USS San Antonio
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates
Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship careerTemplate:Infobox ship characteristicsUSS San Antonio (LPD-17), the lead ship of her class of amphibious transport dock or landing platform dock, is the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the city of San Antonio, Texas.
Construction
Design improvements
Template:More citations needed section San Antonio is the first U.S. Navy vessel to incorporate new crew comfort features, including bunks with increased headroom, in-rack fans, and pull-out laptop computer shelves.
She is also the largest U.S. Navy vessel to incorporate stealth features, with close attention paid to exterior shaping. Shaping features include:
- Major antennas are mounted on platforms inside two Advanced Enclosed Mast/Sensor systems rather than on traditional mast yardarms that expose antennas to the environment.
- Deck edges are bounded by shaped bulwarks rather than lifeline stanchions. These bulwarks are hollow and double as storage lockers, eliminating locker clutter on decks.
- Exterior equipment is recessed or flush-mounted where possible, giving the ship a clean exterior appearance. Any equipment that cannot be flush-mounted (such as ladders) incorporate shaping features of their own.
- The boat-handling crane at the center of the ship folds into a clean shape when not in use.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- The anchor and anchor pocket are shaped to minimize radar backscatter.
Contract award and build
On 17 December 1996, the U.S. Navy awarded a contract to an industrial alliance led by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems (formerly Litton Avondale), with General Dynamics Bath Iron Works, Raytheon Electronic Systems, and Intergraph Corporation, to design and construct the first of an anticipated 12 ships under the Navy's LPD-17 program.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The keel was laid down on 9 December 2000. The ship was launched on 12 July 2003 and christened on 19 July by Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison of Texas. She was originally scheduled to be commissioned 17 July 2002, but was delayed by problems at the Avondale shipyard, which resulted in her being towed from New Orleans to the Northrop Grumman shipyard at Pascagoula, Mississippi, in December 2004 for completion.Template:Citation needed
The Navy took delivery three days before Hurricane Katrina hit in August 2005. Work was delayed further when the ship became a base for regional relief efforts, including accommodations for some shipyard workers, the National Guard, Navy diving and salvage personnel, and government officials. The ship's final cost was $840 million over budget.<ref name="Hansen, Louis 2009">Hansen, Louis, "After Shaky Start, Ship Gets Its Sea Legs", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 29 March 2009.</ref>
Commissioning
She was finally commissioned 14 January 2006, at NS Ingleside, Texas. Guest speakers included former U.S. President George H. W. Bush. Senator Hutchison, the ship's sponsor, gave the crew the customary first command, "Man our ship, and bring her to life!" After commissioning she was sent to her home port of Norfolk, Virginia.Template:Citation needed
Ship history
2003
USS San Antonio was built by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in New Orleans, the 684-foot, 25,000-ton vessel was launched on 12 July 2003, and christened one week later. She had been scheduled to be commissioned on 17 July 2002, but was delayed by poor performance at the Avondale shipyard, which resulted in her being towed from New Orleans to the Northrop Grumman shipyard at Pascagoula, Mississippi, in December 2004 for completion. The ship was unable to move under her own power at that time, despite having been christened more than a year earlier.<ref>"Will You Go Down With The Ship?". machinerylubrication.com, 1 February 2010.</ref>
2009
In 2009, San Antonio served as a flagship for Combined Task Force 151, the multinational antipiracy naval force off Somalia. During the ship's time off Africa, the crew boarded 20 foreign vessels and discovered hidden explosives on one of them. The ship returned to Norfolk on 27 March 2009.<ref name="Hansen, Louis 2009"/>
2013
In August 2013, the Navy confirmed that San Antonio had entered into the eastern Mediterranean Sea. They stressed it was a long-planned action and not related to the arrival of destroyers that had been stationed there due to the conflict in Syria. Officials thought it prudent to keep the ship near the destroyers, given the situation. In October 2013, Al Qaeda operative Abu Anas al-Libi was seized in Libya and then transferred to San Antonio to await transport to the United States for a trial and questioning.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
2016
On 12 October 2016, San Antonio and destroyer Template:USS were transiting through the southern end of the Red Sea when missiles were fired at them from Houthi-controlled territory in Yemen. Neither ship was harmed. In response to the attack on Mason and San Antonio, the destroyer Template:USS launched five cruise missiles against three radar sites in Yemen that U.S. officials believe targeted the U.S. ships.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 21 October 2016, San Antonio deployed to the Mediterranean Sea as part of Operation Odyssey Lightning to replace amphibious assault ship Template:USS, which was carrying out operations against ISIS. San Antonio carried UH-1 Y Hueys and AH-1 W Cobras from the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit's Aviation Combat Unit, VMM-264; Marine Harrier fighters were part of the operation aboard Wasp.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Criticism
Nearly three years after commissioning, problems persisted with this first-in-class vessel. On 27 January 2006, a contract worth over $6 million was awarded to Northrop Grumman, for the post-shakedown availability of San Antonio. Work was expected to be completed by April 2007. On 22 June 2007, Secretary of the Navy Donald C. Winter sent a letter to Northrop Grumman outlining problems with the ship, from leaks to steerage issues, stating, "Twenty-three months after commissioning of LPD-17, the Navy still does not have a mission-capable ship."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>"An American Tragedy". strategypage.com, 4 August 2010.</ref>
One week prior to deployment, refrigerated storage went down. Refrigerated units were craned onto the flight deck to store deployment provisions while repairs were conducted. On the day of deployment, the stern gate failed to function, causing a delay of two days.<ref>"The Navy's Floating Fiasco". time.com, 12 November 2008.</ref>
In November 2008, two months into her maiden deployment, San Antonio had been forced to undergo an unplanned maintenance stop in Bahrain due to leaks in its lubricating oil piping system.<ref>"San Antonio laid up in Bahrain". Navy Times, 9 November 2008.</ref>
During a February 2009 transit of the Suez Canal, with both shafts at full power, one shaft suddenly went into reverse, sending the vessel careening out of control and narrowly missing other ships and running aground.<ref name="Reilly, Corinne 2011">Reilly, Corinne, "Shipshape? The San Antonio, Finally, Almost Is There", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 27 February 2011.</ref>
During an antipiracy mission in February 2009, one of the ship's crew, Petty Officer First Class Theophilus K. Ansong, 34, of Bristol, Virginia, was killed in a small boat accident in the Gulf of Aden. The ship's captain, Commander Eric C. Cash, was reprimanded over the incident at an admiral's mast by Admiral J.C. Harvey Jr., the commander of Fleet Forces Command.<ref>Hansen, Louis. "After Shaky Start, Ship Gets Its Sea Legs". Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 29 March 2009.</ref><ref>Wittmeyer, Alicia P. Q., "Navy Commander Reprimanded For Sailor's Drowning", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 15 May 2010.</ref> Another officer, Lieutenant Commander Sean Kearns, the ship's executive officer, refused a mast over the same incident and was court-martialed in October and November 2010. During the trial, his defense team presented evidence of the ship's numerous deficiencies and lack of written procedures as contributing to the accident.<ref>Wiltrout, Kate, "Accused Officer Pegs Defense To San Antonio's Defects", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 2 November 2010.</ref><ref>Wiltrout, Kate, "San Antonio Crew Faced Obstacles, Former Leader Testifies", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 3 November 2010.</ref> Kearns was acquitted of the charges on 5 November 2010.<ref>Wiltrout, Kate, "San Antonio Officer Cleared of Negligence in Drowning", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 6 November 2010.</ref> Kearns stated that the ship's officers had been pressured by the Navy to declare the ship ready to deploy, though they knew that she still had significant, unresolved problems.<ref name="Reilly, Corinne 2011"/><ref>McMmichael, William H., "Leadership memo cites San Antonio fatality", Military Times, 27 March 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.</ref>
In response to these problems, the Navy finally obtained approval to hire a sufficient number supervisor of shipbuilding officers in 2009.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In October 2010, the Department of Defense (DoD) released a report outlining numerous engineering flaws in San Antonio. A top aide in the DoD was quoted as saying that Northrop Grumman's ships are "not effective, suitable, and not survivable in combat". The report also blamed Raytheon, a subcontractor providing fiber optics, electrical, and antimissile systems for San Antonio, for "persistent engineering deficiencies."<ref name=bloom_deficient>Capaccio, Tony (28 October 2010) "Northrop Navy Ships `Not Survivable' in Combat, Official Says". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 28 October 2010</ref>
In April 2011 after nearly two years of constant repair work at various shipyards in Norfolk, Virginia, the Navy started an investigation into the constant mechanical and engineering issues with San Antonio.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The executive director of the regional maintenance activity, Thomas J. Murphy, managing the work was relieved and transferred, as were the senior waterfront operations personnel. The Navy said that two contractors, Earl Industries, the prime contractor, and Fairbanks Morse, the engine manufacturer, were unwilling or unable to provide complete documentation into what was fixed on the ship and how.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Reilly, Corinne, "Investigation Puts Troubled Ship Back Under The Gun", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 15 April 2011, p. 1.</ref> As a result, the Navy suspended Norfolk Ship Support Activity's oversight authority.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 6 May 2011, the Navy canceled its maintenance contract with Earl Industries, citing, "improper work performed and concern regarding Earl Industries' quality assurance program and the company's ability to control the quality and documentation of work it performs."<ref>McCabe, Robert, "Navy Cancels Earl Industries Contract Over San Antonio Work", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 7 May 2011.</ref>
On 26 May 2011, after 10 days of sea trials, the ship's power plants were declared fit for duty.<ref>Reilly, Corinne, "Navy's San Antonio Leaves For Testing at Sea", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 18 May 2011.</ref><ref>Sizemore, Bill, "Overhauled San Antonio Deemed Fit For Duty", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 27 May 2011.</ref> The ship completed the trials on 15 June 2011 and was scheduled for a short training deployment from July to August 2011.<ref>McMichael, William H., "Crew: Amphib San Antonio finally fixed", Military Times, 15 June 2011.</ref> In July 2011, San AntonioTemplate:'s diesel engine's intercoolers were found to be mechanically deficient after the ship failed to gain full power, causing the ship to return to be repaired.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The repairs also found deficiencies in work performed by Earl Industries. The repairs were completed on 3 August 2011.<ref>McMichael, William H., "San Antonio ready for work-ups, Navy says", Military Times, 3 August 2011.</ref>
As of August 2011, the Navy now said that all problems with the ship's engines have been corrected, including "foreign material exclusion plugs left in the drain piping system, use of incorrect material, and improper installation and sealing of gaskets".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Awards
- 2012 Battle Effectiveness award.<ref>Wiltrout, Kate, "San Antonio Earns Navy's Distinguished Battle 'E' Title", Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 3 March 2012.</ref>
Ship's coat of arms
The colors of the shield and star are adapted from the Texan state flag. The star also commemorates the "Lone Star" and first United States Navy ship to bear the name San Antonio. Red is the color for valor and sacrifice, blue is for loyalty, and white is for purity of purpose. The Alamo honors the men who were killed fighting for the independence of Texas from Mexico. The bluebonnets refer to the beauty and majesty of Texas and the olive branch highlights the ship's peacekeeping mission. The trident and cannon represent the old and new weaponry. The cannonballs and 19th-century cannon were similar to weapons used by the brave men who defended the Alamo. The trident, symbol of sea prowess, also represents the "mobility triad" for which USS San Antonio was built. The crossed Navy and Marine Corps swords represent co-operation and teamwork of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.
References
- This article contains information from the Naval Vessel Registry and various other U.S. Navy Web sites.