Sultan Kudarat
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Sultan Kudarat, officially the Province of Sultan Kudarat (Template:Langx; Maguindanaon: Dairat nu Sultan Kudarat, Jawi: دايرت نو سولتان كودرت; Template:Langx; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Sultan Kudarat; Template:Langx), is a province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen region in Mindanao. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 854,052 people. Its capital is Isulan while the commercial center and largest city is Tacurong.
Etymology
The name Sultan Kudarat given to the province was derived from the Maguindanaon Muslim ruler, Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat who began to assert his leadership in the year 1619 and reigned in the Sultanate of Maguindanao from 1625 to 1671. Through his leadership, Spanish forces were successfully repelled from encroaching the Cotabato region of south-central Mindanao.<ref name="Manobo- History">Template:Cite web</ref> He is considered a national hero, and in his honor, the province was named after him.Template:Sfn
History
Template:Further Sultan Kudarat was once part of the Sultanate of Maguindanao. It became one of the strongholds of the Maguindanao society as some royal families established their own Sultanate in the region.
Sultan Kudarat was part of the former province of Cotabato, until its creation as an independent province (along with Maguindanao and North Cotabato) on November 22, 1973, through Presidential Decree No. 341.<ref name=decree341>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sultan Kudarat was transferred from Central Mindanao region to ARMM after its creation in 1989.<ref name="PSA-CentralMindanao2000Census" /> On December 18, 1998, Sultan Kudarat was transferred back to Central Mindanao through Republic Act No. 8744,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> until Central Mindanao was renamed Soccsksargen in 2001. Template:Further
Palimbang Massacre
Template:Main One notable event that took place in Sultan Kudarat was the Palimbang Massacre (also called the Malisbong Masjid Massacre), which saw the mass murder of Moro residents of Barrio Malisbong in Palimbang by units of the Philippine Military on September 24, 1974,<ref name="min">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ChynaSantos">Template:Cite news</ref>–1,500<ref name="min"/> two years after Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law. Accounts compiled by the Moro Women's Center in General Santos state that 1,500 male Moros aged 11–70 were killed inside a mosque, 3,000 women and children aged 9–60 were detained – with the women being raped – and 300 houses were razed by the government forces.<ref name="min"/>
Sultan Kudarat (Tacurong) Bird Festival
On May 10 and 11 of 2024, Tacurong held the 8th "Sultan Kudarat Bird Festival" at the 2.5-hectare Baras Bird Sanctuary, the largest nesting site of 20,000 bird species, particularly those of egrets and herons.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Geography
Sultan Kudarat is situated in the southwestern section of central Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by the provinces of Maguindanao del Norte, Maguindanao del Sur and Cotabato; on the south by South Cotabato and Sarangani; on the east by Davao del Sur; and on the west by the Moro Gulf and the Celebes Sea. The province's total land area is Template:Convert.Template:PSGC detail
Two major mountain ranges encompass the province; the Alip Mountain Range in Columbio and the Daguma Mountain Range within the towns of Bagumbayan, Isulan, and Esperanza.Template:Sfn The three coastal towns on the province's western side (Lebak, Kalamansig, and Palimbang) are lined with mountain ranges that separate the central part of the province from the sea. There are also mountains on the eastern side, leaving flat land in between.Template:Sfn
The province has an irregular coastline of Template:Convert in its three coastal towns, which face the Celebes Sea.Template:Sfn These coastal areas are prone to tsunamis coming from the Celebes Sea.Template:Sfn Approximately 2/3 of Lake Buluan's area is covered by the province in the towns of Lutayan and President Quirino. There are 7 major rivers within the province: Alip, Allah, Kapingkong, Tran, Salaman, Palimbang and Kabulnan. Additionally, there are 23 large creeks and 11 major springs within the province.Template:Sfn
Land use and soil types
Forestland constitutes the majority of the province's land use (50.32% ), followed by agricultural land (44.77%), fishing grounds (2.42%), non-agricultural land (1.16%), "other bodies of water" (1.02%), and fishponds (0.31%).Template:Sfn
Five major soil types are found within the province, the majority of which is classified as Mountain Soil (71%), followed by Sandy Loam (12.036%), Silty Clay Loam (4.880%), Clay Loam (4.612%) and Loamy Sand (0.185).Template:Sfn
Climate
The climate of Sultan Kudarat falls under Type IV of Climate (characterized by rain showers or evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year). Heavy rainfall occurs from April to November. Unlike most other provinces in the country, Sultan Kudarat is generally free from typhoons as it is situated outside the "typhoon belt".Template:Sfn
The average temperature is Template:Convert, with Template:Convert as the average maximum normally occurring in March. The lowest recorded was Template:Convert in the Kulaman area from December to early January.Template:Sfn
Administrative divisions
Sultan Kudarat comprises 11 municipalities and 1 city. Three of the municipalities (Kalamansig, Lebak, and Palimbang) are coastal towns, while the rest of the province is located inland. The 11 municipalities and Tacurong City are further subdivided into 249 barangays.
Tacurong is the smallest unit in the province by land area, but is the most urbanized and is considered the province's commercial center. Other growth centers are Lebak and Isulan, the latter being the provincial capital.
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Demographics
The population of Sultan Kudarat in the 2020 census was 854,052 people,Template:PH census with a density of Template:Convert.
At the 2000 census, the province had a total population of 586,505 inhabitants, which grew to 747,087 in the 2010 census. About 113 ethnic groups were identified in the province in the 2000 Census.Template:Sfn Though an ethnically diverse province, the Hiligaynons constitute the majority of Sultan Kudarat's population,Template:Sfn with Hiligaynon being the province's most widely spoken language.Template:Sfn Other languages spoken in the province are Maguindanaon, Karay-a, Dulangan Manobo, Blaan, Teduray, Ilocano, and Cebuano.Template:Sfn Filipino and English are also widely understood and used in education, business, and administration as the national official languages, the former serving as dominant language in local media and of everyday communication of speakers of different languages, making it a secondary lingua franca in the province.
Aside from the Hiligaynons, who settled in Sultan Kudarat around the 17th to 18th centuries along with the Karay-as,Template:Citation needed whereas their fellow new settlers from Visayas continued until the Philippine independence, other ethnic groups in the province include the Maguindanaons (who constitute the majority of the provincial Muslim population), as well as the Manobos, Tedurays and Blaans, the three autochthonous ethnic groups of the province.Template:Sfn Ilocanos and Cebuanos meanwhile are relative newcomers to the province, with the former comprising the majority of the population in the towns of Lambayong and President Quirino, and the latter in the town of Kalamansig.
Religion
The two major religious groups in Sultan Kudarat are Catholic (47.9%) and Islam (29.5%).<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> Other Christian groups constitute most of the remainders such as the Iglesia ni Cristo, Seventh-day Adventist, Evangelical Christians, United Church of Christ in the Philippines, Jehovah's Witnesses, United Methodist Church, Southern Baptists, as well as "tribal religions".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2015 the Philippine Statistics Authority recorded Islam followed by 29.48% of the population.<ref name="PSA">Template:Cite web</ref>
Economy
The economy of Sultan Kudarat is predominantly agricultural. The leading crops produced in the province are rice, corn, coconuts, coffee, bananas, mangoes, durians and African palm.Template:Sfn The province is self-sufficient in poultry, swine and root crops, and is one of the few producers of Irish potatoes in the Philippines. The southern Philippines Grain Complex in Tacurong is the largest grains-processing complex in the country. There are more than 200 rice mills in the province.Template:Citation needed
Fishing is an industry in the three coastal towns of the province (Kalamansig, Lebak and Palimbang).Template:Sfn Tuna caught along the coasts along the Celebes Sea are exported to Japan and Europe.
Other economic activities include cottage industries, which include crafts made of rattan, coconut shells, coir, driftwood and other types of wood.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Metallic minerals, which include copper, gold and silver, are found within the mountainous areas of Isulan, Bagumbayan, Sen. Ninoy Aquino, Palimbang and Columbio. Non-metallic minerals which include sand, gravel and marbleized limestone are also found in the province.Template:Sfn
Education
For the school year 2009–2010, the province has 475 schools (401 public and 74 private), 368 of which were elementary schools, 90 were secondary, and 17 were tertiary. Sultan Kudarat State University is the only public tertiary school within the province, with its main campus at Tacurong City. Its other campuses are situated in Bagumbayan, Isulan, Kalamansig, Lutayan, Palimbang, and Senator Ninoy Aquino.Template:Sfn
Health facilities
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In 2010, Sultan Kudarat had 27 hospitals (5 government-owned, 22 private and 1 mobile hospital), which are classified into 17 primary (6-25 beds capacity), 8 secondary (25-100 beds capacity) and 2 tertiary (over 100 beds capacity). Tacurong had the most number of hospitals in the province with 11, followed by Isulan with 5.Template:Sfn
Transportation
As of 2010, the provincial road network spanned a total length of Template:Convert of which 49.26% were barangay roads, 27.97% provincial roads, 13.51% municipal/city roads and 9.25% national roads. Bagumbayan had the longest road network at Template:Convert, while Lutayan had the shortest at Template:Convert.Template:Sfn
Sultan Kudarat has two seaports: the Port of Lebak in Kalamansig and the San Roque Port in Palimbang, and four airports (2 government-owned: Lebak Municipal Airport and President Quirino Airport, and 2 privately owned: Kalamansig Airport and Kenram Airport).Template:Sfn
Government
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Elected Officials
The following are the elected government officials and their years of tenure: Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break
Elected Officials Template:Small:
- Governor: Pax S. Mangudadatu
- Vice Governor: Raden C. Sakaluran
- 1st District w/ Tacurong City: Suharto T. Mangudadatu
- 2nd District: Horacio Suansing
Elected Officials Template:Small:
- Governor: Suharto T. Mangudadatu
- Vice Governor: Ernesto F. Matias
- 1st District w/ Tacurong City: Rep. Raden C. Sakaluran
- 2nd District: Rep. Arnulfo F. Go
Elected Officials Template:Small:
- Governor: Suharto T. Mangudadatu
- Vice Governor: Donato A. Ligo
- 1st District w/ Tacurong City: Rep. Pax S. Mangudadatu
- 2nd District: Rep. Arnulfo F. Go
Elected Officials Template:Small:
- Representative: Suharto T. Mangudadatu
- Governor: Pax S. Mangudadatu
- Vice Governor: Donato A. Ligo
Template:Col-break Elected Officials Template:Small:
- Representative: Angelo O. Montilla
- Governor: Pax S. Mangudadatu
- Vice Governor: Miguel Domingo T. Jacalan III
Elected Officials Template:Small:
- Representative: Angelo O. Montilla
- Governor: Nesthur R. Gumana
- Vice Governor: Rose P. Jamison
Elected Officials Template:Small:
- Representative: Estanislao Váldez
- Governor: Nesthur R. Gumana
- Vice Governor: Sinsuat A. Andang Sr.
List of former governors
The former governors who have administered the province are:Template:Sfn
- Carlos B. Cajelo Template:Small Template:Nowrap
- Gonzalo H. Siongco Template:Small Template:Nowrap
- Conrado E. Buencamino Template:Small Template:Nowrap
- Benjamin C. Duque Template:Small Template:Nowrap; was elected Governor Template:Nowrap
- Aurelio C. Freires Jr. Template:Nowrap
- Perfecto C. Bautista Template:Small Template:Nowrap
- Fidel A. Fortez Template:Small Template:Nowrap
- Exequiel S. Mayordomo Template:Small Template:Nowrap
- Nesthur R. Gumana Template:Small Template:Nowrap
- Rosila P. Jamison Template:Nowrap
- Pax S. Mangudadatu Template:Nowrap
- Suharto T. Mangudadatu Template:Nowrap
- Pax S. Mangudadatu Template:Nowrap
- Suharto T. Mangudadatu Template:Nowrap
Festivals
Festivals celebrated within the province include:
- Kalimudan — celebrated in the province of Sultan Kudarat, a gathering of ethnic groups within the provinceTemplate:Sfn
- Bansadayaw — celebrated in BagumbayanTemplate:Sfn
- Kastifun — celebrated in ColumbioTemplate:Sfn
- Hinabyog — celebrated in EsperanzaTemplate:Sfn
- Hamungaya — celebrated in IsulanTemplate:Sfn
- Salagaan — celebrated in KalamansigTemplate:Sfn
- Timpuyog — celebrated in LambayongTemplate:Sfn
- Kapeonan — celebrated in LebakTemplate:Sfn
- Kanduli — celebrated in LutayanTemplate:Sfn
- Kalilang — celebrated in PalimbangTemplate:Sfn
- Sambuyawan — celebrated in President QuirinoTemplate:Sfn
- Sulok — celebrated in Senator Ninoy AquinoTemplate:Sfn
- Talakudong — celebrated in Tacurong CityTemplate:Sfn
Citations
References
External links
- Template:Commons category-inline
- Template:OSM relation
- Official website of the provincial government of Sultan Kudarat Template:Webarchive
- Local Governance Performance Management System Template:Webarchive