Tessa Sanderson
Template:Short description Template:Featured article Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox sportsperson
Theresa Ione Sanderson Template:Post-nominals (born 14 March 1956) is a British former javelin thrower. She appeared in every Summer Olympics from 1976 to 1996, winning the gold medal in the javelin throw at the 1984 Olympics. She was the second track and field athlete to compete at six Olympics, and the first Black British woman to win an Olympic gold medal.
Sanderson won gold medals in the javelin throw at three Commonwealth Games (1978, 1986 and 1990) and at the 1992 IAAF World Cup. She was runner-up at the 1978 European Athletics Championships, and competed in three world championships (1983, 1987, and 1997). Sanderson was UK National Champion three times and AAA National Champion in amateur athletics ten times. She set five Commonwealth records and ten British national records in the javelin, as well as records at the junior and masters levels. During her career, Sanderson had a rivalry with fellow Briton Fatima Whitbread, who took the bronze in the 1984 Olympics.
Outside athletics, Sanderson has made several guest television appearances, and was a sports reporter for Sky News when it began broadcasting in 1989. Sanderson was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1985 and became a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2004 New Years Honours. She was Vice-chair of Sport England from 1999 to 2005, and later established the Tessa Sanderson Foundation and Academy, which aims to encourage young people and people with disabilities to take up sport.
Early life
Theresa Ione Sanderson was born on 14 March 1956 in St Elizabeth, Colony of Jamaica.<ref name="UKA">Template:Cite web</ref> Her parents left Jamaica to find work in England when Sanderson was five. She was cared for by her grandmother until she went to live with her parents in Wednesfield (then in Staffordshire) at age six. Barbara Richards, her physical education teacher at Ward's Bridge High School, noted her talent for athletics and encouraged her to succeed; Richards threatened to place Sanderson in after-school detention if she did not train, an approach which Sanderson later said helped.<ref name="OBS84">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> She first threw a javelin at age 14, betting with a friend for a bag of chips on who would be able to throw it further.<ref name="DYNASTY">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:AnchorAthletic career
Early career
Sanderson was a member of Wolverhampton & Bilston Athletics Club, competing in the javelin throw and multi-event disciplines.<ref name="UKA" /> In 1972, aged 16, Sanderson won the Intermediate javelin event at the English Schools' Athletics Championships.<ref name="UKA" /> She was selected to compete in the javelin throw at the 1973 European Athletics Junior Championships the following year, where she reached the final but finished 12th with a throw of Template:T&FcalcTemplate:Sndwell behind the winner, Tonya Khristova of Bulgaria, who threw Template:T&Fcalc.<ref name="TESSAMLA">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp Sanderson then decided to focus on the javelin throw rather than the pentathlon, partly because she thought that javelin competitions would provide more opportunities for travel.<ref name="TESSAMLA" /> She made her senior international debut in the javelin throw at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, finishing fifth. Later that year, Sanderson finished 13th in the 1974 European Athletics Championships. She broke the British javelin-throw junior record five times, achieving a distance of Template:T&Fcalc in 1974. Sanderson set the national record in 1976, throwing Template:T&Fcalc, and went on to set ten national records and five Commonwealth records.<ref name="UKA" />
The 1976 season saw Sanderson's debut at the Olympics. Aged 20, she was the youngest competitor in her event and threw Template:T&Fcalc to finish ninth.<ref name="UKA" /> In July 1977, at the European Cup semi-finals in Dublin, she threw Template:T&FcalcTemplate:Snda national record and the second-longest distance by a woman at the time.<ref name="77EURO">Template:Cite news</ref> At the European Cup finals, Ruth Fuchs of East Germany won the gold and Sanderson took the silver.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, Sanderson was the bronze medalist at the 1977 IAAF World Cup.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Sanderson won her first major gold medal with a throw of Template:T&Fcalc in the 1978 Commonwealth Games, the first time England had won Commonwealth gold in the women's javelin since 1962.<ref name="UKA" /> A few weeks later, Sanderson took silver at the 1978 European Athletics Championships behind Fuchs;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> she was the bronze medalist at the 1979 European Cup again behind Fuchs, both of them losing out to Romanian Éva Ráduly-Zörgő.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Selected for the 1980 Summer Olympics, she failed to meet the qualifying standard for the final, reaching only Template:T&Fcalc with her first throw and having her other two attempts declared no-throws.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
After the 1980 Summer Olympic Games, Sanderson asked Wilf Paish of the Carnegie Institute of Physical Education in Leeds to become her coach,<ref name="OBS84" /> and lived with his family once he agreed.<ref name="FROZEN">Template:Cite news</ref> A throw of Template:T&Fcalc was enough for Sanderson to win at the 1981 Pacific Conference Games.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the 1981 European Cup, she was runner-up behind Antoaneta Todorova of Bulgaria who made a world-record throw of Template:T&Fcalc.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She also competed in the pentathlon and heptathlon,<ref name="UKA" /> setting UK and Commonwealth records for the heptathlon twice in 1981.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Later that year, Sanderson had an achilles tendon rupture in her left leg and broke a bone in her throwing arm. Surgery on her Achilles tendon was unsuccessful, and she required another operation; the injuries prevented her from competing for 22 months.<ref name="OBS84" /> After returning, Sanderson achieved her career-best javelin throw of Template:T&Fcalc at the Tarmac Games in Edinburgh on 26 June 1983. It was the third-longest throw by a woman at the time, when the record was Template:T&Fcalc thrown by Tiina Lillak of Finland ten days previously.<ref name="WA" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sanderson finished fourth at the 1983 World Championships; another British competitor, Fatima Whitbread, who was coming to the fore as her rival, won silver.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After re-injuring her Achilles tendon at the championship, Sanderson had surgery on both Achilles tendons a few days after the competition ended.<ref name="OBS84" />
Olympic gold and later career
Sanderson won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in the javelin, setting a new Olympic record with her throw of Template:T&Fcalc. Whitbread won the bronze; it was Great Britain's first Olympic win in a throwing event since the modern Olympics began in 1896.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sanderson is the first Black British woman to win an Olympic gold medal.<ref name="INDY09" /> Sanderson wrote in her 1986 autobiography that following her Olympic victory, she had not intended to compete in the following athletics season, but she did take part in several competitions after being persuaded by her management company IMG to do so. Although she finished behind Whitbread in five successive meetings, Sanderson did produce the fourth-longest women's javelin throw of the year.<ref name="TESSAMLA" />Template:Rp She won gold at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, and Whitbread took the silver medal.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In March 1987, Sanderson announced that she would change her focus from the javelin throw to the heptathlon. Shortly before then, she had moved to London and was looking for a career in television or promotional work.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In fact, she only competed in one heptathlon after this, in July.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> At the Dairy Crest Games in August, Whitbread (who had been undefeated during the season) injured her shoulder; Sanderson won the event. Sanderson then announced that she would train with Mick Hill in Italy for the world championships.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Whitbread won the world championship, and Sanderson finished fourth.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
About ten days before participating in the 1988 Summer Olympics as defending champion, Sanderson burst the skin around her ankle and exposed her Achilles tendon.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She failed to qualify for the final and left the competition limping, with blood visible on the bandage on her injured ankle.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sanderson left the stadium on crutches before the medal ceremony, where Whitbread received the silver medal behind Petra Felke from East Germany.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Sanderson announced after the 1988 Olympics that she would retire from the javelin throw, but made an unexpected return to competition in 1989<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> at the McVitie's International Challenge; she finished third.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She also finished third at the 1989 European Cup, despite not being in top condition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the 1990 Commonwealth Games, a throw of Template:T&Fcalc was enough for Sanderson to retain her title.<ref name="ENGEL">Template:Cite news</ref> She finished 12th at the 1990 European Athletics Championships,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but was later moved up to 11th.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Aged 35, Sanderson won at the 1991 European Cup over a field which included world-record holder Felke.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Her fifth Olympic Games appearance, at the 1992 Summer Olympics, set a record for Olympic appearances by a British athlete.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sanderson's best throw, Template:T&Fcalc, was almost five metres less than the winning throw of Template:T&Fcalc by Silke Renk and 3.28 metres less than bronze medalist Karen Forkel.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She won gold at the 1992 World Cup with a throw of Template:T&Fcalc, nearly three metres further than any other competitor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Rivalry with Fatima Whitbread
Alan Hubbard wrote in a 1990 article in The Observer about Sanderson and Whitbread that "their hate-hate relationship has been one of the most enduring in British sport", lasting almost a decade.<ref name="HUBBARD"/> The same year, Matthew Engel wrote in The Guardian that "the Sanderson-Whitbread feud is, of course, one of the most splendid in sport",<ref name="ENGEL" /> and Tom Lamont, in the same newspaper 29 years later, commented that "Whitbread and Sanderson were always uneasy rivals and the enmity that developed during their overlapping careers became as famous as their achievements, and seems to survive in their retirement".<ref name="FROZEN" /> Hubbard cited Sanderson's perception that Whitbread received preferential treatment from the British Amateur Athletic Board. The Board's promotions officer, Andy Norman, who had a role in setting British athletes' fees, was a family friend of Whitbread and her mother and coach, Margaret.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="HUBBARD">Template:Cite news</ref> Margaret Whitbread was also the national coach for women's javelin in 1985, when her daughter participated in many international events while Sanderson only competed in one in the season ending in June 1985.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1987, Sanderson threatened to boycott athletics events, for which she was being paid £1,000 each by British Athletics compared to Whitbread's £10,000. Sanderson agreed to a new deal at the beginning of June that year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sanderson also objected to the endorsement that the Whitbreads had given to the Australian athlete Sue Howland, who competed at the 1990 Commonwealth Games after a two-year doping suspension, saying that she felt that they should have supported British athletes instead.<ref name="HUBBARD" /><ref name="ENGEL90">Template:Cite news</ref>
During their respective careers, Sanderson won an Olympic and three Commonwealth golds, and Whitbread gained one world and one European title.<ref name="FIELD"/> In all, Sanderson placed higher in 27 of the 45 times that they faced each other in competition, although Whitbread had the better results of the pair from 1984 to 1987.<ref name="UKA" /> In 2019, Sanderson told an interviewer from The Daily Telegraph that although she had initially been on friendly terms with Whitbread, before "the competition got to Whitbread's head" and they fell out, "The rivalry was one of the best things when you look at it now. It drove me to another level. It made me want to beat her every time. It's calmer now. I respect her and I hope she respects me."<ref name="FIELD">Template:Cite news</ref>
Return to competition
After a four-year hiatus, Sanderson returned to track and field competition in 1996.<ref name="INDY96">Template:Cite news</ref> She set masters (over-40) record throws of Template:T&Fcalc and Template:T&Fcalc with her first two throws in May, surpassing the previous record of Template:T&Fcalc.<ref name="UKA" /> After two further masters-record throws,<ref name="UKA" /> Sanderson increased the record to Template:T&Fcalc at the Securicor Games in July.<ref name="INDY96" /><ref name="UKA" /> At the 1996 Summer Olympics, she became the second track and field athlete (after Romanian discus thrower Lia Manoliu) to compete at six Olympics but did not qualify for the final.<ref name="OLY6">Template:Cite web</ref> Sanderson also failed to qualify for the final at the 1997 World Championships, her last international appearance.<ref name="UKA" /> Sanderson retired from competition in 1997; Whitbread had retired five years earlier.<ref name="FROZEN" />
During the 1970s, the use of performance-enhancing drugs was common in throwing events; Sanderson spoke against the practice,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> consistently maintaining an anti-doping stance.<ref name="TESSAMLA" />Template:Rp<ref name="INDY09" /> Her rival, two-time Olympic champion Fuchs, later admitted using steroids in the East German sports programme. The East German team did not compete in the 1984 Olympic Games as they participated in a wider boycott led by the Soviet Union.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref name="DT21">Template:Cite news</ref> Sanderson told reporters from The Daily Telegraph in 2021 that she felt during her career she had been "robbed" of medals by losing to competitors using drugs.<ref name="DT21" />
Outside competition
Sanderson has appeared as a guest on several television shows, including panel games A Question of Sport (in 1979), Bullseye (1984), Through the Keyhole (1987), Catchphrase Celebrity Special (1991) and Celebrity Wife Swap (2009).<ref name="BFI">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="BULLSEYE">Template:Cite news</ref> When Sky News was launched in 1989, Sanderson was a sports reporter for the channel,<ref name="SKYN">Template:Cite news</ref> and she also co-hosted ITV's light-entertainment programme Surprise Surprise with Cilla Black.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2012, Sanderson was in "Billy's Olympic Nightmare", a BBC Red Button episode of soap opera EastEnders,<ref name="BILLY">Template:Cite web</ref> and was a contestant on ITV's Dancing on Ice Goes Gold in the same year. At age 58, she began modelling for the Grey Model Agency.<ref name=":0" />
Sanderson was vice-chair of Sport England from 1999 to 2005.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2006, she founded an academy in Newham which helped to find and train athletes to represent Britain in the 2012 Summer Olympics.<ref name="RTRF">Template:Cite web</ref> The Tessa Sanderson Foundation and Academy was established in September 2009 to encourage young people and people with disabilities to take up sport with mentoring and support.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
From 2009 to 2013, Sanderson organised an annual 10 km race in Newham; part of the route was through Olympic Park. Although the 2013 event attracted 3,000 participants (representing 45 different nationalities), it was cancelled in 2014; Sanderson said that the Newham Council wanted to double its fee, and delayed meeting about the race.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sanderson was appointed to the board of the Olympic Park Legacy Company, chaired by Baroness Ford, to "develop and manage" the park after the 2012 Olympics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Honours
Sanderson, the British Athletics Writers' Association Athlete of the Year in 1977, 1978 and 1984,<ref name="BAWA">Template:Cite web</ref> was inducted into the England Athletics Hall of Fame in 2012.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Candidates for the Hall of Fame are selected by a panel of experts and then voted on by the public.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1985 New Year Honours after her Olympic gold-medal performance, raised to Officer (OBE) in the 1998 New Year Honours for her charity work, and to Commander (CBE) in the 2004 New Year Honours for her service to Sport England.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sanderson is an honorary graduate of the University of Wolverhampton,<ref name="UWOLV">Template:Cite web</ref> and was made an Honorary Fellow of London South Bank University in 2004.<ref name="LSBU">Template:Cite web</ref> That year, she was one of 100 Great Black Britons in a poll taken after the BBC's 100 Greatest Britons failed to include any Black Britons.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="INDY">Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, Sanderson received a Sportswomen of the Year Lifetime Achievement award from The Sunday Times.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A housing estate in Wednesfield near where she began learning the javelin throw was named Sanderson Park after her.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Two roads are named after her: Tessa Sanderson Place is near Wandsworth Road in South London,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Tessa Sanderson Way is in Greenford, West London.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Personal life
Sanderson has spoken about the discrimination she has experienced as a black woman. She told The Guardian in 1990 that she had faced racial discrimination (although not in her sporting career), and she felt that sexism was the reason women athletes were not adequately paid.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sanderson experienced racist language and behaviour in school (including being spat on),<ref name="INDY09">Template:Cite news</ref> and has spoken about receiving a racist letter saying that she was not truly British after her 1984 Olympic gold medal.<ref name="SKY20">Template:Cite web</ref> She told Sky Sports in October 2020, "Black athletes didn't have the voice they have now, so I just had to fight my own battles", and expressed disappointment at the continuing lack of Black, Asian and minority representation in sports governing bodies.<ref name="SKY20" />
Tessa: My Life in Athletics, Sanderson's autobiography, was published in 1986.<ref name="Cox2003">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1990, she sued several newspapers and was awarded £30,000 in damages by the High Court of Justice for claims that she had "stolen another woman's husband". Sanderson said that her affair with the man, Derrick Evans (a fitness instructor known as Mr Motivator) began after his marriage had broken up.<ref name="DYNASTY" /> Sanderson had starred in the fitness videos Cardiofunk (1990) and Body Blitz (c. 1992) with Evans.<ref name="BLITZ">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 3 May 2010, Sanderson married former judo Olympian Densign White at St Paul's Cathedral in London. Her bridesmaids were fellow Olympic teammates Sharron Davies, Kelly Holmes and Christine Ohuruogu.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She had three unsuccessful in vitro fertilisation treatments by the age of 50. Sanderson and White began fostering four-month-old twins Cassius and Ruby Mae in 2013 and adopted them the following year, when Sanderson was 58.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Her nephew, Dion Sanderson, is a footballer who debuted with Wolverhampton Wanderers in October 2019.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:AnchorCareer statistics
Personal bests
| Event | Best | Date | Notes | Template:Abbr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Javelin throw | 73.58 m | 26 June 1983 | in Edinburgh | <ref name="WA">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 200 m | 24.89 s | July 1981 | Brussels (European Cup semi-final) | <ref name="UKA" /><ref name="SMYTHE" /> |
| 400 m | 57.3 s | 1972 | <ref name="UKA" /> | |
| 800 m | 2:26.20 | July 1981 | Brussels (European Cup semi-final) | <ref name="UKA" /><ref name="SMYTHE" /> |
| 100 m hurdles | 13.46 s | 25 July 1981 | at Crystal Palace | <ref name="UKA" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| 400 m hurdles | 60.46 s | 11 June 1977 | Cwmbran Stadium (1977 UK Athletics Championships) | <ref name="UKA" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| High jump | 1.69 m | 13 January 1973 | at the Cosford Games | <ref name="UKA" /><ref name="TESSAMLA" />Template:Rp |
| Long jump | 5.97 m | July 1981 | Brussels (European Cup semi-final) | <ref name="UKA" /><ref name="SMYTHE" /> |
| Shot put | 13.27 m | 1981 | <ref name="UKA" /> | |
| Heptathlon | 6125 pts | July 1981 | Brussels (European Cup semi-final) | <ref name="UKA" /><ref name="SMYTHE">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| 60 m hurdles (indoors) | 8.5 s | 26 February 1977 | at Cosford | <ref name="UKA" /><ref name="TESSAMLA" />Template:Rp |
| Pentathlon (indoors) | 3623 pts | 1973 | <ref name="UKA" /> |
Template:AnchorSeasonal bests
The table below shows Sanderson's best javelin performance per season.<ref name="TESSAMLA" />Template:Rp<ref name="BRINKSTER">Template:Cite web</ref> {{#chart:Tessa Sanderson - Seasonal bests.chart}} Raw data
Season rankings
Sanderson's position in the rankings of women's javelin throw athletes, based on their longest throw in the year. Only positions in the top 25 are shown.<ref name="BRINKSTER" /> {{#chart:Tessa Sanderson - Season rankings.chart}} Raw data
International competitions
The table shows Sanderson's performances representing Great Britain and England in international competitions.
"(q)" denotes position in qualifying round.
Template:AnchorNational titles
- AAA Junior Championships (under 17): 1971 and 1972<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- English Schools Champion: 1972 (intermediate) and 1973 (senior)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- British Schools International match: 1973<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- English Commonwealth Games trials: 1973 and 1978<ref name="GBROUT" />
- British Olympic Games trials: 1976 and 1984<ref name="GBROUT">Template:Cite web</ref>
- 10 times AAA National Champion: 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1996<ref name="UKA" />
- 3 times UK National Champion: 1977, 1978, 1997<ref name="UKA" />
Template:AnchorMidland Counties Championships
These were competitions for women based in the English Midlands counties of Avon, Gloucestershire, Hereford and Worcester, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Salop, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and West Midlands.<ref name="TEMPLE">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Efn
- Javelin throw: 1974, 1975, 1977<ref name="MIDL" />
- Pentathlon: 1976<ref name="MIDL" />
- 400 m hurdles: 1977<ref name="MIDL">Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
- Javelin throw at the Olympics
- List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games
- List of Olympic medalists in athletics (women)
- List of Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics (women)
- List of European Athletics Championships medalists (women)
- List of javelin throwers
Notes
References
External links
- Official website Template:Webarchive
- The Tessa Sanderson Foundation and Academy
- Tessa Sanderson Track and Field Statistics
- Template:SR/Olympics profile
{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Footer Commonwealth Champions Javelin Women Template:Footer IAAF World Cup Champions Javelin Throw Women Template:Footer UK NC Javelin Women Template:Authority control
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