Timeline of operating systems
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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:More citations needed This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.
1950s
- 1951
- LEO I 'Lyons Electronic Office'<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> was the commercial development of EDSAC computing platform, supported by British firm J. Lyons and Co.
- 1953
- DYSEAC - an early machine capable of distributing computing
- 1955
- General Motors Operating System made for IBM 701<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- MIT's Tape Director operating system made for UNIVAC 1103<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- 1956
- GM-NAA I/O for IBM 704, based on General Motors Operating System
- 1957
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer project start)
- BESYS (Bell Labs), for IBM 704, later IBM 7090 and IBM 7094
- 1958
- University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), for IBM 704, 709, and 7090
- 1959
- SHARE Operating System (SOS), based on GM-NAA I/O
1960s
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- Atlas Supervisor (Manchester University) (Atlas computer commissioned)
- BBN Time-Sharing System
- GCOS (GE's General Comprehensive Operating System, originally GECOS, General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor)
- 1963
- ADMIRAL<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- AN/FSQ-32, another early time-sharing system begun
- CTSS becomes operational (MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System for the IBM 7094)
- JOSS, an interactive time-shared system that did not distinguish between operating system and language
- Titan Supervisor, early time-sharing system begun
- 1964
- Berkeley Timesharing System (for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940)
- Chippewa Operating System (for CDC 6600 supercomputer)
- Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS for GE computers)
- EXEC 8 (UNIVAC)
- KDF9 Timesharing Director (English Electric) – an early, fully hardware secured, fully pre-emptive process switching, multi-programming operating system for KDF9 (originally announced in 1960)
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) (announced)
- PDP-6 Monitor (DEC) descendant renamed TOPS-10 in 1970
- SCOPE (CDC 3000 series)
- 1965
- BOS/360 (IBM's Basic Operating System)
- DECsys
- TOS/360 (IBM's Tape Operating System)
- Livermore Time Sharing System (LTSS)
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645) (announced)
- Pick operating system
- SIPROS 66 (Simultaneous Processing Operating System)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- THE multiprogramming system (Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven) development
- TSOS (later VMOS) (RCA)
- 1966
- DOS/360 (IBM's Disk Operating System)
- GEORGE 1 & 2 for ICT 1900 series
- Mod 1<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mod 2<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Mod 8<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- MS/8 (Richard F. Lary's DEC PDP-8 system)
- MSOS (Mass Storage Operating System)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- OS/360 (IBM's primary OS for its S/360 series) PCP and MFT (shipped)
- RAX
- Remote Users of Shared Hardware (RUSH), a time-sharing system developed by Allen-Babcock for the IBM 360/50
- SODA for Elwro's Odra 1204
- Universal Time-Sharing System (XDS Sigma series)
- 1967
- CP-40, predecessor to CP-67 on modified IBM System/360 Model 40
- CP-67 (IBM, also known as CP/CMS)
- Conversational Programming System (CPS), an IBM time-sharing system under OS/360
- Michigan Terminal System (MTS)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67 and successors)
- ITS (MIT's Incompatible Timesharing System for the DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10)
- OS/360 MVT
- ORVYL (Stanford University's time-sharing system for the IBM S/360-67)
- TSS/360 (IBM's Time-sharing System for the S/360-67, never officially released, canceled in 1969 and again in 1971)
- WAITS (SAIL, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, time-sharing system for DEC PDP-6 and PDP-10, later TOPS-10)
- 1968
- Airline Control Program (ACP) (IBM)
- B1 (NCR Century series)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- CALL/360, an IBM time-sharing system for System/360
- HP Real-Time Executive (HP RTE) – Hewlett-Packard<ref name=Poyner1991>Template:Cite web</ref>
- HP Time-Shared BASIC (HP TSB) – Hewlett-Packard<ref name=Poyner1991 /> (time-sharing system for the HP 2000)
- THE multiprogramming system (Eindhoven University of Technology) publication
- TSS/8 (DEC for the PDP-8)
- VP/CSS
- 1969
- B2 (NCR Century series)<ref name=NCR01>Template:Cite web</ref>
- B3 (NCR Century series)<ref name=NCR01></ref>
- GEORGE 3 For ICL 1900 series
- MINIMOP <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Multics (MIT, GE, Bell Labs for the GE-645 and later the Honeywell 6180) (opened for paying customers in October<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>)
- RC 4000 Multiprogramming System (RC)
- TENEX (Bolt, Beranek and Newman for DEC systems, later TOPS-20)
- Unics (later Unix) (AT&T, initially on DEC computers)
- Xerox Operating System
1970s
- 1970
- DOS-11 (PDP-11)
- 1971
- 1972
- B4 (NCR Century series)<ref name=NCR01></ref>
- COS-300
- Data General RDOS
- Edos
- MUSIC/SP
- OS/4
- OS 1100
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 1 (OS/VS1)
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R1 (OS/VS2 SVS)
- PRIMOS (written in FORTRAN IV, that didn't have pointers, while later versions, around version 18, written in a version of PL/I, called PL/P)
- Virtual Machine/Basic System Extensions Program Product (BSEPP or VM/SE)
- Virtual Machine/System Extensions Program Product (SEPP or VM/BSE)
- Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370), sometimes known as VM/CMS
- 1973
- 1974
- ACOS-2 (NEC)
- ACOS-4
- ACOS-6
- CP/M<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- DOS-11 V09-20C (Last stable release, June 1974)
- Hydra<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> – capability-based, multiprocessing OS kernel
- MONECS
- Multi-Programming Executive (MPE) – Hewlett-Packard
- Operating System/Virtual Storage 2 R2 (MVS)
- OS/7
- OS/16
- OS/32
- Sintran III
- 1975
- 1976
</ref> – all operating system procedures written in ALGOL 68C, with some closely associated protected procedures in BCPL
- 1977
- 1BSD
- AMOS
- KERNAL
- OASIS operating system
- OS68
- OS4000
- RMX-80
- System 88 (Exec)
- System Support Program (IBM System/34 and System/36)
- TRSDOS
- Virtual Memory System (VMS) V1.0 (Initial commercial release, October 25)
- VRX (Virtual Resource eXecutive)
- VS Virtual Memory Operating System<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- 1978
- 2BSD
- Apple DOS
- Control Program Facility (IBM System/38)
- Cray Time Sharing System (CTSS)
- DPCX (IBM)
- DPPX (IBM)
- HDOS
- KSOS<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – secure OS design from Ford Aerospace
- KVM/370<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – security retro-fit of IBM VM/370
- Lisp machine (CADR)
- MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE)
- OS4 (Naked Mini 4)
- PTDOS<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- TRIPOS
- UCSD p-System (First released version)
- 1979
- Atari DOS
- 3BSD
- CP-6
- Idris
- MP/M
- MVS/System Extensions R2 (MVS/SE2)
- NLTSS
- POS
- Sinclair BASIC
- Transaction Processing Facility (TPF) (IBM)
- UCLA Secure UNIX<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – an early secure UNIX OS based on security kernel
- UNIX/32V
- DOS/VSE
- Version 7 Unix
1980s
- 1980
- 86-DOS
- AOS/VS (Data General)
- Business Operating System
- CTOS<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- MVS/System Product (MVS/SP) V1
- NewDos/80
- OS-9
- RMX-86
- RS-DOS
- SOS
- Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP)
- Xenix
- 1981
- Acorn MOS
- Aegis SR1 (First Apollo/DOMAIN systems shipped on March 27<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>)
- CP/M-86
- iMAX – OS for Intel's iAPX 432 capability machine
- MCS (Multi-user Control System)
- MS-DOS
- PC DOS
- Pilot (Xerox Star operating system)
- UNOS
- UTS
- V
- VERSAdos<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- VRTX
- VSOS (Virtual Storage Operating System)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Xinu first release
- 1982
- Commodore DOS
- LDOS (By Logical Systems, Inc. – for the Radio Shack TRS-80 Models I, II & III)
- PCOS (Olivetti M20)
- pSOS
- QNX
- Stratus VOS<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Sun UNIX (later SunOS) 0.7
- Ultrix
- Unix System III
- VAXELN
- 1983
- Coherent
- DNIX
- EOS
- GNU (project start)
- Lisa Office System 7/7
- LOCUS<ref>Template:Cite tech report</ref> – UNIX compatible, high reliability, distributed OS
- MVS/System Product V2 (MVS/Extended Architecture, MVS/XA)
- Novell NetWare (S-Net)
- PERPOS
- ProDOS
- RTU (Real-Time Unix)
- STOP<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – TCSEC A1-class, secure OS for SCOMP hardware
- SunOS 1.0
- VSE/System Package (VSE/SP) Version 1<ref>Template:Cite web
</ref>
- 1984
- AMSDOS
- CTIX (Unix variant)
- DYNIX
- Mac OS (System 1.0)
- MSX-DOS
- NOS/VE<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- PANOS
- PC/IX
- ROS
- Sinclair QDOS
- SINIX
- UNICOS
- Venix 2.0
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Migration Assistance (VM/XA MA)
- 1985
- AmigaOS
- Atari TOS
- DG/UX
- DOS Plus
- Graphics Environment Manager
- Harmony
- MIPS RISC/os
- Oberon – written in Oberon
- SunOS 2.0
- Version 8 Unix
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Facility (VM/XA SF)
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 1.01
- Xenix 2.0
- 1986
- AIX 1.0
- Cronus distributed OS<ref>Vinter, S. T. and Schantz, R. E. 1986. The Cronus distributed operating system. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Making Distributed Systems Work (Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 8–10, 1986). EW 2. ACM, New York, NY, 1-3.</ref>
- FlexOS
- GEMSOS<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – TCSEC A1-class, secure kernel for BLACKER VPN & GTNP
- GEOS
- Genera 7.0
- HP-UX
- SunOS 3.0
- TR-DOS
- TRIX
- Version 9 Unix
- 1987
- Arthur (much improved version came in 1989 under the name RISC OS)
- BS2000 V9.0
- IRIX (3.0 is first SGI version)
- MDOS
- MINIX 1.0
- OS/2 (1.0)
- PC-MOS/386
- Topaz<ref>Template:Cite tech report</ref> – semi-distributed OS for DEC Firefly workstation written in Modula-2+ and garbage collected
- VxWorks
- Windows 2.0
- 1988
- A/UX (Apple Computer)
- AOS/VS II (Data General)
- CP/M rebranded as DR-DOS
- Flex machine – tagged, capability machine with OS and other software written in ALGOL 68RS
- GS/OS
- HeliOS 1.0
- KeyKOS – capability-based microkernel for IBM mainframes with automated persistence of app data
- LynxOS
- Mac OS (System 6)
- MVS/System Product V3 (MVS/Enterprise Systems Architecture, MVS/ESA)
- OS/2 (1.1)
- OS/400
- RISC iX
- SpartaDOS X
- SunOS 4.0
- TOPS-10 7.04 (Last stable release, July 1988)
- Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP)
- VAX VMM<ref>Template:Cite journal
</ref> – TCSEC A1-class, VMM for VAX computers (limited use before cancellation)
- 1989
- Army Secure Operating System (ASOS)<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> – TCSEC A1-class secure, real-time OS for Ada applications
- EPOC (EPOC16)
- NeXTSTEP (1.0)
- OS/2 (1.2)
- RISC OS (First release was to be called Arthur 2, but was renamed to RISC OS 2, and was first sold as RISC OS 2.00 in April 1989)
- SCO UNIX (Release 3)
- TSX-32
- Version 10 Unix
- Xenix 2.3.4 (Last stable release)
1990s
- 1990
- AIX 3.0
- AmigaOS 2.0
- BeOS (v1)
- DOS/V
- Genera 8.0
- iS-DOS
- LOCK<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – TCSEC A1-class secure system with kernel and hardware support for type enforcement
- MVS/ESA SP Version 4
- Novell NetWare 3
- OS/2 1.3
- OSF/1
- RTEMS
- PC/GEOS
- Windows 3.0
- Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/XA ESA)
- VSE/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VSE/ESA) Version 1<ref>Template:Cite web
</ref>
- 1991
- Amoeba – microkernel-based, POSIX-compliant, distributed OS
- GNO/ME
- Linux 0.01-0.1
- Mac OS (System 7)
- MINIX 1.5
- PenPoint OS
- RISC OS 3<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
- SUNMOS
- Trusted Xenix<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – rewritten & security enhanced Xenix evaluated at TCSEC B2-class
- 1992
- 386BSD 0.1
- Amiga Unix 2.01 (Latest stable release)
- AmigaOS 3.0
- BSD/386, by BSDi and later known as BSD/OS.
- LGX
- MPE/iX 4.0
- MagiC (as Mag!X or MagiX)
- OpenVMS V1.0 (First OpenVMS AXP (Alpha) specific version, November 1992)
- OS/2 2.0 (First i386 32-bit based version)
- Plan 9 First Edition (First public release was made available to universities)
- RSTS/E 10.1 (Last stable release, September 1992)
- SLS
- Solaris 2.0 (Successor to SunOS 4.x; based on SVR4 instead of BSD)
- Windows 3.1
- 1993
- IBM 4690 Operating System
- FreeBSD
- NetBSD
- Novell NetWare 4
- Newton OS
- Nucleus RTOS
- Open Genera 1.0
- OS 2200 (Unisys)
- OS/2 2.1
- PTS-DOS
- Slackware 1.0
- Spring
- Windows NT 3.1 (First Windows NT kernel public release)
- 1994
- 1995
- Digital UNIX (aka Tru64 UNIX)
- OpenBSD
- OS/390
- Plan 9 Second Edition (Commercial second release version was made available to the general public.)
- SMSQ/E
- Ultrix 4.5 (Last major release)
- Windows 95
- 1996
- AIX 4.2
- Debian 1.1
- JN<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> – microkernel OS for embedded, Java apps
- Mac OS 7.6 (First officially-named Mac OS)
- OS/2 Warp 4.0
- Palm OS
- RISC OS 3.6
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows CE 1.0
- 1997
- AIX 4.3
- DR-WebSpyder 1.0
- EPOC (EPOC32)
- Inferno
- Mac OS 8
- MINIX 2.0
- Nemesis<ref>various 1997 publications listed on the Nemesis website, retrieved 2013-08-13</ref>
- RISC OS 3.7
- SkyOS
- Windows CE 2.0
- 1998
- DR-WebSpyder 2.0
- Junos
- Novell NetWare 5
- RT-11 5.7 (Last stable release, October 1998)
- Solaris 7 (first 64-bit Solaris release – names from this point drop "2.", otherwise would've been Solaris 2.7)
- Windows 98
- 1999
- Amiga OS 3.5 (unofficial)
- AROS (Boot for the first time in Stand Alone version)
- Inferno Second Edition (Last distribution (Release 2.3, Template:Circa) from Lucent's Inferno Business Unit)<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
- Mac OS 9
- OS/2 Warp 4.5
- RISC OS 4
- Windows 98 (2nd edition)
2000s
2010s
2020s
See also
- Comparison of operating systems
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of real-time operating systems
- Timeline of DOS operating systems
- Timeline of Linux distributions (Diagram 1992–2010)
References
External links
- UNIX History – a timeline of UNIX 1969 and its descendants at present
- Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present)
- Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s
- A brief history of operating systems
- Microsoft operating system time-line