Shandong University
Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox university
Shandong University (Template:Lang-zh; SDU) is a public university in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Shandong University derives its official founding date from the Imperial Shandong University (官立山東大學堂), which established in Jinan in November 1901 on the request of Yuan Shikai, then Governor of Shandong, as the second modern national university in the country.<ref>The first one is Peking University in the capital city Beijing</ref><ref name="sduhist">Template:Cite web</ref> The precursor institution of Shandong University Medical School, Cheeloo University, was founded by American and English mission agencies in the late 19th century as Tengchow College of Liberal Arts in Penglai.<ref name=hallowedhalls1998>Template:Cite web</ref> Tengchow College was the first modern institution of higher learning in China.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Shandong University has eight campuses, all but two of which are located in the provincial capital city of Jinan. The rest are located in Weihai and Qingdao respectively.
Shandong University is constantly ranked the best university in Shandong province, and one of the top-ranked universities in the People's Republic of China. It is classified as a Double First Class University and was formerly part of both the Project 985 and Project 211 national key initiatives. Shandong University is among the Chinese universities with the most comprehensive range of academic disciplines, representing a typical comprehensive university that covers all major fields of study except military science.
As of 2024, twenty of its disciplines are ranked among the top 1% worldwide according to the ESI (Essential Science Indicators) rankings, with five disciplines ranked in the top 0.1%. The university has also signed intercollegiate cooperation agreements with more than 300 universities and institutions in over 30 countries and regions.
History
Traditional Learning in Shandong (1733-1901)
The Luoyuan Academy (Template:Lang-zh) was established in Jinan in 1733 by an imperial edict from the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.<ref name=luoyuanhudong>Template:Cite web</ref> The governor of Shandong, Yue Jun (Template:Lang-zh), received 1,000 taels of silver (approximately 37 kg) to fund the establishment of the academy.<ref name=luoyuanhudong/> The name "Luoyuan" (literally "source of the Luo [River]") refers to the original location of the academy near the Baotu Spring. The academy was dedicated to teaching the Chinese classics<ref name=luoyuanhudong/> to the sons of the gentry. Scholars affiliated with the academy include: Bi Yuan (畢沅, 1730–1797), Sang Tiaoyuan (桑调元, 1695–1771), Shen Qiyuan (沈起元, 1685–1763), He Shaoji (何紹基, 1799–1873), Kuang Yuan (匡源, 1815–1881), Wang Zhihan (王之翰, 1821–1850), Liu Yaochun (Template:Lang), Zhu Xuedu (朱学笃, 1826–1892), and Miao Quansun (缪荃孙, 1844–1919). In 1881, the American Presbyterian missionaries John Murray (Template:Lang-zh) and Stephen A. Hunter (Template:Lang-zh) attempted to purchase a property adjacent to the Luoyuan Academy for use as a chapel. This led to a violent reaction when on July 13, 1881, literati from the academy incited an attack on the property.<ref name=usdospapers>Template:Cite book</ref> The incident, known as the "Jinan Missionary Incident" (Template:Lang-zh), had considerable diplomatic repercussions for the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and the United States. The Luoyuan Academy was rebuilt in 1896 to become the largest institution of its kind in Shandong.<ref name=luoyuanhudong/> Five years later (in 1901) it was replaced by the newly founded Imperial Shandong College which took over its campus<ref name=sduhist/> (today the site of the Provincial Bureau of Statistics on Spring City Road (Template:Lang-zh)).
19th-Century Precursors
The earliest precursor institutions that would later be fused into Shandong University were founded by American and English mission agencies: In early January 1864, Calvin W. Mateer, an American Presbyterian missionary, and his wife Julia Brown Mateer, arrived in the recently opened treaty port of Dengzhou (Template:Lang-zh, now Zhifu, Yantai) in the area of the present-day city of Penglai on the north-eastern coast of Shandong Peninsula.<ref name=rmmateer1912>Robert McCheyne Mateer: Character-building in China: the life-story of Julia Brown Mateer, Fleming H. Revell Company, 1912</ref> Their journey had begun in New York on July 3, 1863, had taken them around the Cape of Good Hope to Shanghai, and had ended with a shipwreck off the coast of Yantai.<ref name=fisher1911>Daniel W. Fisher: Calvin Wilson Mateer, Forty-Five Years a Missionary in Shantung, China, A Biography, The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1911</ref> In the autumn of 1864, the Mateers opened an elementary school for boys, which was called Mengyang Educational Society (Template:Lang-zh), in a Guanyin temple that had been sold to them since there were insufficient funds for its upkeep as a temple.<ref name=rmmateer1912/> The school's first class consisted of six boarders and two day pupils.<ref name=rmmateer1912/> The school was enlarged to accommodate 30 boarders and divided into primary and high school sections in 1869.<ref name=rmmateer1912/> The high school became known as the Wenhui Guan (Template:Lang-zh). The Tengchow College of Liberal Arts was formally established in 1882,<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> i.e., at a time when the school had been operated as a primary and high school for 18 years already. By 1889, enrollment in the college had grown to 100 students.<ref name=lutz1971 /> The six-year curriculum included algebra, geometry and conic sections, trigonometry and measurement, surveying and navigation, analytical geometry and mathematical physics, calculus, as well as astronomy.<ref name=lutz1971/> Religion also featured prominently in the curriculum as well as in daily life at Tengchow College.<ref name=lutz1971/> The college soon enjoyed a reputation for its high standards of academic excellence.<ref name=Hu2009>Danian Hu: China and Albert Einstein: The Reception of the Physicist and His Theory in China, 1917–1979, Harvard University Press, June 30, 2009</ref> When W.A.P Martin hired young professors of Western learning for the Imperial University of Peking (the precursor of present-day Peking University), 12 out of 13 young professors hired were graduates of Tengchow College of Liberal Arts.<ref name=rmmateer1912/> In 1884, shortly after the formal establishment of Tengchow College of Liberal Arts, British Baptists established Tsingchow Boys' Boarding School in Qingzhou, also located in northern Shandong, but not directly on the coast.
In 1902, the American and British missionaries agreed to combine their education ventures in Shandong,<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> and established an arts college (Template:Lang-zh) in Weifang, a theological college (Template:Lang-zh) in Qingzhou, and a medical college (Template:Lang-zh) in Jinan.<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> In 1909, all three colleges were consolidated<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> into Shantung Protestant University (Template:Lang-zh) which was later renamed Shantung Christian University (Template:Lang-zh). "Cheeloo University", the school's informal name that had been officially approved by the school council in 1915, was derived from "Qilu", a nickname of Shandong Province coined after the ancient states of Qi (1046 BC–221 BC) and Lu (10th century BC–256 BC) that once existed in the area. Jinan was chosen as the new location for the consolidated university.<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/>
A prominent member of Cheeloo University's faculty was Henry Winters Luce (1868–1941), the father of the publisher Henry R. Luce (founder of TIME, Fortune, and Life). Henry W. Luce initially led the fundraising efforts for the new campus in Jinan<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> (today the Baotuquan Campus of Shandong University). In this capacity, he raised 300,000 dollars between 1912 and 1915 from donors in the United States.<ref name=haas1996>William Joseph Haas (1996): "China voyager: Gist Gee's life in Science", M.E. Sharpe</ref> The buildings on the new Cheeloo campus were designed by the architectural firm of Perkins, Fellows, & Hamilton from Chicago.<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> Henry W. Luce was elected vice-president of Cheeloo University in 1916, but resigned in the following year already, because he felt that he had insufficient support for his vision of a university of major national influence from the then Cheeloo president J. Percy Bruce.<ref name=haas1996/>
Cheeloo University particularly made its mark in the field of medicine: From 1914 to 1936, the university built and subsequently expanded Cheeloo Hospital as a major facility for medical education in China. Between 1916 and 1923, the former Peking Union Medical College, the Medical Department of Nanking University, the Hankow Medical College, and the North China Union Medical College for Women were all moved to Jinan and merged into the Cheeloo University School of Medicine under Dean and acting university president Samuel Cochran.<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Cheeloo University attracted Chinese intellectuals and scholars. The writer Lao She, author of the novel "Rickshaw Boy" and the play "Teahouse", taught at Cheeloo University (1930–1934) as well as at National Shandong University in Qingdao and other universities between 1934 and 1937.<ref name=rickshawboy>Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1937, when the Japanese forces occupied northern China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Cheeloo University evacuated to Sichuan and operated on the campus of West China Union University<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> in Chengdu. In Jinan, the university's hospital remained open with a largely Western staff.<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> During the war, the Japanese military used the entire campus for housing about 1,200 patients along with 600 officers.<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/>
During the Korean War (1950–1953), the Chinese government came to regard Christian schools as tools of "American imperialism" and hence embarked on closing them down.<ref name=lutz1971>Template:Cite book</ref> Cheeloo University was dissolved in 1952. Its Medical School was fused with Shandong Provincial Medical College and the East China Norman Bethune Medical College to form Shandong Medical College (renamed into "Shandong Medical University" in 1985).
Formal Establishment
The initiative for the founding of Shandong University (as Imperial Shandong University, Template:Lang-zh) in 1901 as a national, modern university came from Yuan Shikai, then the governor of Shandong province. Yuan Shikai was the chief military modernizer of the late Qing Dynasty whose control over a powerful army combined with his personal ambition played a key role in the birth of the Republic of China as well as its descent into warlordism in the early 20th century.<ref name=Zhao1996>Template:Cite book</ref>
Yuan Shikai had been governor of Shandong Province since December 1899. He had been appointed to this post to quell the Boxer Uprising in the province and to reassure the foreign diplomats in the country who were looking for quick decisive actions against the boxers.<ref name=Xiang>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1901, the same year that marked the end of the Boxer Uprising, Yuan sent a draft for the university charter (Template:Lang-zh) to the Guangxu Emperor and instructed Li Yukai, the magistrate of Penglai, to start preparations for the university.<ref name=sduhist/> The draft of the university charter was approved by the emperor in November 1901,<ref name=sduhist/> shortly after the Boxer Uprising had officially ended with the signing of the Boxer Protocol on September 7, 1901. Shandong Imperial University became hence the second modern national university established in the country after Imperial Capital University (Template:Lang-zh) that had been founded in 1898 and later became Peking University. The charter of Shandong Imperial University served as a model for subsequent foundations of imperial university. The original charter document for Shandong University is now kept in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan where it had been taken during the retreat of the Kuomintang at the end of the Chinese Civil War.
Governor Yuan Shikai wanted a prominent position for Western learning in the curriculum of the new college.<ref name=heeren1940>Template:Cite book</ref> Hence, he invited the American Presbyterian missionary Dr. Watson McMillan Hayes (Template:Lang-zh, 1857–1944) who was then serving as president of Tengchow College<ref name=lutz1971/> in Penglai to help with setting up the new Imperial Shandong University and serve as its president.<ref name=heeren1940/> The appointment of the Presbyterian missionary W. A. P. Martin as inaugural president of the Imperial Capital University three years earlier<ref name=pkunews2008>Template:Cite web</ref> had set a precedent for this arrangement. Hayes arrived in Jinan in July 1901 and started the preparations for the new college.<ref name=heeren1940/> Hayes also published Shandong's first successful daily newspaper and petitioned the Qing court to grant a holiday on Sundays;<ref name=1stuniv>Qu Zheng-Min, "China's first university"</ref> As a consequence, Shandong University was closed on Sundays right from the start.<ref name=heeren1940/> However, by the end of the year, Hayes and six Chinese Christian teachers he had brought with him had resigned already<ref name=heeren1940/> over disagreements regarding the policy of mandatory Confucius worship for students of the imperial university.<ref name=heyden2005>Ulrich van der Heyden (Editor), Holger Stoecker (Editor) 2005: "Mission und Macht im Wandel politischer Orientierungen", Franz Steiner Verlag</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Hayes went on to teach the Presbyterian Mission Theological Class in Chefoo (present-day Yantai) and continued to work as a missionary and educator in Shandong until his death in a Japanese internment camp in Wei County (present-day Weifang) in 1944.
Imperial Shandong University occupied the premises of the Luoyuan Academy which had been renovated and extended significantly five years earlier. It was opened on November 13, 1901, in a ceremony attended by Governor Yuan Shikai.<ref name=heeren1940/> 299 student were enrolled in the first term,<ref name=heeren1940/> of which 120 passed the first examination and 100 were finally admitted.<ref name=heeren1940/> The first faculty had 50 members that also included teachers from overseas,<ref name=sduhist/> it was later increased to 110. The curriculum contained Chinese classics, Chinese history, social sciences, natural sciences, and foreign language<ref name=sduhist/> with more than 20 subjects being taught.<ref name=sduhist/> At the beginning, the curriculum covered 3 years, but it was later expanded to 4 years.<ref name=sduhist/>
The first president of the new university was Zhou Xuexi.<ref>Editorial Committee (2001) Shandong University: A Century: 1901-2001 (Template:Lang-zh). Shandong University Press, Jinan, p. 6. Template:ISBN</ref><ref name="Former Presidents">Template:Cite web</ref>
In 1904, Imperial Shandong University moved to new premises in the Ganshi Qiao (Template:Lang-zh) area of Jinan<ref name=sduhist/> (located to the south-west of the historical city center) and changed its name to "Shandong Institution of Higher Learning" (Template:Lang-zh). In 1911, it changed its name once again, this time to the "School of Higher Learning" (Template:Lang-zh).
Qingdao Era (1909–36)
The first modern academic institution in the port city of Qingdao, then part of the German Kiautschou Bay colonial concession, was the German-Chinese "Advanced School of Special Sciences of a Special Type" ("Hochschule für Spezialwissenschaften mit besonderem Charakter", Template:Lang-zh). It was founded on October 25, 1909,<ref name=steen2006>Template:Cite book</ref> about 11 years after the German lease on the territory went into effect. In establishing the university, the German authorities took a much more accommodating approach towards the Chinese government than they had taken in the de facto annexation of the territory.<ref name=steinmetz2007>Template:Cite book</ref> The negotiations over the establishment of the school were led by sinologist Otto Franke.<ref name=steinmetz2007/> Although the German governor Oskar von Truppel vigorously objected to Chinese influence over the school,<ref name=steinmetz2007/> Franke's collaboration plan received firm backing from Admiral von Tirpitz as well as the German envoy in Beijing.<ref name=steinmetz2007/> The university operated under the supervision of the German naval administration, but was recognized and supported financially by the Chinese government.<ref name=steen2006/> The cumbersome name of the school ("spezial" or "tebie", i.e., "special") was chosen at the insistence of the Chinese government to reflect its special status, below the Imperial College in Beijing but above the other provincial Chinese universities.<ref name=steinmetz2007/> The local informal name for the university was "Hainan School" in reference to an old name for Qingdao.<ref name=kim2004>Template:Cite book</ref> Studies were organized in a "preparatory level" with a six-year (since 1911, five-year) curriculum for students aged 13 to 15 years and an "upper school".<ref name=kim2004/> Subjects covered included German, history, geography, mathematics, natural history, zoology, botany, health, physics, chemistry, drawing, music, sports, as well as Chinese language and sciences.<ref name=kim2004/> Whereas engineering and natural sciences were taught in an entirely "Western mode", the Chinese and European approaches were combined in the teaching of the humanities.<ref name=steinmetz2007/> Religious subjects had been excluded from the curriculum at the request of the Chinese government.<ref name=kim2004/> The number of students at the school rose to about 400 in 1914,<ref name=steen2006/> the school assembled a German and a Chinese library with about 5000 and 8000 volumes respectively.<ref name=kim2004/> School operations ceased with the beginning of the First World War in 1914<ref name=steen2006/><ref name=kim2004/> and never resumed.<ref name=steen2006/>
Qingdao reverted from Japanese to Chinese control in 1922 and Qingdao University was founded as a new private university in August 1924; its first president was Gao Enhong,<ref name=sduhist/><ref name=steen2006/> the governor of Qingdao (former Jiaozhou territory).<ref name=steen2006/> The former German-Chinese university was not mentioned during the opening ceremony and it was decided not to hire foreign teachers for the time being.<ref name=steen2006/>
Qingdao University was housed in the former Bismarck barracks that had been constructed for the German troops in 1903, i.e., during the time when Qingdao was part of the German concession in Shandong. The curriculum of Qingdao University was mainly focused on engineering and business administration<ref name=sduhist/> and a bachelor's degree was to be awarded after four years of study. Luo Ronghuan, later a marshal of the People's Liberation Army, was among Qingdao University's students. Qingdao University fell on hard times after the Zhili clique of warlords that had ruled Shandong since the takeover from the Japanese unexpectedly lost to its rival Fengtian clique in the Second Zhili–Fengtian War of 1924. Gao Enhong was forced to resign as president of the university and funding dried up.<ref name=sduhist/>
The Fengtian clique installed the warlord Zhang Zongchang as ruler of Shandong. Zhang, an illiterate former bandit<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> who had built a reputation mainly for ruthlessness, brutality, and colorful antics,<ref name=basestwlord>Template:Cite journal</ref> ordered the fusion of six schools into a provincial Shandong University (Template:Lang-zh) in Jinan in 1926.<ref name=sduhist/>
In 1928, the Kuomintang Government in Nanjing regained control of northern China and Shandong through the Northern Expedition. Soon afterwards, preparations commenced for a National University in the province.<ref name=sduhist/> In August 1928, the government ordered the replacement of the provincial Shandong University with a National University in Shandong.<ref name=sduhist/> The National University of Qingdao was formally established with an opening ceremony on September 21, 1930.<ref name=sduhist/> In 1932, it was renamed "National Shandong University". Like Qingdao University, Shandong National University was housed in the buildings of the former Bismarck barracks. The university's chancellor, Yang Zhensheng (Template:Lang-zh), followed the model set by Peking University in establishing an "inclusive" (Template:Lang-zh), "scientific and democratic" (Template:Lang-zh) academic environment.<ref name=sduhist/> During this period, Shandong National University hired distinguished scientists, scholars and literary figures such as Lao She, Wen Yiduo, Shen Congwen, Liang Shiqiu, the nuclear physicist Wang Ganchang (faculty member from 1934 to 1936), and the embryologist Tong Dizhou.<ref name=sduhist/> Poet Zang Kejia, who later co-edited the "Selected Poems of Chairman Mao" (Template:Lang-zh, 1957), was a student of Wen Yiduo from 1930 to 1934 in Qingdao.
Wartime (1937-49)
In November 1937, a few months after Marco Polo Bridge Incident that had marked the outbreak of a fully-fledged war in July of the same year, National Shandong University was evacuated from Qingdao. The university first moved to Anqing in Anhui Province and soon afterwards to Wanxian in Sichuan Province (today Wanzhou District in Chongqing).<ref name=sduhist/> Books, equipment, and administrative files were shipped in separate installments and suffered severe loss.<ref name=sduhist/> Classes resumed in Wanxian in Spring 1938, but were stopped soon after that on orders of the Ministry of Education.<ref name=sduhist/> Teachers and students were then transferred to the National Central University that had been moved from Nanjing to Chongqing<ref name=sduhist/> in the previous year. The books and equipment of Shandong University were placed into storage in the National Central Library, the National Central University, and the National Central Vocational School.<ref name=sduhist/> After the war, in the spring of 1946, the university moved back to Qingdao.<ref name=sduhist/>
From 1945 until May 1949, part of the Shandong University campus in Qingdao served as the headquarters for the U.S. Sixth Marine Division until it was disbanded on March 31, 1946 and later on for the U.S. Fleet Marine Force, Western Pacific.<ref name="xbli1998">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1947, the Su Mingcheng Incident, in which an American seaman had killed a rickshaw puller after an argument, caused protests of the university students.<ref name="xbli1998" /><ref name="cxgwei2002">Template:Cite book</ref>
Before the surrender of Japanese, in 1944, the Central China Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) decided to establish Huazhong Construction University (华中建设大学) on the basis of the Huazhonga Party School. The school was located in Xinpu, Xuyi County, in the border area of Jiangsu and Anhui. In August 1945, the school moved to Qingjiang City.
In August 1945, the Shandong Anti-Japanese People's Government of the CCP established Shandong University in Linyi, the capital of the communist base; to distinguish it from the National Shandong University, it was called Linyi Shandong University. In early 1946, Peng Kang, the president of Huazhong Construction University, led the teachers and students of the university to merge into Linyi Shandong University.<ref name="山大历史沿革">Template:Cite web</ref>
Shortly after Japanese withdrew from China, CCP and KMT fought the Chinese Civil War. In the summer of 1948, the East China Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party decided to establish East China University in Weifang by combining the former Linyi Shandong University with Huazhong Construction University. After Jinan was taken by the communists, East China University moved to Jinan in November. In the winter of 1950, after KMT and US Navy left Qingdao, it was ordered to move to Qingdao, and in 1951 it merged with Shandong University in Qingdao.<ref name="山大历史沿革"/>
Early Time in PRC (1949–65)
Template:Further Template:Multiple images In 1951, East China University (Template:Lang-zh) was merged into Shandong University. In the same year, the university published the "Journal of Shandong University". Cheeloo University was dissolved in 1952 and its Medical School became part of Shandong Medical College. Prior to the Sino-Soviet split, Soviet faculty members worked at Shandong University. In October 1958, the university moved back to Jinan from Qingdao. The marine sciences remained in Qingdao, where they later formed Shandong Ocean University.<ref name=sduhist/> In Jinan, Shandong University first occupied the Hongjialou Campus.<ref name=sduhist/> Construction of the new Central Campus commenced in 1959, during the Great Leap Forward and in the year of a great Yellow River flood. Shandong University was added to the list of National Key University on October 10, 1960.Template:Citation needed
Cultural Revolution (1966–76)
Starting from early June 1966, schools in Jinan were closed down by strikes as teachers were "struggled against" in the Cultural Revolution.<ref name="gov1966up">Template:Cite web</ref> Shandong University was also completely paralyzed by the events.<ref name=sduhist/> A complete restructuring was imposed on Shandong's university system: according to a resolution passed by the Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province on July 29, 1970, the liberal arts of Shandong University were moved to Qufu and combined with Qufu Normal College to form a new Shandong University.<ref name=provrec1970>Template:Cite web</ref> The biology department was moved to Tai'an and merged into the Shandong Agricultural College.<ref name=provrec1970/> The rest of the sciences was to form the Shandong Science and Technology University.<ref name=provrec1970/> In 1971, the university's admission policy was also changed: in order to open the university to workers and peasants, new students were now nominated "by the masses" and then approved by the political leadership and the university.<ref name=sduhist/> Until 1976, a total of 3267 students who were admitted under this scheme graduated after completing a 2- or 3-year curriculum.<ref name=sduhist/> Premier Zhou Enlai learned of Shandong University's reorganization in 1973. Although he was already terminally ill with bladder cancer at the time, he intervened and ordered a return to previous structure of the university.<ref name=sduhist/> As a consequence, all organizational changes imposed by the Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province were undone in early 1974.<ref name=provrec1974>Template:Cite web</ref>
Recent history (1980–present)
Shandong University Weihai Campus was established in 1984. In 1985, Shandong Medical College was renamed Shandong Medical University. From 1986 to 1996, Shandong University underwent a period of rapid academic expansion.<ref name=sduhist/> By 1997, is contained 14 colleges, 45 schools and offered 56 undergraduate program, 57 master's degree programs as well as 17 doctoral degree programs.<ref name=sduhist/> Shandong University merged with Shandong Medical University and the Shandong University of Technology in 2000. With Shandong Medical University the former campus of Cheeloo University became part of Shandong University (as the West Campus, renamed Baotuquan Campus in 2009). The campus of Shandong University of Technology became the South Campus of Shandong University (renamed Qianfoshan Campus in 2009). Construction of the Xinglongshan Campus (then under the name "New South Campus"), a large new campus located in a mountain valley to the south of Jinan dedicated to education of first- and second-year undergraduate students, began in 2003.Template:Citation needed
In July 2019, the university attracted controversy when it was reported that male foreign students were assigned three generally female Chinese "buddies" to help them with life in China. An application form for the study program even mentioned "making foreign friends of the opposite sex". The university subsequently apologized but dismissed reports of male international students being paired with three female domestic students, saying that the language on the application form was "improper expression" due to "insufficient checks". The incident led to complaints about foreign students receiving too many privileges.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Establishment | Established by | Year established | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luoyuan Academy (Template:Lang-zh) | Qing Emperor | 1733 | Jinan |
| Tengchow College of Liberal Arts (Template:Lang-zh) |
American Presbyterians | 1882 | Dengzhou (part of Penglai) |
| Tsingchow Boys' Boarding School (Template:Lang-zh) |
British Baptists | 1884 | Qingzhou |
| Arts College at Weixian Template:Lang-zh |
American Presbyterians & British Baptists | 1902 | Weixian (i.e., Wei County, today the city of Weifang) |
| Theological College at Qingzhou Template:Lang-zh |
American Presbyterians & British Baptists | 1902 | Qingzhou (part of Weifang) |
| Medical College Template:Lang-zh |
American Presbyterians & British Baptists | 1902 | Jinan |
| Shandong Imperial University (Template:Lang-zh) |
Qing Emperor | 1901 | Jinan |
| Shandong Institution of Higher Learning (Template:Lang-zh) |
Qing Emperor | 1904 | Jinan |
| Cheeloo University/Shantung Protestant University (later renamed to Shantung Christian University, Template:Lang-zh) |
American Presbyterians & British Baptists | 1909 | Jinan |
| Advanced School of Special Sciences of a Special Type (Hochschule für Spezialwissenschaften mit besonderem Charakter, Template:Lang-zh) |
German Empire & Qing Dynasty | 1909 | Qingdao |
| School of Higher Learning (Template:Lang-zh) |
1911 | Jinan | |
| Shandong Provincial Law and Politics College | 1914 | Jinan | |
| Shandong Provincial Industrial College | 1914 | Jinan | |
| Shandong Provincial Commercial College | 1914 | Jinan | |
| Shandong Provincial Medical College | 1920 | Jinan | |
| Shandong Provincial College of Mineralogy | 1920 | Jinan | |
| Qingdao University | (Private) | 1924 | Qingdao |
| Shandong Provincial University (Template:Lang-zh) |
Warlord Zhang Zongchang | 1926 | Jinan |
| National Shandong University (Template:Lang-zh) |
Republic of China | 1932 | Qingdao |
| University Property Protection Committee of National Shandong University | Republic of China | 1938 | Sichuan |
| Huazhong Construction University | Chinese Communist Party | 1944 | Jiangsu |
| Linyi Shandong University | Chinese Communist Party | 1945 | Linyi |
| National Shandong University | Republic of China | 1946 | Qingdao |
| Huadong (East China) University (Template:Lang-zh) |
1948 | Weixian (today the city of Weifang) | |
| Shandong University | 1951 | Qingdao | |
| Qingdao Medical College | 1956 | Qingdao | |
| Shandong College of Oceanography (now Ocean University of China, Qingdao) | 1959 | Qingdao | |
| Shandong University (Template:Lang-zh) |
1958 | Jinan | |
| Liberal Arts Departments are combined with Qufu Teachers College | Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province | 1970 | Qufu |
| Department of Biology becomes part of Shandong Agricultural College | Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province | 1970 | Tai'an |
| Department of Science and the Administration built into Shandong University of Science and Technology | Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province | 1970 | Jinan |
| Shandong University | P.R. China | 1974 | Jinan |
Reputation and ranking
Template:Main Template:Infobox Chinese university ranking
Shandong University was one of the Project 985 universities in China to appear in the world's top 500 universities in the first global university ranking in 2003, according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The joint THE-QS World University Rankings 2005 ranked Shandong University =282nd in the world.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the general university ranking performed by the Chinese University Alumni Association (CUAA), Shandong University ranked number 14 among Top 100 Chinese universities in 2010.<ref name=cuaa2010>Template:Cite web</ref> It reached the 11th highest score in the "teaching" category of this ranking.<ref name=cuaa2010/> Shandong University's engineering programs have also been ranked number 15 nationwide by the Research Center of Management and Science in China (2008).<ref name=eval2008>Wu Shu Lian, "2008 Chinese University Evaluation Report" (in Chinese)</ref> For the last 10 years, Shandong University has been continuously ranked among the top 10 universities nationwide in terms of the number of publications included in the Science Citation Index.<ref name="vigor">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> Research at Shandong University is deemed particular strong in the areas of physics, mathematics, and medicine.<ref name=vigor/> A ranking by Mines ParisTech based on the number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies placed Shandong University first within China.
The 2024 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Shandong University at 15th in the world based on their publications for the time period 2019–2022.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2024, it ranked 59th among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Shandong University ranked 18th among the leading universities globally in the Nature Index 2025 Annual Tables by Nature Research, that measure the high-quality research published in 82 high-quality science journals.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Academic Ranking of World Universities, also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed the university 101th-150th in the world.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Shandong University ranked 168th worldwide and 36th in Asia in the CWUR World University Ranking 2025.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
| Department | Assessment |
|---|---|
| Mathematics | A+ |
| Chinese Language and Literature | A |
| Marxist Theory | A |
| Applied Economics | A− |
| Foreign Language and Literature | A− |
| Control Science and Engineering | A− |
| Pharmacy | A− |
| Business Administration | A− |
| Philosophy | B+ |
| Theoretical Economics | B+ |
| Law | B+ |
| Political Science | B+ |
| Archaeology | B+ |
| Chinese History | B+ |
| Physics | B+ |
| Chemistry | B+ |
| Biology | B+ |
| Statistics | B+ |
| Mechanical Engineering | B+ |
| Material Science | B+ |
| Electrical Engineering | B+ |
| Computer Science and Technology | B+ |
| Civil Engineering | B+ |
| Environmental Science and Engineering | B+ |
| Software Engineering | B+ |
| Basic Medicine | B+ |
| Clinical Medicine | B+ |
| Nursing | B+ |
| Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics | B |
| Information and Communication Engineering | B |
| Stomatology | B |
| Public Health and Preventive Medicine | B |
| Management Science and Engineering | B |
| Public Administration | B |
| Sociology | B− |
| Journalism and Communication | B− |
| Ecology | B− |
| Optical Engineering | B− |
| Electronic Science and Technology | B− |
| World History | C+ |
| Chemical Engineering and Technology | C+ |
| Biomedical Engineering | C+ |
| Mechanics | C |
| Water Conservancy Engineering | C |
Administration
At the top level, Shandong University is governed by a president (Template:Lang-zh) and a cabinet of vice presidents (Template:Lang-zh), each with a specific portfolio of responsibilities (e.g., research, international exchange). Central administrative departments (e.g., for finance, human resources, research, or international affairs) are led by a director (Template:Lang-zh). Below the central administration, the university is organized by subject area into 31 faculties that are referred to as "Schools" (Template:Lang-zh) as well as a graduate school. Each school is headed by a dean (Template:Lang-zh) and may be divided further into departments headed by a chairperson. Academic programs are offered in 11 main disciplines: philosophy, economics, law, literature, history, natural sciences, engineering, management, medicine, education, and military science. There are 104 undergraduate degree programs, 209 master's degree programs, and 127 doctoral degree programs. In addition, there are seven professional master's degree programs in law, business management, engineering, clinical medicine, public health, dentistry, and public administration.
The student population is around 57,500 full-time students, of which 14,500 are postgraduate students, and over 1,000 are foreign students (data from 2009).<ref name=vigor/>
The major research efforts at Shandong University are organized in 34 national, provincial, and ministerial key academic disciplines, two national key research labs, 21 provincial and ministerial key research labs, a national engineering and technology promotion center, 10 provincial technology research centers, three national basic scientific research and personnel development bases; three social science key research bases approved by Ministry of Education; and three national fundamental science personnel development bases. Among its faculty are 23 members (including adjuncts) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Three general hospitals, including Qilu Hospital, and 12 teaching hospitals are affiliated with the university. The university library houses a collection of over 3,550,000 items.
Schools and departments
- School of Business Administration
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Civil Engineering
- School of Computer Science and Technology
- School of Control Science and Engineering
- School of Dentistry
- School of Economics
- School of Electrical Engineering
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Fine Arts
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature
- School of History and Culture
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- School of International Education
- School of Journalism
- School of Law
- School of Life Science
- School of Literature and Journalism
- School of Macroelectronics
- School of Marxist Theory Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Mathematics and System Sciences
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- School of Medicine
- School of Nursing
- School of Pharmacy
- School of Philosophy and Social Development
- School of Physical Education
- School of Physics
- School of Political Science and Public Administration
- School of Public Health
- Taishan College (honor school)
- Nishan College (honor school)
- General Study Program
Campuses
Shandong University has a total of seven campuses. All but two of them are located in Jinan, the capital city of Shandong Province. Together they cover an area of 3.8 km2. There are two campuses outside Jinan, one is located in Qingdao, and another is in Weihai.
| Current name | Old name | Address and location |
|---|---|---|
| Central Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | East New Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Template:Coord |
| Hongjialou Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | East Old Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | 5 Hongjialou, Jinan, Template:Coord |
| Baotuquan Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | West Campus (Template:Lang-zh), formerly the campus of Cheeloo University | 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan, Template:Coord |
| Qianfoshan Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | South Campus (Template:Lang-zh), formerly the campus of the Shandong University of Technology | 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Template:Coord |
| Xinglongshan Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | New South Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | 2550 Erhuan Donglu, Jinan, Template:Coord |
| Ruanjianyuan Campus ((Template:Lang-zh) | Qilu Software College Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | Shunhua Road, Jinan, Template:Coord |
| Weihai Campus (Template:Lang-zh) | 180 Wenhua Xilu, Weihai, Template:Coord | |
| Qingdao Campus (Template:Lang-zh, satellite campus, first phase inaugurated September 2016, under construction) | Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao |
Central Campus
Construction of the Central Campus commenced in 1959, about a year after the university had moved back from Qingdao to Jinan<ref name=sduhist/> and during a time that coincided with the Great Leap Forward, the Great Chinese Famine, as well as a devastating flood of the Yellow River (in July 1959). The Central Campus houses the central administration (in the Mingde Building, Template:Lang-zh), the main university library, a large dining hall, as well as student dormitories. The central campus is home to the schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Economics, History and Culture, Marxism–Leninism, Life Sciences, Mathematics and System Science, Literature and Journalism and Communication, as well as Information Science and Engineering. One of Shandong University's hotels (Template:Lang-zh, or for short: "Xueren Dasha", Template:Lang-zh) is also located on the central campus. The roads within the Central Campus are named after concepts from Confucianism.
Hongjialou Campus
The Hongjialou Campus derives its name from the Hongjialou Square and is located immediately to the north and east of the Square and the Sacred Heart Cathedral (Template:Lang-zh). The first construction on the campus dates back to 1936 when it was used for the Jinan Yifan Girls' Middle School (Template:Lang-zh) that was operated by Franciscan sisters (Template:Lang-zh) of the Archdiocese of Jinan.<ref name=sdinfobase>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1948, the Yifan Girls' Middle School was combined with Liming Middle School (Template:Lang-zh) and its former campus became part of the Shandong Agricultural Institute that used it until 1958, when the Institute moved to Tai'an. In October 1958, the Hongjialou Campus became Shandong University's first Campus after the university moved back to Jinan from Qingdao.<ref name=sduhist/> The Hongjialou Campus houses the Schools of Law, Foreign Languages and Literature as well as Fine Arts.
Baotuquan Campus
Template:FurtherTemplate:Multiple image
The Baotuquan Campus is the former campus of Cheeloo University and was established in 1909. The design for the campus was made by Perkins, Fellows and Hamilton, an architectural firm from Chicago renowned for its school buildings in the "Prairie School" style. The American architects attempted to include Chinese architectural features into the design of the buildings on the new Cheeloo University campus in Jinan. They did, however, mistakenly assume that the roof shape was the only distinguishing feature of Chinese architecture.<ref name=cody1996>Template:Cite journal</ref> As a result, the buildings feature Chinese-style roofs on buildings that lack the matching support elements such as wooden Dougong brackets that characterize Chinese architecture. Historical buildings on the Baotuquan Campus include the Bergen Science Hall (Template:Lang-zh, formerly for Chemistry and Biology), the Mateer Science Hall (formerly for Physics and Physiology), the McCormick Hall, and the Alumni Gate (the former main entrance, construction completed on June 17, 1924). Baotuquan Campus houses the schools of public health, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, and medicine.
Qianfoshan Campus
The Qianfoshan Campus was established in 1949 and served as the campus of Shandong University of Technology. It became a part of Shandong University when Shandong University of Technology was merged into Shandong University in July 2000. The campus has a total area of about 420,000 square meters and remains exclusively dedicated to engineering.Template:Citation needed It is home to the schools of Materials Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, Control Science and Engineering, Energy and Power Engineering, Physical Education, as well as Civil Engineering. The roads on the Qianfoshan Campus are named after famous engineers and inventors from China as well as abroad.
Xinglongshan Campus
The Xinglongshan Campus is the newest campus of Shandong University and also its largest campus in Jinan with an area of about 769,000 square meters.<ref name=newsouthcampusoverview>Template:Cite web</ref> Construction of the campus started in March 2003 and its first facilities were ready for use in August 2004.<ref name=sduvisitconstr>Template:Cite web</ref> The campus is used to house first- and second-year students of nine different departments. The Xinglongshan Campus also houses a Student Associations Activity Center with a total floor space of about 2000 square meters.<ref name=sdualumnnews>Template:Cite web</ref>
Qilu Software College Campus
The Qilu Software College Campus is home to the School of Computer Science and Technology as well as to the university's Software College.<ref name=swcollege>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> Campus construction started in July 2001 and the campus now has a total area of about 267,000 square meters.<ref name=swcollege/> More than 3,000 students live on the Qilu Software College Campus. The campus is located next to a cluster of commercial software ventures, such as the China International ICT Innovation Cluster (CIIIC) and shares educational resources with these businesses.
Weihai Campus
Shandong University Weihai Campus was established in 1984,<ref name=sduweihai>Template:Cite web</ref> its campus covers a total area of about 1 million square meters,<ref name=sduweihai/> making it the largest campus of Shandong University. Shandong University Weihai Campus is organized in 13 departments that include the College of Korean Studies, the Business School, the Law School, the School of Journalism and Communication, the Art Institute, the College of Ocean Science, the School of Information Engineering, the School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Space Science and Physics, the Mathematics and Statistics Institute, the School of International Education, and the College of Vocational and Technical Training.<ref name=sduweihai/> To the west of the Weihai campus lies the Shandong University Academic Center, a beach-front hotel and conference center.
Qingdao Campus
Construction of the Qingdao Campus started in March 2011 and the first development phase was inaugurated in September 2016. The campus is located north of Xingshi Zhuang Village (Template:Lang-zh) in Aoshanwei Town (Template:Lang-zh) that is part of Jimo City and located to the northeast of Qingdao. The campus site is immediately adjacent to the seashore of Aoshan Bay and the coastal highway (Template:Lang-zh). The total planning area covers about two million square meters, 43 percent of which are included in the first construction phase. When completed, the Qingdao Campus will have a capacity of 30,000 students; recruitment of the first class of 5,000 freshman students is planned for the fall of 2013.<ref name=shenzhendaily2010>Template:Cite web</ref> The construction cost is estimated at 800 million Chinese Yuan (about 124 million US Dollars). The architecture of the new campus is intended to blend Chinese and western elements. Many buildings will incorporate the red roofs and other building style elements of the German colonial architecture in Qingdao. The master plan for the campus was developed by Perkins Eastman (New York). One of the founders of Perkins Eastman, Bradford Perkins is the grandson of Dwight H. Perkins, whose firm (Perkins, Fellows, & Hamilton) designed the Cheeloo University campus in Jinan. The campus will be dedicated to advanced science and engineering research, with a special emphasis on interfacing with high-tech industry and international academic collaboration. It is part of a plan to give Shandong University a presence that is distributed throughout the province<ref name=shenzhendaily2010/> in a manner that is comparable to the University of California system, but retains a greater level of central control.<ref name=shenzhendaily2010/>
International Cooperation
Shandong University has established an international network for educational cooperation and has signed exchange agreements with over 70 universities from over 50 countries. Shandong also is associated in a sister school for American Middle Schools and Junior Highs, including Scofield Magnet Middle School. Among its faculty are international researchers and scholars, who either visit for a short term (less than 1 month, 160 visitors in 2009), a medium term (less than half a year, 70 visitors in 2009), or for the long term (more than half a year, 80 visitors in 2009). Of the 80 long-term international faculty members, 30 language scholars teach languages such as English, Japanese, Korean, French, German, Spanish, and Russian. The others are active in disciplines such as philosophy, biology, chemistry, physics, law, international politics and economics, as well as Chinese classics and traditional philosophy.
About 1500 international students from about 40 countries come to study at Shandong University each year. An international student population numbering more than 1000 can be found on campus at any given time during the semester. Most of these international students come from Asian and African countries, but there are also students from Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Since 1980, Shandong University has received more than 10,000 students from over 60 countries. Popular study subjects are Chinese language and culture, but also economics and medicine. Furthermore, Shandong University participates in international short term exchange programs and receives approximately 2500 international student visitors for such programs per year.
In 2006, Shandong University created a joint urban research center with the University of Cincinnati in the United States, and a presence on each other's campus.<ref>Trip to Promote UC's China Strategy Pays Off in First Comprehensive Agreement With Chinese University</ref> An International Laboratory operated in the a partnership with Virginia Tech was inaugurated in the Integrated Research Building on the Central Campus in August 2010. The laboratory focuses on a biophysics and engineering analysis of biological model systems drawn from China's biodiversity.<ref name=sdumedia2010>Template:Cite web</ref> Shandong University is a partner university of the Study China Programme, which is coordinated by the University of Manchester and funded by the UK Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Research Centers
State Key Laboratories
- State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials
- State Laboratory for Microbial Technology
National Engineering Laboratory
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Reduction of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission
National Research Center
- National Glycoengineering Research Center
Ministry of Education Key Laboratories
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology
- Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research
- Key Laboratory for Cryptologic Technology and Information Security
- Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control
Ministry of Health Key Laboratories
- Key Laboratory for Otolaryngology
Key Research Base of the Ministry of Education in Humanities and Social Sciences
- Center for Zhouyi and Ancient Chinese Philosophy
- Center for Judaic and Inter-Religious Studies
- Institute for Literary Theory and Aesthetics
- Institute for Contemporary Socialism
National Research Institutes
- Institute for Crystal Materials
- Institute for Microbiology
- Institute for Infrared and Remote Sensing Technology
Research Centers of Shandong Province
- Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center
- Laboratory for Risk Analysis and Random Calculus
- Institute for Religion, Science, and Social Studies
- Number Theory at Shandong University
- High Energy Physics Group
- Oriental Archaeology Research Center
- Center for Economic Research
- Center for Health Management & Policy
- Center for European Studies
- Center for Space Thermal Science
- Center for Japanese Studies
- Key Laboratory for Otolaryngology
- Modern Logistics Research Center
- Institute of ECIWO Biology
University hospitals
Shandong University Qilu Hospital
Qilu Hospital was established as the hospital of Cheeloo University. Construction started in 1914 and was supervised by Harold Balme<ref name=hallowedhalls1998/> (1878–1953), a British physician from King's College Hospital in London,<ref name=bmj1953>Template:Cite journal</ref> who would later serve as the third president of Cheeloo University (from 1921 until 1927).<ref name=bmj1953/> The first building of the new hospital (today known as the "Republican Building") was inaugurated on September 27, 1915, by the military governor of Shandong, Jin Yunpeng. About 20 years later, the hospital moved to a new building (completed in 1936) and the old building was used by Cheeloo University's School of Medicine. Today, the Shandong University Qilu Hospital as a total capacity of 1,800 beds<ref name=qiluhosp>"About Qilu Hospital" - official website of Qilu Hospital (in Chinese) Template:Webarchive</ref> and treats more than 1.9 million outpatient treatments per year.<ref name=qiluhosp/> It has departments include cardiology, internal medicine, hematology, gynecology and obstetrics, otolaryngology, general surgery, neurosurgery, and pediatrics.<ref name=qiluhosp/> The hospital is located at Wenhua West Road 107 in Jinan.
Second Hospital of Shandong University
The Second Hospital of Shandong University has a capacity of about 2431 beds and has departments for neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, and internal medicine.<ref name=2ndhosp>Template:Cite web</ref> The hospital is managed by the National Medical Department and affiliated with Shandong University,<ref name=2ndhosp/> it is located at Beiyuan Street 247 in Jinan.
Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University
The Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University was founded in 1977. It has 105 employees and is organized into four research centers and two laboratories.<ref name=stomhosp>Template:Cite web</ref> It is located at Wenhua West Road 44 in Jinan.
Identity
Motto and Slogan
The official university motto is "Noble in Spirit, Boundless in Knowledge"<ref name=mottoen/> (Template:Lang-zh);<ref name=mottocn/> it was adopted in Template:Citation needed span The university also uses the branding slogan "Soul of the mountains, spirit of the sea" (Template:Lang-zh) in reference to Shandong's geographical nature as a mountainous peninsula.Template:Citation needed At the main entrance gate (south gate) to the university's Central Campus, an inscription defines the mission of the university as "Preparing talents for the world; Striving for the prosperity and strength of the country"<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (Template:Lang-zh).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The official lettering is a reproduction of calligraphy written by Mao Zedong. In March 1964, during the period between the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, Mao wrote the characters in the address of a thank-you note to Gao Heng, a professor at Shandong University who had sent him literature.<ref name=gaomao>Template:Cite web</ref>
Anthem
The official anthem of Shandong University (Template:Lang) was written by lyricist Cheng Fangwu (Template:Lang), modified by a group of people, and composer Zheng Lvcheng (Template:Lang).<ref name=sduanthem>Template:Cite web</ref> The lyrics of the official anthem are:
The song of Shandong University (Template:Lang) was written by lyricist Qiao Yu (Template:Lang),<ref name=sdusong>Template:Cite web</ref> who also wrote the lyrics for My Motherland, and composer Gu Jianfen (Template:Lang),<ref name=sdusong/> both natives of Shandong Province. The lyrics of the anthem are:<ref name=sdusong/> Template:Quote frame
Logo
The core of the pattern is based on the Chinese characters "山" (meaning Mountain, and also the abbreviation of Shandong) and "大" (meaning University) as the basic design elements, and is transformed using modern deformation techniques, making it easy to identify. The logo is simple and bright, easy to produce and disseminate. The school emblem combines straight and curved lines, and is both rigid and flexible, stable and dynamic. It is upward-developing, full of vitality and vigor, full of modernity and rhythm, and has a strong visual impact and rich imagination.
The entire pattern is symmetrical, stable, and balanced, full of the style of a great university and a famous school. The "山" character at the top of the pattern is a deformation of the Chinese pictographic character "山", which is full of Chinese cultural characteristics. The deformation of the "山" character has an upward trend, implying that Shandong University is constantly developing and striving to create a world-class university. The bottom is a deformation of the "大" character, which looks like a vast ocean, implying that the sea of knowledge is endless. The integration of "山" and "海" easily reminds people of "there is a path to the mountain of books, and diligence is the path; there is no end to the sea of knowledge, and hard work is the boat" (Template:Lang-zh), which shows the spirit of Shandong University teachers and students who are diligent in seeking knowledge and bravely climbing the peak of science. At the same time, it emphasizes the university culture of "soul of the mountains, spirit of the sea" (Template:Lang-zh).
List of university presidents
- Tang Shaoyi, 1901
- Zhou Xuexi, 1901, later became 2-term Finance Minister of the Republic of China
- Wang Shoupeng, president of Provincial Shandong University in Jinan, 1926–1927
- Yang Zhensheng, president of National Shandong University in Qingdao, 1930–1932
- Zhao Taimou, president of National Shandong University in Qingdao, 1932–1936 and 1946–1949
- Lin Jiqing, (acting) president of National Shandong University in Qingdao, 1936–1946
- Hua Gang, president of Shandong University (Qingdao), 1951–1955
- Chao Zhefu, president of Shandong University (Qingdao), 1956–1958
- Cheng Fangwu, president of Shandong University (Jinan), 1958–1974
- Wu Fuheng, 1979–1984
- Deng Conghao, 1984–1986
- Pan Chengdong, 1986–1997
- Zeng Fanren, 1998–2000
- Zhan Tao, 2000–2008
- Xu Xianming, 2008–2013
- Zhang Rong, 2013–2017
- Fan Liming, 2017–2022
- Li Shucai, 2022–present
Notable faculty and alumni
- Lao She (1899–1966), writer, author of the novel "Rickshaw Boy" and the play "Teahouse"
- Feng Yuanjun (1900–1974), writer and scholar of Chinese classical literature and literary history
- Gao Heng (1900–1986), pioneer in the modern interpretation of the I Ching, corresponded with Mao Zedong
- Ji Xianlin (1911–2009), linguist, paleographer, historian, writer
- Jīn Xuěfēi (1956-, pen name Ha Jin), writer, publishes in English, winner of the American National Book Award (1999)
- James Veneris (1922-2004), American soldier in the Korean War who defected, English professor
- Li Congjun (1949– ), president of Xinhua News Agency (since 2008)
- Liang Shiqiu (1903–1987), writer and translator, translated the complete works of Shakespeare and George Orwell's Animal Farm into Chinese
- Lydia H. Liu, comparative literature scholar, Columbia University, 1997 Guggenheim Fellow
- Lu Kanru (1903–1978), scholar of classical Chinese literature
- Luo Ronghuan (1902–1963), Marshall of the People's Liberation Army, served as security chief during the Long March
- Ma Ruifang (1949– ), author and scholar, studied works of Pu Songling
- Mo Yan (1955– ), novelist and author of short stories, winner of Nobel Prize in Literature 2012
- Peng Shige (1947– ), mathematician contributed to stochastic analysis and mathematical finance
- Shen Congwen (1902–1988), writer combining vernacular and classical Chinese writing techniques
- Tong Dizhou (1902–1979), embryologist and vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wang Ganchang (1907–1998), nuclear physicist (student of Lise Meitner) and one of the principal contributors to the Chinese nuclear deterrent
- Wang Pu (1902–1969), nuclear physicist (also a student of Lise Meitner) and founder of Shandong University's School of Physics
- Wang Tongzhao (王统照, 1897–1957), novelist and poet, author of the novel "Mountain Rain" and head of Shandong University's Chinese Department<ref name=McDougall1999>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Wang Xiaoyun (1966– ), mathematician, demonstrated collision attacks against commonly used hash functions
- Wen Yiduo (1899–1946), poet and scholar, author of poetry influenced by Western models, wrote poetry collections Hongzhu (紅燭, "Red Candle") and Sishui (死水, "Dead Water")
- Wu Aiying (1951– ), Minister of Justice of China (since 2005)
- Xiang Huaicheng (1939– ), economist and former Minister of Finance of China
- Zang Kejia (1905–2004), poet, chief editor of Poetry magazine, co-edited the "Selected Poems of Chairman Mao"
- Zhang Dongju (1982-), famous Chinese archeologist
- Zhao Xiao (1967–), economist, argued that China's economy would benefit from the spread of Christianity
- Zhou Ming-Zhen (1918–1996), paleontologist, worked on early tertiary mammals
-
Wang Ganchang was a PhD student of Lise Meitner (co-discoverer of nuclear fission) at the Humboldt University of Berlin and became one of the fathers of China's atomic bomb
-
Wen Yiduo, studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, became a poet, and was assassinated by Kuomintang agents
-
Ji Xianlin, a famous Chinese Indologist, linguist, paleographer, historian and writer who has been honored by the governments of both India and China
-
Luo Ronghuan, who served as a Vice Chair of the Standing Committee of the National People's CongressLuo Ronghuan, who served as a Vice Chair of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
-
Mo Yan, who became the first Chinese laureate of Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012
-
Ma Jiantang, who studied economics in Shandong University as an undergraduate, now is the party branch secretary of Development Research Center of the State Council
-
Peng Shige, member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a mathematician noted for his contributions in stochastic analysis and mathematical finance
See also
Other academic institutions in Jinan (not part of Shandong University):
- University of Jinan (Template:Lang-zh)
- Shandong Normal University (Template:Lang-zh)
- Shandong Jianzhu University (Template:Lang-zh)
- Shandong Jiaotong University Template:Webarchive (Template:Lang-zh)
- Shandong University of Finance and Economics (Template:Lang-zh)
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Template:Lang-zh)
- Shandong University of Arts (Template:Lang-zh)