Teresa Gorman

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox officeholder Teresa Ellen Gorman (Template:Née; 30 September 1931 – 28 August 2015) was a British politician. She was Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Billericay, in the county of Essex, from 1987 to 2001 when she stood down. She was a leading figure in the rebellions over the Maastricht Treaty that nearly brought down John Major's government. She worked in both education and business.

Early life

Gorman was born Teresa Ellen Moore in Putney, London, England.<ref name=dt>"Teresa Gorman, Tory MP – obituary", telegraph.co.uk, 28 August 2015.</ref> Her father was a demolition contractor, her mother a waitress. She was educated at Fulham County School in London,<ref name=Whoswho>Template:Cite book</ref> leaving the all-girls grammar school at 16, at her parents' insistence to start work. She then trained to teach at Brighton Teacher Training College, qualifying in 1951. While working as a teacher, she studied biology and zoology part-time at University College London, graduating with first class honours.<ref name="ODNB">Template:Cite web</ref>

After marrying her first husband, James Gorman, whose surname she would keep throughout her life, she worked on an exchange programme in New York City.Template:Citation needed Besides teaching she ran a business selling teaching aids, Banta,<ref name=Whoswho /> and was involved in property development with her first husband.Template:Citation needed

Political career

Under her maiden name Moore, Gorman attempted to enter the House of Commons as an Independent candidate for the Conservative-held seat of Streatham in the October 1974 general election, polling 210 votes.<ref name="ODNB" /> In the same year she founded (and later chaired) the Alliance of Small Firms & Self-Employed People. She later sat as an elected member of Westminster City Council from 1982 to 1986.<ref name=Whoswho />

Gorman was elected to the House of Commons in the 1987 election. When she sought the candidature for Billericay in 1986, she claimed to have been born in 1941, aged 45, rather than 1931, aged 55, believing this would increase her chances.<ref name=BBC>Template:Cite news</ref> The night after she was elected she appeared on a notable edition of the Channel 4 late-night discussion programme After Dark when she "stormed off the set".<ref>Maggie Brown, A Licence To Be Different, BFI, 2007</ref>

In the 1990 party leadership election she voted for John Major to succeed Margaret Thatcher but four years later she was one of the Maastricht Rebels, who nearly brought down Major's government over the Maastricht Treaty.<ref name=BBC />

In 1992, Gorman introduced an amendment to the Representation of the People Act under the Ten Minute Rule to give two seats to each constituency, one for a male MP and one for a female. The amendment received only a first reading. She was a prominent figure in the group of Conservative rebels over European issues. In 1994, she had the Conservative whip withdrawn for refusing to back the EC Finance Bill.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

At the 1997 general election, there was a massive swing towards her opponent, but she remained an MP, with a much-reduced majority of 1,356. Surprisingly she backed pro-Euro Kenneth Clarke in the 1997 Conservative Party leadership election when she was expected to back William Hague<ref name="theguardian.com">Template:Cite web</ref> or John Redwood who she backed two years earlier for the party leadership, describing him as "a bad-mannered, insensitive snob whose remarks on single mothers were a disaster".<ref name="theguardian.com"/>

She tried to stand for the Conservative Mayor of London candidacy for the 2000 London mayoral election, but was blocked by the party leadership.<ref name=BBC />

In February 2000, she was suspended from the House of Commons for a month for failing to disclose on the Register of Members Interests between 1987 and 1994 three rented properties in south London and for her failure to register two rented-out properties in Portugal from 1987 to 1999. The Commons' Standards and Privileges Committee also found she should not have introduced a Ten Minute Rule Bill in 1990 proposing the repeal of the Rent Acts without registering and declaring a financial interest.<ref name=BBC />

Considered an able but maverick politician, Gorman was known for her public endorsement of hormone replacement therapy<ref name=BBC /> her tattooed eyebrows (she shaved them off as a teenager and they never grew back) and her belief that rapists should be castrated.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

During the 2012 Local elections, it was reported that Gorman was supporting the UK Independence Party in her home area of Thurrock.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Gorman was a council member of the Freedom Association.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She was interviewed about her membership of the association and the rise of Thatcherism for the BBC TV documentary series Tory! Tory! Tory! (2006).

Censure by the House of Commons Standards & Privileges Committee

Gorman was censured by the House of Commons Standards and Privileges Committee for a failure to declare a relevant interest and other breaches of the code of conduct.<ref name=BBC />

The committee found that she failed to declare that her husband Jim Gorman owned three properties in London when she proposed the repeal of the Rents Act. Moreover, during its investigation the privileges committee MPs found she gave "seriously misleading and inaccurate information", breached the code of conduct for members and improperly contacted witnesses. She subsequently announced her resignation from Parliament, although her retirement was also influenced by caring for her husband Jim, who had cancer.Template:Citation needed

Personal life

Teresa and James Gorman were married on 18 October 1952. He died of cancer in 2008. On her birthday in 2010, she married Peter Clarke, a Scottish widower, who survived her until January 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Clarke was a columnist for Private Eye and a wildlife activist.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

She had no children.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In Who's Who (2014) she did not detail her marital status beyond "married".<ref name="Whoswho" /><ref>By the abbreviation m. in her sketch</ref>

Gorman had Alzheimer's disease. She died from end-stage dementia on 28 August 2015 at a nursing home in Grays, Essex, England.<ref name="ODNB" />

Publications

• Gorman, Teresa, MP, with Heather Kirby, The Bastards – Dirty Tricks and the Challenge to Europe, Pan Macmillan, London, 1993, (P/B), Template:ISBN
• Gorman, Teresa, No, Prime Minister!, Blake Publishing, London, 2001, (H/B), Template:ISBN