Suha Arafat
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Suha Arafat (Template:Langx; born Suha Daoud Tawil (Template:Langx) on 17 July 1963) is the widow of former Palestinian National Authority president Yasser Arafat.
Early life and education
Suha was born in Jerusalem on 17 July 1963 into an affluent Roman Catholic<ref name="wapo_fight">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="BBC_bio">Profile: Suha Arafat 11 Nov 2004 BBC News Retrieved 04 Jan 2013</ref><ref>The Associated Press Yasser Arafat rarely saw his wife and daughter 11 Nov 2004 USA Today Retrieved 04 jan 2013</ref> family who lived in Nablus and then Ramallah (both cities under Jordanian rule at the time).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Suha's father Daoud Tawil, an Oxford-educated<ref>"Stifling of Suha", Telegraph / The Age, 14 November 2004</ref> banker,<ref name="wapo_fight" /> was born in Jaffa (now part of Tel Aviv). Daoud Tawil had business both in the West Bank and Jordan.<ref name=har04>Template:Cite news</ref>
Suha's mother, Raymonda Hawa Tawil, born in Acre, is a member of the Hawa family of Acre, prominent property owners in the Haifa area.<ref name=har04/> She was a poet and writer. She became a Palestinian political activist after 1967 and was arrested several times by the Israelis, making her a media star.<ref name=har04/> She was also a high-profile Palestinian journalist.<ref name="BBC_bio" /> Suha, growing up in Ramallah, was influenced by the political activism of her mother conducted in the 1970s from her PLO-influenced news bureau in East Jerusalem.<ref name=har04/>
Suha attended a convent school, Rosary Sisters' School, in Beit Hanina, Jerusalem. At age 18, she went to Paris to study, where she lived with her older sister, who was married to Ibrahim Souss, the PLO's then-ambassador to France.<ref name=har04/>
Marriage to Arafat
Soon after his departure from Paris, Arafat asked Suha to come and work with him in Tunisia (where the Palestine Liberation Organization had set up a haven). Suha secretly married Arafat on 17 July 1990, when she was aged 27 and he was 61. Their only child, daughter Zahwa, was born on 24 July 1995 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Zahwa was named after Arafat's mother.<ref name=jwl>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Suha converted to Islam at the time of her marriage.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, many Palestinians believe her conversion to be false and allege that Suha has had millions of dollars channeled into secret bank accounts by her late husband, both of which she denies.<ref name="auto"/> During her marriage, she tried to leave Arafat on many occasions to escape the gossip aimed at her, but was not permitted to.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="star1">Template:Cite journal</ref>
In November 1999 in a speech given in Ramallah in the presence of then First Lady Hillary Clinton, Suha Arafat falsely claimed that Israel was using poisonous gas on Palestinians "which has led to an increase in cancer cases among women and children", and that Israel had contaminated 80% of Palestinian water sources with "chemical materials".<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Suha Arafat's claims were widely denounced as false and antisemitic, and Clinton was criticised for appearing not to swiftly reject the claims, though she criticised the claims the following day.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A Palestinian official apologised "for any embarrassment the first lady had suffered."<ref name=":2" />
After Arafat's death
Suha and Zahwa lived in Tunisia from 2004 to 2007 and obtained Tunisian citizenship in September 2006. On 7 August 2007, Tunisia, without warning Suha, revoked her citizenship but not her daughter's.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> Suha claimed her Tunisian property was also frozen.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On 31 October 2011, the Tunis Court of First Instance issued an international arrest warrant for Suha, relating to corruption in a business deal that involved the former Tunisian first lady, Leila Ben Ali, in 2006.<ref name=":0"/> Initially, Suha proclaimed her complete cooperation with the Tunisian prosecutors<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but shortly thereafter she denounced the prosecution as a Tunisian scheme to defame her and the Palestinian cause.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was, at the time, living in Malta. She also denied reports that she had any money or property belonging to the Palestinian national cause, and she said that she opposed normalization of relations with Israel.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Other activities
On 27 November 2012, at the behest of Suha, Arafat's body was exhumed in the West Bank, in order to have samples taken from his remains. The purpose of the exhumation, according to Suha, was to determine whether he was poisoned with polonium. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
As of 2011, she was living with her daughter in Malta.<ref name=":0"/>
After Arafat's death, Suha and Zahwa argued in French courts that Arafat had been murdered, possibly by poisoning.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They lost their lawsuits and appeals, and in 2017 they took their case to the European Court of Human Rights, claiming that the French authorities did not give their case a fair trial by refusing to include additional expert evidence.<ref name=":1" /> In 2021, the Court rejected their appeal as inadmissible.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>