Tapishwar Narain Raina

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Indian English {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{#if:|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{{embed}}}

| abovestyle = font-size: 100%;

| above = {{#if:General|

General

}}

{{#if:Tapishwar Narain Raina|Tapishwar Narain Raina|Template:PAGENAMEBASE}}

{{#if:MVC, SM|

MVC, SM

}}

| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;

| subheader = {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes||{{#if:|{{#if:|

}}{{{native_name}}}{{#if:|

}}}}}}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=General_Tapishwar_Narain_Raina.jpg|size=|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | captionstyle = line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em; | caption{{#if:|3|{{#if:|2}}}} =

| headerstyle = color: #202122; {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}}

| data1 = {{#if:| {{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}}}Template:Infobox officeholder/office{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| {{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}{{#if:|| Template:Infobox officeholder/office}}

| data2 = | header3 = {{#if:Template:Birth dateSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaTemplate:Death date and age<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg Padma Bhushan
File:Maha Vir Chakra ribbon.svg Maha Vir Chakra
Mentioned in dispatches|Personal details}} | label4 = Pronunciation | data4 =

| label5 = Born | data5 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br 

  |1={{#if:|}}
  |2={{#invoke:person date|birth}}

|3={{#if:Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India|

Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

}}

}}

| label6 = Died | data6 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br 

 |1={{#invoke:person date|death}}

|2={{#if:|

}}

}}

| label7 = {{#ifexpr: Template:Strfind short 

   | Manner |{{#if:|Manner|Cause}} }} of death

| data7 = {{#if:||}}

| label8 = Resting place | class8 = label | data8 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}

| label9 = Citizenship | data9 =

| label10 = Nationality | data10 = {{#if:|{{#if:{{#invoke:find country|main|string=Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}|{{#switch:{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{nationality}}}}}| {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Country2nationality||{{#invoke:find country|main|string={{#invoke:delink|delink|Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}}}|nocat=true}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{nationality}}}}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{{nationality}}}}}}} = | {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:find country|main|string=Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}|England|British}} = | #default = {{{nationality}}}}}|{{{nationality}}}}}|}} | label11 = Political party | data11 = {{#switch: | = | Democrat | Democratic | Democrat = Democratic | Republican | United States Republican Party | Republican | Republican Party = Republican | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Labour Party | Labour = Labour | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Liberal Party | Liberal = Liberal | KMT | Kuomintang | KMT | KMT | Kuomintang | Kuomintang (KMT) | Kuomintang (KMT) = Kuomintang | DPP | DPP | Democratic Progressive Party = Democratic Progressive Party | #default = }}

| label12 = Other political
affiliations | data12 =

| label13 = Height | data13 = {{#if:|Template:Infobox person/height}}

| label14 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | data14 =

| label15 = Domestic partner{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data15 =

| label16 = Relations | data16 =

| label17 = Children | data17 =

| label18 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data18 = {{#if:|{{{parents}}}|{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|{{#if:|{{{father}}} (father)}}|{{#if:|{{{mother}}} (mother)}}}}}}

| label19 = Relatives | data19 =

| label20 = Residence{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class20 = {{#if:Template:Death date and age<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>||label}} | data20 =

| label21 = Education | data21 =

| label22 = Alma mater | data22 =

| label23 = Occupation | data23 =

| label24 = Profession | data24 =

| label25 = Known for | data25 =

| label26 = Salary | data26 =

| label27 = Cabinet | data27 =

| label28 = Committees | data28 =

| label29 = Portfolio | data29 =

| label30 = {{#if:|Civilian awards|Awards}} | data30 = File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg Padma Bhushan
File:Maha Vir Chakra ribbon.svg Maha Vir Chakra
Mentioned in dispatches

| label31 = {{{blank1}}} | data31 =

| label32 = {{{blank2}}} | data32 =

| label33 = {{{blank3}}} | data33 =

| label34 = {{{blank4}}} | data34 =

| label35 = {{{blank5}}} | data35 =

| label36 = Signature | data36 = {{#if:|[[File:{{{signature}}}|{{#if:|{{{signature_size}}}|128x80px}}|class=skin-invert notpageimage|alt=|Tapishwar Narain Raina's signature]]}}

| label37 = Website | data37 =

| label38 = Nickname{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data38 =

| header39 = {{#if:Template:Flag
Template:FlagTemplate:Army
Template:Air force
Template:Army1941–1978File:General of the Indian Army.svg General8th Punjab Regiment
19th Hyderabad Regiment
File:Kumaon Regiment Insignia (India).svgKumaon RegimentFile:IA Western Command.svg Western Army
II Corps
25th Division
114 Infantry Brigade
File:Kumaon Regiment Insignia (India).svg14 KumaonWorld War II
Sino-Indian War
Indo-Pakistan War of 1965
Indo-Pakistan War of 1971Service number|Military service}}

| label40 = Allegiance | data40 = Template:Flag
Template:Flag

| label41 = {{#if:||Branch/service}} | data41 = Template:Army
Template:Air force
Template:Army

| label42 = {{#if:||Years of service}} | data42 = 1941–1978

| label43 = {{#if:||Rank}} | data43 = File:General of the Indian Army.svg General

| label44 = {{#if:||Unit}} | data44 = 8th Punjab Regiment
19th Hyderabad Regiment
File:Kumaon Regiment Insignia (India).svgKumaon Regiment

| label45 = Commands | data45 = File:IA Western Command.svg Western Army
II Corps
25th Division
114 Infantry Brigade
File:Kumaon Regiment Insignia (India).svg14 Kumaon

| label46 = {{#if:||Battles/wars}} | data46 = World War II
Sino-Indian War
Indo-Pakistan War of 1965
Indo-Pakistan War of 1971

| label47 = {{#if:File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg Padma Bhushan
File:Maha Vir Chakra ribbon.svg Maha Vir Chakra
Mentioned in dispatches|Military awards|Awards}} | data47 =

| label48 = Service number | data48 = IC-1850<ref name="brig_appt"/>

| label49 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data49 =

| label50 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data50 =

| label51 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data51 =

| label52 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data52 =

| data53 = | data54 = | data55 = | data56 = | data57 = | data58 = | belowstyle = border-top: 1px solid right;

| below =

{{#if:| As of {{{date}}}{{#if:|, {{{year}}}}}}}

{{#if:|Source: [{{{source}}}]}}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} General Tapishwar "Tappy" Narain Raina Template:Post-nominals (24 January 1921 – 19 May 1980), best known as T.N. Raina, was a senior army officer and a diplomat who served as the 9th Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army between 1975 and 1978.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Upon retirement, he was appointed as the High Commissioner of India to Canada. He was a recipient of the third highest civilian honour of India, the Padma Bhushan.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life and education

Raina was born in a Kashmiri Pandit family on 24 January 1921,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> the son of Rai Bahadur A. N. Raina, sometime Postmaster-General of Punjab.<ref name="retires">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="morale">Template:Cite news</ref> He received his early education in Ludhiana, where his father had been posted as Head Postmaster.<ref>Little Known facts about Ludhianvis The Tribune, Dated 25 June 2000</ref> While a college student in Lahore, at the University of the Punjab, Raina joined the 4th Punjab University Training Corps in October 1938.<ref name="retires"/>

Career

Second World War

On 1 May 1941, Raina was attached to the 10th Battalion of the 8th Punjab Regiment, but subsequently considered the air force and briefly served as a cadet in the Indian Air Force during July–August 1941.<ref name="retires"/> He then joined the Officers' Training School at Mhow.<ref name="retires"/> On 12 April 1942, Raina received an emergency commission as a second lieutenant in the 10th Battalion of 19th Hyderabad Regiment,<ref name="Indian_Army_List_42">Template:Cite book</ref> which became the Kumaon Regiment in 1948.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Raina initially joined 10/19 Hyderabad, then at Agra, but was posted to 2/19 Hyderabad in December 1942.<ref name="retires"/> In March 1943, he was posted to 1/19 Hyderabad, stationed in Iraq.<ref name="retires"/> 1/19 Hyderabad was then part of the 24th Indian Infantry Brigade, attached to the 6th Indian Infantry Division. By the time Raina joined his battalion in Iraq, the major actions in which Iraqforce had been involved in were over. While at Kirkuk, Raina was seriously wounded in a grenade-throwing accident which left him with severe wounds in his thighs and resulted in the loss of an eye.<ref name="retires"/> He had a glass eye in place for the rest of his career in the army.Template:Citation needed

In July 1944, Raina's battalion returned to India and was attached to the 26th Indian Infantry Brigade, which that December was sent to Burma attached to the 36th Indian Infantry Division<ref name="retires"/> He was mentioned in dispatches for his service in the Burma Campaign.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

Post-Independence

Over August 1949 - January 1951, Raina served as Indian Army Liaison Officer at the School of Infantry in Warminster, UK.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

He was the Brigade Commander at Chushul in Ladakh during November 1962. He was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra for his handling of the Battle of Chushul. He was a veteran of the 1962 war and 1971 wars.<ref name="IndianArmy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 5 January 1965, Lieutenant-Colonel Raina was appointed Brigadier General Staff (BGS) of the XXXIII Corps in West Bengal.<ref>Obituary to a Hero Template:Webarchive India Defence</ref><ref name="brig_appt">Template:Cite news</ref> As a major general, Raina went on to become the General Officer Commanding (GOC) of 25 Infantry Division in Poonch.<ref name="Bharat Rakshak">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 7 October 1971, Raina was appointed GOC of II Corps in the Khulna sector, with the acting rank of Lieutenant General.<ref name="corps_appt">Template:Cite news</ref> He raised the Corps in Krishnanagar and commanded it during operations in the Eastern Theatre of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, where it captured the important towns of Khulna, Jessore, Jhenida, Magura and Faridpur and also the area between the rivers Ganges and Padma.Template:Citation needed For his contributions in the war Raina was awarded the Padma Bhushan.<ref name="Bharat Rakshak"/>

Raina was appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Command on 27 October 1973.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He served as the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 1 June 1975 to 31 May 1978.

During his tenure as the COAS, the central government led by Indira Gandhi declared a state of national emergency in India. Before the imposition of the emergency, it is believed that the Prime Minister asked for the Army's support in the venture, but General Raina bluntly told the Prime Minister that the army would not be used to 'further her ends' but obey only those orders of a 'legally construed government.' . This was considered a crucial moment that kept the Indian Army out of politics at a critical juncture.<ref>Militarism in India:The Army and Civil Society in Consensus by Apurba Kundu Template:Webarchive</ref>

Later life

Raina died on 19 May 1980 in Ottawa, while serving as India's High Commissioner to Canada.<ref name=IndianArmy /><ref name="passes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Following his funeral and cremation with full military honours in Delhi on 25 May,<ref name="passes"/> his son-in-law, together with his nephew, Squadron Leader K. K. Zalpuri, immersed his ashes in the Ganges at Haridwar on 27 May.<ref name="ashes"/>

Personal life

On 25 February 1949, Raina married Marie Antoinette Florence Kurtz, who was French. The couple had a son, Jyotishwar Narain (1949–March 1974) and a daughter, Anita (born 1952). Jyoti Narain, who followed his father into the Army and joined his old regiment, was killed in a motorcycle accident in March 1974.<ref name="retires"/><ref name="morale"/> Anita married Arun Thapan.<ref name="ashes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and decorations

Template:Ribbon devices File:Maha Vir Chakra ribbon.svg File:Sena Medal ribbon.svg Template:Ribbon devices
File:IND Poorvi Star Ribbon.svg Template:Ribbon devices File:IND Sangram Medal Ribbon.svg Template:Ribbon devices
Template:Ribbon devices File:IND 25th Anniversary Independence medal.svg Template:Ribbon devices Template:Ribbon devices
Template:Ribbon devices Template:Ribbon devices Template:Ribbon devices Template:Ribbon devices
Padma Bhushan Maha Vir Chakra Sena Medal Samar Seva Star
Poorvi Star Special Service Medal Sangram Medal Sainya Seva Medal
Indian Independence Medal 25th Anniversary of Independence Medal 20 Years Long Service Medal 9 Years Long Service Medal
1939–1945 Star Burma Star War Medal 1939–1945 India Service Medal

Dates of rank

Insignia Rank Component Date of rank
File:British Army (1920-1953) OF-1a.svg Second Lieutenant British Indian Army 12 April 1942 (emergency)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_42"/>
File:British Army (1920-1953) OF-1b.svg Lieutenant British Indian Army 1943 (war-substantive)
2 June 1947 (substantive)
File:British Army (1920–1953) OF-2.svg Captain British Indian Army 1944 (acting)
File:British Army (1920-1953) OF-1b.svg Lieutenant Indian Army 15 August 1947<ref name="insignia" group="note">Upon independence in 1947, India became a Dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations. As a result, the rank insignia of the British Army, incorporating the Tudor Crown and four-pointed Bath Star ("pip"), was retained, as George VI remained Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. After 26 January 1950, when India became a republic, the President of India became Commander-in-Chief, and the Ashoka Lion replaced the crown, with a five-pointed star being substituted for the "pip."</ref><ref name="insignia_designs"/>
File:British Army (1920–1953) OF-2.svg Captain Indian Army 12 April 1948<ref name="insignia" group="note">Upon independence in 1947, India became a Dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations. As a result, the rank insignia of the British Army, incorporating the Tudor Crown and four-pointed Bath Star ("pip"), was retained, as George VI remained Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. After 26 January 1950, when India became a republic, the President of India became Commander-in-Chief, and the Ashoka Lion replaced the crown, with a five-pointed star being substituted for the "pip."</ref><ref name="insignia_designs"/>
File:Captain of the Indian Army.svg Captain Indian Army citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Major of the Indian Army.svg Major Indian Army 12 April 1955<ref name="maj">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:Lieutenant Colonel of the Indian Army.svg Lieutenant-Colonel Indian Army 12 April 1958<ref name="lt_col">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:Colonel of the Indian Army.svg Colonel Indian Army 29 August 1964<ref name="col">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:Brigadier of the Indian Army.svg Brigadier Indian Army 1962 (acting)
5 January 1965 (acting)<ref name="brig_appt"/>
1 May 1965 (substantive)<ref name="brig">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:Major General of the Indian Army.svg Major General Indian Army 19 January 1966 (acting)<ref name="actg_maj_gen">Template:Cite news</ref>
14 October 1967 (substantive)<ref name="maj_gen">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg Lieutenant-General Indian Army 7 October 1971 (acting)<ref name="corps_appt"/>
20 May 1972 (substantive)<ref name="lt_gen">Template:Cite news</ref>
File:General of the Indian Army.svg General
(COAS)		 Indian Army 1 June 1975<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

Template:S-start Template:S-mil Template:Succession box Template:Succession box Template:S-end Template:Chief of Defence Staff (India) Template:Chief of the Army Staff India Template:1971 Indo-Pak War Template:PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Tapishwar_Narain_Raina&oldid=747366"