Somerton, Somerset

Somerton (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is a town and civil parish in the English county of Somerset. It gave its name to the county and was briefly, around the start of the 14th century, the county town, and around 900 was possibly the capital of Wessex. It has held a weekly market since the Middle Ages, and the main square with its market cross is today popular with visitors. Situated on the River Cary, approximately Template:Convert north-west of Yeovil, Somerton has its own town council serving a population of 4,697 as of 2011.<ref name="popn">Template:Cite web</ref>

Residents are often referred to locally as Somertonians.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The civil parish includes the hamlets of Etsome, Hurcot, Catsgore, and Catcombe.

Archaeological remains at Somerton are evidence of a Celtic settlement. The discovery of a high status cemetery in 2019, suggests that these local people adopted a more Roman lifestyle.<ref name="Guardian">Template:Cite news</ref> During the Anglo-Saxon era, Somerton was an important political and commercial centre. After the Norman conquest of England the importance of the town declined, despite being the county town of Somerset in the late thirteenth century and early fourteenth century. Having lost county town status, Somerton then became a market town in the Middle Ages, whose economy was supported by transport systems using the River Parrett, and later rail transport via the Great Western Railway, and by light industries including glove making and gypsum mining.

In the centre of Somerton the wide market square, with its octagonal roofed market cross, is surrounded by old houses, while close by is the 13th century Church of St Michael and All Angels. Somerton also had links with Muchelney Abbey in the Middle Ages. The BBC drama The Monocled Mutineer was filmed in Somerton from 1985 to 1986.<ref name=stewart>Template:Cite book</ref>

History

Archaeological evidence uncovered in 2019 indicates the existence of a Celtic settlement which pre-dates any written records of the area. The grave goods found suggest the local population were of a high status and adopted a Roman lifestyle, with the older and newer graves showing marked differences in burial customs.<ref name="Guardian"/>

The earliest written reference to the town is in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which records that in 733 the King of Wessex, Æthelheard lost control of Somerton to Æthelbald, King of Mercia.<ref name="completesomerset"/> Somerton was the site of the 949 meeting of the witan, a form of Anglo-Saxon parliament.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The town returned to West Saxon royal control in the ninth century,<ref name="arch">Template:Cite web</ref> and it was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Sumertone". The name may come from Old English for "sea-lake enclosure", "summer town" or "summer farmstead".<ref name="completesomerset">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Somerton name was extended to the people in the area it controlled, and this area became known as Somerset, although Somerton soon ceased to be the most important settlement and never grew into a large town.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The parish was the largest in the Hundred of Somerton.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was, briefly, the county town of Somerset from the late thirteenth century into the early fourteenth century.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> A building referred to as "Somerset castle" is believed to have been built around 1280 as a county gaol,<ref name=facts/> with a visitor in 1579 describing the remaining portion as "an old tower embattled about castle-like".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was owned by Sir Ralph Cromwell between 1423 and 1433.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Details are vague and visible remains have vanished,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> so its status as a castle and its very existence is in doubt, with one writer, D.J.C. King, feeling that people were confusing it with Somerton Castle in Lincolnshire.<ref name=facts>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Abbots of Muchelney Abbey held the rectorship of the parish church of Somerton during the Middle Ages. They built a tithe barn, to house the tithes of crops and produce paid by the parish to the town's rector.<ref name="Tithe Barn">Template:Cite web</ref> The abbey was dissolved in 1539 during the English Reformation, and the tithes and the tithe barn passed into the ownership of Bristol Cathedral. In the 20th century the barn was converted into private housing.<ref name="Tithe Barn" /><ref>Template:NHLE</ref>

Disused radio station built by the Marconi Company around 1925

Glove making was a major industry in the town in the early 19th century, along with the production of rope and twine.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Somerton Brewery, owned by a local landowner named Thomas Templeman, was first recorded under the Tithe Apportionment Act 1841.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The brewery became a large producer in Somerset until its final closure around 1935.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Before the National Insurance and the Health Service was introduced, Somerton Men's Club acted as a local provident society within the area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Gypsum was extracted by hand at the Hurcott open-cast mine from the Victorian era up until it closed down in 1953.<ref name="somertonmuseum">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1906, a railway station opened on the Castle Cary Cut-Off which was built by the Great Western Railway. Whilst the line still remains in use, the station was closed in 1962.<ref name=histsomerton>Template:Cite web</ref> When the Marconi Company built the radio stations known as the Imperial Wireless Chain for the Post Office during 1925–26, they also established their own transmitting station at Dorchester with a receiving station Template:Convert away at Somerton.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Somerton was hit by four Luftwaffe bombs on the morning of 29 September 1942 during the Second World War. The bombs were aimed at the Cow and Gate milk factory and it was largely destroyed. Ten nearby houses were badly damaged. Nine people were killed and thirty seven injured.<ref>Hawkins, Mac (1996) Somerset at War, 1930–1945, Hawk Editions, p 76</ref> A memorial at the dairy site commemorates those killed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Somerton also is home to large properties, like The Lynch Country House, a Grade II listed building, built in 1812 and St Michael's and All Angels Church.

Governance

Somerton is an electoral division electing two councillors to Somerset Council. The electoral division is larger than the town, including several neighbouring parishes.

The town also has a town council with responsibility for some local issues. In October 2009, eleven of the town councillors resigned en masse,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> citing excessive criticism from local residents and in particular criticism from a hostile local weblog.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In February 2012 the external auditor appointed by the Audit Commission published a critical "Report in the Public Interest" regarding the activities of Somerton Town Council in the fiscal year 2008 to 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The town was formerly part of South Somerset district from 1974 to 2023, and part of Langport Rural District from 1894 to 1974.<ref name=langportrd>Template:Cite web</ref>

Somerton is part of Glastonbury and Somerton constituency for elections to the House of Commons.

Geography

Somerton is situated on a plateau, above and to the south of the deep valley of the River Cary. The river flows west and then north through the Somerton Moor and then into King's Sedgemoor Drain on the Somerset Levels eventually joining the River Parrett near Bridgwater.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The town is Template:Convert from London, Template:Convert south from Bristol and Template:Convert north-west from Yeovil, just off the Dorset border. Somerton's hamlets include Etsome, Hurcot, Lower Somerton, Littleton and Midney.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Great Breach Wood is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and is situated just Template:Convert north-east from Somerton, near the hamlet of Littleton.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Somerton's climate is typical of the climate of south-west England which is usually cool winters with warmer summers and precipitation all year round, with more rain experienced in winter.<ref name="weather">Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Geographic location

Demography

The Somerton parish had a population of 5,500 as of 2021.<ref name="popn" /> In the 1801 census the population of the town was 1,145 and the first half of the 19th century saw strong growth (reflecting that seen elsewhere in England during this period), with the population rising to 2,140 in 1851. It however then began to drop, starting with a significant drop to 1,917 by the 1861 census. The population steadily fell until 1921, before steadily rising thereafter. It was not until 1961 that the population of Somerton had risen above its former population of 1851. The population has since continued to steadily increase.<ref name="visionofbritain">Template:Cite web</ref>

Economy

A weekly market has been held in Somerton for much of its history. The cloth industry dominated the town's market from the 17th century until the 20th century, when agriculture took over as the leading industry.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Some light industries and services, such as garage repair, physiotherapy, water treatment, and builders and decorators, are located in the business park on Bancombe Road.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Landmarks

The Butter Cross which was rebuilt in 1673

The Old Town Hall which dates to circa 1688

The main square, Market Place, with its market cross is today an attractive location for visitors.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Market crosses have stood in the square since before 1390; the present Butter Cross, a roofed market cross, was rebuilt in 1673, and is Somerton's most noted feature.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The structure was the property of the Earls of Ilchester who sold it to the town in 1916.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.<ref>Template:PastScape</ref> Next to the Butter Cross stands the Old Town Hall.<ref name="completesomerset"/><ref>Template:NHLE</ref> Bordering the square are the church, and the Lady Smith Memorial Hall, also known as the "Parish Rooms", which was built in 1902,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and named after Frances (nee Pinney), the late wife of Sir John Smith, who had died in 1895.<ref name='vch'>Template:Cite web</ref> The 17th century Market House is now a restaurant.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> The Red Lion was opened by the Earl of Ilchester in 1768 as a model coaching inn. It closed in 1995; after a period of neglect it has been redeveloped as town houses.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

From the early 1980s onwards projects aiming to improve Somerton for film industry purposes have been undertaken.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The market square was heavily revamped, creating a central parking area with easy access to the local amenities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The BBC drama The Monocled Mutineer was filmed in Somerton from 1985 to 1986.<ref name="stewart"/>

Somerton Court

Somerton Court was originally known as "Somerton Erleigh". The house has had various owners including Edward IV's brother, the Duke of Clarence, and Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, who sold the estate in 1530.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It passed through a number of hands until 1597 when it was purchased by James Fisher, whose son later rebuilt it in 1641.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The court remained in the Fisher family's possession until 1808 when it was sold. Its new owner renamed the house "Somerton Court", and replaced the gabled dormers with Gothic battlements and turrets.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> The house was later enlarged by the Hall-Stephenson family.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During World War II it was occupied by Royal Navy WRENS. In the 1970s it was purchased by a local businessman Stuart Pattemore. In 1987 Somerton Court and the estate of Template:Convert and 4 cottages including The Dower House was purchased by Roger Byron-Collins when it was subject to extensive upgrading and extensions. It was resold in 2005. The Dower House was built in the early 19th century.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> The house now stands in Template:Convert grounds.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Transport

The town's former, and only, railway station was on the Castle Cary Cut-Off, once part of the Great Western Railway.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Although the line still remains in use the station closed to passengers in 1962,<ref name=histsomerton/> and goods in 1964.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The nearest station is now at Castle Cary. On the outskirts of the town stands the impressive Somerton Viaduct.

The closest main road from Somerton is the A303 road that runs near the town and stretches all the way into northern Hampshire and finally joins the M3 motorway near Basingstoke.<ref name="ReferenceA">The National Archives file MT39/246 : "CLASSIFICATION: Renumbering of classified routes"</ref> The minor B3165 road runs through the town although the road is less commonly used and does not join to the A303 for another Template:Convert.Template:Cn Two B roads, the B3153 and B3165, run through Somerton; the B3165, mentioned earlier, starts in the town and runs southwards to the A372 Langport road.Template:Cn The A372 itself runs south-east to the junction of the A303 and A37 roads at Podimore services.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The B3151 is also nearby, connecting Somerton with Street and Glastonbury to the north, and Ilchester to the south, and thus the A303 and A37 as well. The M5 motorway is around Template:Convert away at junction 23 (Bridgwater).

Media

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West and ITV West Country. Television signals are received from the Mendip TV transmitter.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Somerset, Heart West and Greatest Hits Radio South West (formerly The Breeze).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The town is served by the local newspaper, Somerset County Gazette.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Religious sites

St Michael and All Angels church has origins which date from the 13th century.

The Church of England parish church, St Michael and All Angels, has origins which date from the 13th century, with a major reshaping in the mid 15th century, and further restoration in 1889. It is built of local lias stone cut and squared, with Hamstone dressing. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building.<ref name="IoE"/>

The church is notable for a carved roof, with lions and a small cider barrel purportedly carved by the monks of Muchelney Abbey.<ref name="IoE">Template:NHLE</ref> Sir John Betjeman was also inspired by an inscription on the candelabra. The church is quite plain on the outside but inside is one of the finest wooden carved roofs in the county. It is shallow pitched with massive, richly decorated tie beams and short king posts. The whole area of the roof is divided into square carved panels set in the framework of the structural timbers which are decorated with carved bosses where they intersect.<ref name=somwebmusstmic/> There are 640 panels each carved with the same quatrefoil design.<ref name="IoE"/> In the triangular spaces above each beam are dragon-like beasts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is said there are bullet holes in the timbers, caused by soldiers who camped in the church in 1646 before the Battle of Langport.<ref name=somwebmusstmic/> The 17th century pulpit and altar table are Jacobean woodwork.<ref name=somwebmusstmic>Template:Cite web</ref>

There are five other churches in the town, including Methodist and Catholic groups.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Education

A grammar school in Somerton was first founded in the 1570s, and later was endowed as the Somerton Free Grammar School. In 1903, it became Somerton Free Church of England School, before merging with Montclefe in 1963. Monteclefe National School was founded in 1851 by the Pinney family of Somerton Erleigh.<ref name='vch'/>

Somerton Infants School and Monteclefe CEVA Junior school merged in September 2014 to form King Ina Academy, with Somerton Roundabout Preschool also amalgamating with the school, with the ultimate aim of having one building for the whole academy. Currently the institution is still based on two sites, however applications have been submitted to the Department of Education to be granted permission to build a new, one-building free school for King Ina Academy on one of three possible sites, all of which are situated in the western outskirts of the town.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

References

• Victoria History of the County of Somerset: Vol 3: Somerton, R.W. Dunning (1974)

External links

• Somerton Town Council

Further reading

• Somerton Extensive Urban Study (English Heritage/Somerset County Council)