn Thereafter it was used extensively in advertisements produced by Garlands, who sold copyright of this word to the Schweppes Company for £150 five years later when they relinquished the account.
An ad campaign in the 1950s and 1960s featured a real-life veteran British naval officer named Commander Whitehead, who described the product's bubbly flavour (effervescence) as "Schweppervescence". Comedian Benny Hill also appeared in a series of Schweppes TV commercials in the 1960s. Another campaign in the 1950s and 1960s, "Schweppeshire", was written by Stephen Potter, best known for his parodies of self-help books, and their film and television derivatives.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Another campaign, voiced by the English actor William Franklyn, made use of onomatopoeia in their commercials: "Schhh… You know who." after the sound of the gas escaping as one opens the bottle.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1969, the Schweppes Company merged with Cadbury to become Cadbury Schweppes PLC. In 1993, Cadbury Schweppes increased its stake in American company Dr Pepper/Seven Up (DPSU) to 25.9%, acquiring 45% two years later in 1995,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and acquiring Dr Pepper/Seven Up Bottling Group in 1999.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
21st century
In 2006, Cadbury Schweppes bought out the remaining 53% of the Carlyle Group's shares and 2% of the management's shares,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> after which Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages absorbed all the assets of Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. (which included Mott's Beverages and Snapple Beverages), while Dr Pepper/Seven Up Bottling Group was merged with other bottling companies acquired by Cadbury and renamed Cadbury Schweppes Bottling Group. After acquiring many other brands in the ensuing years, the company was split in 2008, with its US beverage unit becoming Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. (DPSG, Inc.) and separated from is the new holding company of the confectionery business Cadbury PLC (now part of Mondelez International).<ref name="demerger">Template:Cite press release</ref> In 2018, Keurig Green Mountain acquired DPSG,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and became Keurig Dr Pepper. It is the current owner of the Schweppes trademark in Canada and the United States.
The Coca-Cola Company owns the Schweppes brand in several territories, including 21 European countries through European Refreshments ULC. In a further 22 European countries, the brand is owned by Schweppes International Limited (a subsidiary of Suntory).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, Swire's subsidiary Swire Coca-Cola produces Schweppes branded beverages.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Japanese Asahi Group bought Schweppes Australia in 2008 from Cadbury,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and owns the trademark in Australia.
Mainstay Schweppes products include ginger ale (1870),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> bitter lemon (1957),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and tonic water (the first carbonated tonic – 1871).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
References
External links
- Template:Official website
- Schweppes History Movie - 13 minute video on the history of Schweppes
Template:Dr Pepper Snapple brands Template:Ginger ales Template:Citrus sodas Template:British Royal Warrant holders Template:Authority control